11,798 research outputs found
Unusual Phase Reversal of Superhumps in ER Ursae Majoris
We studied the evolution of superhumps in the peculiar SU UMa-type dwarf
nova, ER UMa. Contrary to the canonical picture of the SU UMa-type superhump
phenomena, the superhumps of ER UMa show an unexpected phase reversal during
the very early stage (~5 d after the superoutburst maximum). We interpret that
a sudden switch to so-called late superhumps occurs during the very early stage
of a superoutburst. What had been believed to be (ordinary) superhumps during
the superoutburst plateau of ER UMa were actually late superhumps. The
implication of this discovery is briefly discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Publ. Astron. Soc. Japa
Immunization of networks with community structure
In this study, an efficient method to immunize modular networks (i.e.,
networks with community structure) is proposed. The immunization of networks
aims at fragmenting networks into small parts with a small number of removed
nodes. Its applications include prevention of epidemic spreading, intentional
attacks on networks, and conservation of ecosystems. Although preferential
immunization of hubs is efficient, good immunization strategies for modular
networks have not been established. On the basis of an immunization strategy
based on the eigenvector centrality, we develop an analytical framework for
immunizing modular networks. To this end, we quantify the contribution of each
node to the connectivity in a coarse-grained network among modules. We verify
the effectiveness of the proposed method by applying it to model and real
networks with modular structure.Comment: 3 figures, 1 tabl
Quantum knots in Bose-Einstein condensates created by counterdiabatic control
We theoretically study the creation of knot structures in the polar phase of
spin-1 BECs using the counterdiabatic protocol in an unusual fashion. We
provide an analytic solution to the evolution of the external magnetic field
that is used to imprint the knots. As confirmed by our simulations using the
full three-dimensional spin-1 Gross-Pitaevskii equation, our method allows for
the precise control of the Hopf charge as well as the creation time of the
knots. The knots with Hopf charge exceeding unity display multiple nested Hopf
links.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Global network structure of dominance hierarchy of ant workers
Dominance hierarchy among animals is widespread in various species and
believed to serve to regulate resource allocation within an animal group.
Unlike small groups, however, detection and quantification of linear hierarchy
in large groups of animals are a difficult task. Here, we analyse
aggression-based dominance hierarchies formed by worker ants in Diacamma sp. as
large directed networks. We show that the observed dominance networks are
perfect or approximate directed acyclic graphs, which are consistent with
perfect linear hierarchy. The observed networks are also sparse and random but
significantly different from networks generated through thinning of the perfect
linear tournament (i.e., all individuals are linearly ranked and dominance
relationship exists between every pair of individuals). These results pertain
to global structure of the networks, which contrasts with the previous studies
inspecting frequencies of different types of triads. In addition, the
distribution of the out-degree (i.e., number of workers that the focal worker
attacks), not in-degree (i.e., number of workers that attack the focal worker),
of each observed network is right-skewed. Those having excessively large
out-degrees are located near the top, but not the top, of the hierarchy. We
also discuss evolutionary implications of the discovered properties of
dominance networks.Comment: 5 figures, 2 tables, 4 supplementary figures, 2 supplementary table
Cohomological non-rigidity of generalized real Bott manifolds of height 2
We investigate when two generalized real Bott manifolds of height 2 have
isomorphic cohomology rings with Z/2 coefficients and also when they are
diffeomorphic. It turns out that cohomology rings with Z/2 coefficients do not
distinguish those manifolds up to diffeomorphism in general. This gives a
counterexample to the cohomological rigidity problem for real toric manifolds
posed in \cite{ka-ma08}. We also prove that generalized real Bott manifolds of
height 2 are diffeomorphic if they are homotopy equivalent
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