Evaluation of overall survival and disease-free survival of adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy in patients with breast cancer

Abstract : Background: This study evaluated the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy on overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative tumor without lymph node involvement. Methods: Breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and no lymph node involvement were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patient records were used to collect data on sex, age, time of disease onset, tumor subtype, tumor size, grade, lymphovascular and perineural involvement, ki67, and treatment protocols. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Patients who received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and patients who received hormonal therapy only. Disease-free survival index (DFS) and overall survival index (OS) were evaluated. Results: Sixty-seven female patients were enrolled in this study. Of them, 68.2% received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and 31.6% received hormonal therapy only. During follow-up, recurrences occurred in 8 patients. The 3-year and 5-year DFS were 93.4% and 90%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year DFS were 94% and 92%, respectively, in patients who received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, and 91% and 85%, respectively, in patients who received hormonal therapy. None of the factors studied affected the 3-year and 5-year DFS. The 3-year and 5-year DFS OS were 98.6% and 96.9%, respectively CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and no lymph node involvement compared with similar patients receiving hormone therapy alone had no significant difference in disease-free survival index and overall survival index. Keywords: breast cancer; disease-free survival index; overall survival inde

Early amiodarone pneumonitis: A case report

Abstract Consider amiodarone pneumonitis as an important differential diagnosis of ARDS, especially in clinically ill patients who recently received Intravenous amiodarone

The effect of oral probiotics on CD4 count in patients with HIV infection undergoing treatment with ART who have had an immunological failure

Abstract Introduction Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in appropriate colonies, can delay the destruction of the immune system and contribute to the maintenance of immunity in HIV patients. Probiotics play an important role in stimulating natural killer T cells, strengthening the functional gut barrier, and reducing systemic inflammation. Methods This study was a randomized double‐blind clinical trial involving 30 patients treated with antiretroviral therapy who had experienced immunological failure despite HIV viral suppression. Patients were divided into two equal groups of 15, group (B) received two probiotic capsules daily with a colony count of 10⁹ CFU per capsule containing seven strains, after 3 months they were examined for CD4+ counts by flow cytometry, and after a 1‐month washout period the participants who had received probiotics were switched to placebo, and the participants who had received placebo were given probiotics for 3 months, and they were examined for CD4+ counts 7 months after the start of the study. Results In the first group (A), administration of the placebo resulted in a decrease in CD4 count in the first 3 months (from 202.21 to 181.79, p value < .001), which may be due to the natural history of the disease. After probiotics administration, CD4 count increased significantly (from 181.79 to 243.86, p value < .001). Overall, after 7 months of study, there was a significant increase in the mean CD count from 202.21 to 243.86 (p value < .001). In the second group (B), the administration of probiotics in the first 3 months of the study resulted in a significant increase in the mean CD4 count (from 126.45 to 175.73, p value < .001). Termination of treatment with probiotics resulted in a significant decrease (from 175.73 to 138.9, p value < .001) but overall the CD4 count at the end of the study was significantly higher than at baseline (p value < .001)