Comparison of openEHR open-source servers

Medical information systems could benefit from electronic health records management using openEHR. On the other hand, such a standard adds an additional software layer to the system, which might impact performance. In this article, we present an in-depth comparison of open-source openEHR servers and propose tools for testing them. Load tests for selected open-source servers were prepared using Apache JMeter. Statistics of elapsed time of requests and throughput of each solution were calculated. Results show that open-source openEHR servers significantly differ in performance and stability and prove that load testing should be a crucial part of a development process

Comparison of openEHR and HL7 FHIR standards

Health informatics is characterized by the need tosecurely store, process and transmit large amounts of sensitivemedical data while ensuring interoperability with other systems.Among many standards used in such systems there are two whichhave gained interest in recent years and cover most of thoseneeds: openEHR and HL7 FHIR. In this paper, both standardsare discussed and compared with each other. The architecture ofboth systems, the similarities and differences, methods of datamodeling and ensuring interoperability were presented

SYSTEM DO POMIARU ZESPOLONEJ PODATNOŚCI MAGNETYCZNEJ NANOCZĄSTEK Z WYKONANYM W TECHNOLOGII DRUKU 3D KARKASEM ZINTEGROWANYCH CEWEK ODBIORCZYCH

The article concerns the research on the properties of core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles in the context of their use in medicine for diagnostics and therapy. The article presents a system for impedance (AC) spectroscopy of nanoparticles with a new arrangement of receive coils. A significant modification was the position of the reference coil in relation to the receive coils as well as the method of winding and routing the wires on the carcass. The 3D printing technique was used in the production of the measuring coil system. The aim of the work was to experimentally verify the developed measurement system and analyze its properties. The system tests were carried out at low frequencies ranging from 2 to 50 kHz. Complex magnetic susceptibility was measured for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in polymer shells in a physiological saline solution. The obtained results confirmed the relevance of the concept of the measurements. In summary, the observed properties of the realized system are discussed and further directions of its development are proposed.Artykuł dotyczy badań właściwości nanocząstek superparamagnetycznych typu rdzeń-powłoka w kontekście wykorzystania ich w medycynie do diagnostyki jak i terapii. W artykule przedstawiono układ do spektroskopii impedancyjnej (AC) nanocząstek z nowym układem cewek odbiorczych. Istotną modyfikacją była pozycja cewki referencyjnej względem cewek odbiorczych jak również sposób nawijania i prowadzenia przewodów na karkasie. W realizacji układu cewek pomiarowych wykorzystana została technika druku 3D. Celem pracy była eksperymentalna weryfikacja opracowanego układu pomiarowego i analiza jego własności. Testy układu zostały przeprowadzone dla niskich częstotliwości w zakresie od 2 do 50 kHz. Pomiary zespolonej podatności magnetycznej dokonano dla nanocząstek superparamagnetycznych tlenku żelaza w otoczkach polimerowych w roztworze soli fizjologicznej. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły poprawność koncepcji realizacji pomiarów. W podsumowaniu omówiono zaobserwowane własności zrealizowanego układu i zaproponowano dalsze kierunki jego rozwoju

Generative-Adversarial-Network-Based Image Reconstruction for the Capacitively Coupled Electrical Impedance Tomography of Stroke

This study investigated the potential of machine-learning-based stroke image reconstruction in capacitively coupled electrical impedance tomography. The quality of brain images reconstructed using the adversarial neural network (cGAN) was examined. The big data required for supervised network training were generated using a two-dimensional numerical simulation. The phantom of an axial cross-section of the head without and with impact lesions was an average of a three-centimeter-thick layer corresponding to the height of the sensing electrodes. Stroke was modeled using regions with characteristic electrical parameters for tissues with reduced perfusion. The head phantom included skin, skull bone, white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. The coupling capacitance was taken into account in the 16-electrode capacitive sensor model. A dedicated ECTsim toolkit for Matlab was used to solve the forward problem and simulate measurements. A conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) was trained using a numerically generated dataset containing samples corresponding to healthy patients and patients affected by either hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke. The validation showed that the quality of images obtained using supervised learning and cGAN was promising. It is possible to visually distinguish when the image corresponds to the patient affected by stroke, and changes caused by hemorrhagic stroke are the most visible. The continuation of work towards image reconstruction for measurements of physical phantoms is justified

A Run-Time Reconfiguration Method for an FPGA-Based Electrical Capacitance Tomography System

A desirable feature of an electrical capacitance tomography system is the adaptation possibility to any sensor configuration and measurement mode. A run-time reconfiguration of a system for electrical capacitance tomography is presented. An original mechanism is elaborated to reconfigure, on the fly, a modular EVT4 system with multiple FPGAs installed. The outlined system architecture is based on FPGA programmable logic devices (Xilinx Spartan) and PicoBlaze soft-core processors. Soft-core processors are used for communication, measurement control and data preprocessing. A novel method of FPGA partial reconfiguration is described, in which a PicoBlaze soft-core processor is used as a reconfiguration controller. Behavioral reconfiguration of the system is obtained by providing run-time access to the program code of a soft-core control processor. The tests using EVT4 hardware and different algorithms for tomographic scanning were performed. A test object was measured using 2D and 3D sensors. The time and resources required for the examined reconfiguration procedure are evaluated

A Run-Time Reconfiguration Method for an FPGA-Based Electrical Capacitance Tomography System

A desirable feature of an electrical capacitance tomography system is the adaptation possibility to any sensor configuration and measurement mode. A run-time reconfiguration of a system for electrical capacitance tomography is presented. An original mechanism is elaborated to reconfigure, on the fly, a modular EVT4 system with multiple FPGAs installed. The outlined system architecture is based on FPGA programmable logic devices (Xilinx Spartan) and PicoBlaze soft-core processors. Soft-core processors are used for communication, measurement control and data preprocessing. A novel method of FPGA partial reconfiguration is described, in which a PicoBlaze soft-core processor is used as a reconfiguration controller. Behavioral reconfiguration of the system is obtained by providing run-time access to the program code of a soft-core control processor. The tests using EVT4 hardware and different algorithms for tomographic scanning were performed. A test object was measured using 2D and 3D sensors. The time and resources required for the examined reconfiguration procedure are evaluated

Numerical Evaluation of Complex Capacitance Measurement Using Pulse Excitation in Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a technique of imaging the distribution of permittivity inside an object under test. Capacitance is measured between the electrodes surrounding the object, and the image is reconstructed from these data by solving the inverse problem. Although both sinusoidal excitation and pulse excitation are used in the sensing circuit, only the AC method is used to measure both components of complex capacitance. In this article, a novel method of complex capacitance measurement using pulse excitation is proposed for ECT. The real and imaginary components are calculated from digital samples of the integrator response. A pulse shape in the front-end circuit was analyzed using the Laplace transform. The numerical simulations of the electric field inside the imaging volume as well as simulations of a pulse excitation in the front-end circuit were performed. The calculation of real and imaginary components using digital samples of the output signal was verified. The permittivity and conductivity images reconstructed for the test object were presented. The method enables imaging of permittivity and conductivity spatial distributions using capacitively coupled electrodes and may be an alternative measurement method for ECT as well as for electrical impedance tomography

Numerical Evaluation of Complex Capacitance Measurement Using Pulse Excitation in Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a technique of imaging the distribution of permittivity inside an object under test. Capacitance is measured between the electrodes surrounding the object, and the image is reconstructed from these data by solving the inverse problem. Although both sinusoidal excitation and pulse excitation are used in the sensing circuit, only the AC method is used to measure both components of complex capacitance. In this article, a novel method of complex capacitance measurement using pulse excitation is proposed for ECT. The real and imaginary components are calculated from digital samples of the integrator response. A pulse shape in the front-end circuit was analyzed using the Laplace transform. The numerical simulations of the electric field inside the imaging volume as well as simulations of a pulse excitation in the front-end circuit were performed. The calculation of real and imaginary components using digital samples of the output signal was verified. The permittivity and conductivity images reconstructed for the test object were presented. The method enables imaging of permittivity and conductivity spatial distributions using capacitively coupled electrodes and may be an alternative measurement method for ECT as well as for electrical impedance tomography