SPEC Kit 361: Outreach and Engagement

ARL SPEC KitLibrary outreach is experiencing a renaissance. Librarians have been reaching out to their communities and developing programming for decades, but libraries are increasingly being asked to demonstrate their value to the communities that they serve. In response, outreach positions are becoming more commonplace and communities of practice are emerging around measuring the impact of library outreach activities. This SPEC Kit was born out of the authors’ struggles and successes in providing academic library outreach services at their local institutions. The survey questions were designed to gather information from ARL institutions to create a picture of library outreach that spans across institutions; a professional baseline. Questions of organizational priorities, vision, goals, resource allocation, staffing models, and assessment come together to paint the picture of how libraries are approaching outreach programs. The survey was sent to the 125 ARL member institutions in July 2018, with 57 (46%) responding by the August 6 deadline. The data gathered suggests that systematic outreach programs are still very much in their infancy and highly dependent on local organizational culture. This SPEC Kit highlights the areas where libraries share approaches to outreach programs while also shining a spotlight on issues that warrant continued research and attention by outreach librarians and library administrators

Etiology-independent activation of the LTβ-LTβR-RELB axis drives aggressiveness and predicts poor prognosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor with an increasing incidence worldwide. HCC is a heterogeneous malignancy and develops usually in a chronically injured liver. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling network consists of a canonical and a non-canonical branch. An activation of canonical NF-κB in HCC is documented. However, a functional and clinically relevant role of non-canonical NF-κB and its downstream effectors is not established. APPROACH RESULTS: Four human HCC cohorts (total n=1,462) and four mouse HCC models were assessed for expression and localization of NF-κB signaling components and activating ligands. In vitro, NF-κB signaling, proliferation and cell death were measured, proving a pro-proliferative role of RELB activated via NIK. In vivo, Lymphotoxin beta (LTβ) was identified as predominant inducer of RELB activation. Importantly, hepatocyte-specific RELB knockout in a murine HCC model led to a lower incidence compared to controls and lower maximal tumor diameters. In silico, RELB activity and RELB directed transcriptomics were validated on the TCGA HCC cohort using inferred protein activity and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). In RELB-active HCC, pathways mediating proliferation were significantly activated. In contrast to RELA, nuclear enrichment of non-canonical RELB expression identified patients with a poor prognosis in an etiology-independent manner. Moreover, RELB activation was associated with malignant features metastasis and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a prognostically relevant, etiology-independent and cross-species consistent activation of a LTβ/LTβR/RELB axis in hepatocarcinogenesis. These observations may harbor broad implications for HCC, including possible clinical exploitation

SPARK: A US Cohort of 50,000 Families to Accelerate Autism Research

The Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) has launched SPARKForAutism. org, a dynamic platform that is engaging thousands of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and connecting them to researchers. By making all data accessible, SPARK seeks to increase our understanding of ASD and accelerate new supports and treatments for ASD