Effectiveness of David Merrill’s Problem-Oriented Model in Midwifery Education

Introduction: Development of societies depend on the level of education and the quantitative and qualitative development of the educational system, in particular the higher education system. Considering the importance of the problem-oriented model in increasing the effectiveness of education in, the purpose of this study is to introduce an effective problem-oriented model to promote medical science education. Methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted on 43 students of the Faculty of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University- Larestan Branch in 2016. The sample was selected according to convenient sampling method. 23 students were enrolled in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The research instruments included two attitudes and satisfaction questionnaires as well as a graduation test. The content validity was used as a validation tool. The reliability of the satisfaction and attitude questionnaire was 87% and 83%, respectively according to Cronbach's alpha and the reliability of the course test was 91% according to the Kurdr -Richardson method. Findings: The results of this study indicate a general improvement in midwifery education in three areas of attitude (p <0/000), satisfaction (p <0/000) and learning (p <0/000) of learners according to the initial principles of education from David Merrill. Conclusion: This model can be used in general medicine and midwifery education in particular. Keywords: Education, Midwifery, Educational Design &nbsp

Collagen as Adherent Substratum and Inducer of Dorsal Root Ganglia Outgrowth

ABSTRACT Neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants is a method of evaluating neurotrophic activity of growth factors. When complete medium containing collagen was supplemented with nerve growth factor (NGF) DRG outgrowth was observed after 18 h. In the absence of NGF and in the presence of collagen, the DRG outgrowth took place after 72 h. In wells not supplemented with collagen gel in substratum, no DRG outgrowth was observed. Partially, DRG differentiation was observed in the presence of NGF. In the absence of NGF and collagen, there was no DRG outgrowth detected. It seems that, in some circumstances, cells degenerated by DRG may be an indication of an apoptosis phenomenon. Therefore, we suggested that collagen as a substratum is more effective than NGF