The effect of regular high-intensity interval exercise on some apoptotic factors in the brain tissue of old female rats

Background: The aging process is associated with a progressive deterioration of tissues and organs. Apoptotic cell death has been known as a possible causal factor in age-related pathologies. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of regular high-intensity interval exercise on some apoptotic factors in the brain tissue of aged female rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 14 aged female Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups (n=7) of control and exercise. The animals performed 10 bouts of 1-min high-intensity treadmill running (20–34 m·min–1), separated by 2 min of rest, for 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The rats were killed 48 h after the last treatment and their brain Bax and Bcl-2 levels were evaluated by the ELISA method. Results: The results showed that an 8-week, high-intensity interval exercise decreased brain Bax levels in aged rats (P<0.05). However, a significant increase was observed in the levels of brain Bcl-2 in the exercise group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that a high-intensity exercise may mediate part of its protective effect against aging-induced apoptosis, by increasing brain Bcl-2 and suppressing Bax levels in brain

The effect of regular high-intensity interval exercise on some apoptotic factors in the brain tissue of old female rats

Background: The aging process is associated with a progressive deterioration of tissues and organs. Apoptotic cell death has been known as a possible causal factor in age-related pathologies. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of regular high-intensity interval exercise on some apoptotic factors in the brain tissue of aged female rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 14 aged female Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups (n=7) of control and exercise. The animals performed 10 bouts of 1-min high-intensity treadmill running (20–34 m•min–1), separated by 2 min of rest, for 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The rats were killed 48 h after the last treatment and their brain Bax and Bcl-2 levels were evaluated by the ELISA method. Results: The results showed that an 8-week, high-intensity interval exercise decreased brain Bax levels in aged rats (P<0.05). However, a significant increase was observed in the levels of brain Bcl-2 in the exercise group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that a high-intensity exercise may mediate part of its protective effect against aging-induced apoptosis, by increasing brain Bcl-2 and suppressing Bax levels in brain

The Effect of Aerobic Training and Arbotin on Cardiac Nitric Oxide, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Male Diabetic Rats

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most important metabolic diseases, which its incidence rate has increased in recent years. In this disease, the insulin function is impaired, leading to several complications. Physical exercise and medicinal plants are considered as a way to control diabetes along with nutrition and medicine. The present study was conducted with the purpose of determining the effect of aerobic training and use of arbutin on cardiac nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-&alpha; and vessel endothelial growth factor in male diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male adult Wistar rats (age, 8 weeks; weight, 190-220g), were randomly divided into 6 groups of 7 each (control, arbutin, diabetic, diabetic+training, diabetic+arbutin, and diabetic+training+arbutin). Training programs included 5 days of swimming per week for 6 weeks. Sampling from the heart was performed 72 hours after the last training session and arbutin consumption to analyze NO, TNF-&alpha; and VEGF. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the significance level p&le;0.05. Results: Aerobic training along with use of arbutin led to increased levels of NO and VEGF and decreased level of TNF-&alpha; in cardiac tissue of diabetic rats (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that a period of regular aerobic training and use of arbutin can be considered as an appropriate non-medicinal method to control diabetes mellitus type 2 through decrease in inflammatory factors

Possible Effect of Pilates Exercises and Vitamin D on Renal Function Parameters in Overweight Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Objectives: Obesity and vitamin D deficiency have been recognized as important risk factors for chronic kidney disease. The use of safe and low-risk non-pharmacological interventions is recommended to reduce and or prevent chronic diseases. The current study aimed to assess the effect of Pilates training and vitamin D on renal function parameters in overweight men. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 overweight men within the age range of 45-55 years. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to the groups of Pilates training, Pilates training+ vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D supplementation, and control groups. The Pilates training and Pilates training+ vitamin D supplementation groups performed Pilates programs for 8 weeks (with the intensity of 50-75% of reserve heart rate, 3sessions/week). vitamin D and Pilates training+ vitamin D groups also received 50000 units of oral vitamin D weekly. Blood urea, uric acid, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured before and after the interventions. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test, one way ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis tests (p˂0.05). Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, 8 weeks of Pilates training, vitamin D intake, and the combined intervention were associated with a significant increase in GFR and a decrease in the urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels(P<0.05). Furthermore, the combined intervention brought more improvement to these variables, compared to the two other interventions (P˂0.05). Conclusion: It seems that both vitamin D supplementation and Pilates training interventions may lead to an improvement in the renal function of overweight individuals with abnormal vitamin D status by increasing GFR and decreasing urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels. Nonetheless, the combined intervention is associated with stronger effects

Effect of regular exercise training on apelin and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in hypertensive postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background and Objective: The comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension may exacerbate chronic inflammation and regular exercise training considered as an important therapeutic approach for such patients. This study was done to evaluate the eight weeks effects of regular exercise training on apelin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) plasma levels in hypertensive postmenopausal women with T2DM. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 20 postmenopausal women with hypertension and T2DM. Subjects non-randomlly allocated into intervention and control groups. Training program consisted of 25-40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50-70 percent of maximal heart rate, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. The plasma level of apelin, TNF-a and glucose was measured, subsequently. Results: 8 weeks exercise training was significantly reduced apelin, TNF-a, and glucose levels in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can mediate some of its favorable effects on hypertension pathological conditions associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus by reducing plasma apelin and TNF-a levels

The Combined Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise with Garlic Extract on Renal Apoptosis Regulatory Factors in Aged rats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Background: Chronic kidney disease as an important risk factor is associated with some disorders which are key causes of death and disability in older people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the combined effect of regular aerobic exercise with garlic extract on renal apoptosis regulatory factors in aged rats with chronic kidney disease. Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 42 aged male Wistar rats(48-52 weeks) were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups: control, doxorubicin, doxorubicin-salin, doxorubicin- garlic, doxorubicin - exercise, doxorubicin –garlic-exercise(combined). Chronic kidney disease was induced by a single subcutaneous injection 8.5 mg/kg of doxorubicin. Swimming training was programmed 3 days /week, 30 min/day for 8 weeks. Both the doxorubicin garlic and combined groups with garlic extract were administered by garlic gavage at a dose of 2.5 g/kg. The renal Bax and Bcl-2 levels were evaluated by ELIZA method. A one-way analysis of variance was used to data analysis (p<0.05). Results: The results showed that induced chronic kidney disease was associated with a significant increase on Bax and a decrease on Bcl-2 in aged rats. Also, 8 weeks swimming training, garlic supplementation and the combined intervention significantly reversed these changes. Furthermore, no significant difference have been observed in the effect of these interventions on Bax and Bcl-2 in aged rats with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: It seems that the use of non-pharmacological treatment methods such as exercise training, garlic extract supplement, and combination of the both interventions may be effective in reducing apoptosis resulted from chronic kidney disease in aged rats

Investigating the Effect of Two Models of High-Intensity Interval on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Body Composition in Women with Vitamin D Deficiency

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency and obesity are very common and are closely related to structural and functional changes in the brain. Therefore, it is important to use efficient lifestyle methods to increase the health of the nervous system. Therefore, in this study, the effect of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) models on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and body composition in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency was compared. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 39 overweight women with low vitamin D status, selected through available sampling, were randomly assigned to control groups, resistance HIIT and running HIIT. Resistance HIIT consisted of three sets with an intensity of 80% of a maximum repetition with 2.5 min active recovery between the sets. Running HIIT was performed in 12x1-min running bouts at 80-90% HRmax interspersed with 1 min active recovery. The subjects trained 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after 8 weeks of training. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and paired t-test (p<0.05). Results: 8 weeks of training led to a significant increase in the BDNF serum levels and decreased weight and body fat percentage in the experimental groups (p<0.001). Also, a significant difference was observed between the percentage changes in BDNF averages between the experimental groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that both types of resistance HIIT and HIIT running can improve the health of the central nervous system in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency by increasing BDNF levels; however, HIIT running was associated with stronger effects compared to resistance HIIT

Evaluation of Possible Changes in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Sleep Quality in Inactive Young Women with Vitamin D Deficiency after a Period of the High -Intensity Interval Running Training with Vitamin D Intake

Background & objectives: Obesity and vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with poor sleep quality (SQ), and lifestyle changes can effectively improve SQ. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high- intensity interval running training (HIIRT) with VD intake on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and SQ in young women with VD deficiency. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 52 women with an average age of 25.98±1.95 years, body mass index of 27.54±1.13 kg/m2 and low VD status. After being selected by the available sampling method, the subjects were randomly divided into control, running training, VD and combined groups. HIIT performed in 12x1-min running bouts at 80-90% HRmax interspersed with one minute of active recovery. VD was consumed weekly with a dose of 50,000 units. SQ was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and paired t- test (p<0.05). Results: After 8 weeks, the levels of BDNF in the experimental groups increased and the SQ score decreased significantly (p<0.05). But the combined intervention had more effect on the change of SQ scales (p<0.05) and BDNF (p<0.001) compared to the other two interventions (p<0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the changes in the SQ score of the running training and VD groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle changes such as HIIT, VD intake, and combined intervention can lead to improvement of SQ through the up-regulation of BDNF in women with overweight and VD deficiency. Also combined intervention may have more potent effects on improving these variables

Aerobne vježbe kao zaštita bubrega od oštećenja koje uzrokuje L-NAME u štakora

Exercise, alone or combined with changes in lifestyle, can prevent or reduce the need for pharmacotherapy in patients with compromised endothelium-dependent function. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of aerobic exercise against (L-NAME)-kidney damage in male rats induced by Nω-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). L-NAME was administered to rats intraperitoneally in doses of 10 mg kg-1 six days a week over eight weeks. Rats exercised by running on a treadmill at the speed of (15 to 22) m min-1, 25 min to 64 min per day, five days a week over eight weeks. The rats were killed 48 h after the last dose, and their kidneys removed and homogenised to measure the levels of heat shock protein70 (HSP70), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). We also measured serum nitrite/nitrate. Chronic administration of L-NAME significantly increased renal HSP70 and TBARS levels and decreased renal SOD activity and serum nitrites/nitrates. Training modified abnormal renal HSP70, lowered TBARS, and increased SOD and serum nitrite/nitrate. Our results have confirmed that regular aerobic exercise protects against nitric oxide deficiency-induced kidney damage by modifying HSP70, up-regulating SOD activity, and depleting TBARS.Tjelovježba kao takva ili u kombinaciji s promjenama u životnim navikama može smanjiti potrebu za uzimanjem lijekova u bolesnika s kompromitiranom endotelnom funkcijom. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi zaštitno djelovanje aerobnog vježbanja od oštećenja bubrega koje uzrokuje metil (2S)-2-amino- 5-{[amino(nitramido)metiliden]amino}pentanoat (L-NAME) u Wistar štakora. L-NAME se davao štakorima osam tjedana intraperitonealno u dozi od 10 mg kg-1 na dan, šest dana u tjednu. U tih osam tjedana, štakori su trčali na traci brzinom od 15 m min-1 do 22 m min-1, 25 min do 64 min na dan, pet dana u tjednu. Četrdeset osam sati po primitku posljednje doze L-NAME-a štakori su žrtvovani, a njihovi bubrezi uklonjeni i homogenizirani radi mjerenja razina HSP70, SOD-a i TBARS-a. Također smo mjerili koncentraciju nitrita/nitrata u serumu. Dugotrajna primjena L-NAME značajno je povećala razine HSP70 i TBARS-a te smanjila aktivnost SOD-a u bubrezima odnosno razine nitrita/nitrata u serumu. Vježbanje je smanjilo povišene razine HSP70 i TBARS-a, a povećalo aktivnost SOD-a i razinu nitrita/nitrata u serumu. Naši rezultati potvrđuju da redovito vježbanje štiti od oštećenja bubrega uzrokovanog nedostatkom dušikova oksida, tako što mijenja razine HSP70, potiče aktivnost SOD-a, te smanjuje razine TBARS-a