The effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on the expression of the USP9Y gene in rat testicles

Background: The increasing use of nanoparticles has raised concerns about the risks of nanoparticle release to the environment, which has adverse effects on fertility. Disruption of the expression of the USP9Y (Ubiquitin Specific Protease 9 Y chromosome) gene may cause azoospermia or oligospermia in the testes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on the expression of the USP9Y gene in rat testicles. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three treatment groups and one control group. The treatment groups received different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/kg) and the control group received normal saline intraperitoneally for 14 days. Then, the testicles were removed and the size and diameter of the small and large testicles were measured. Finally, the expression of the USP9Y gene was investigated by the real-time PCR method. Results: After 14 days exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles, the rats' body weight, weight and diameter of the testicles, and the USP9Y gene expression were reduced dose-dependently in all three treatment groups. Conclusion: It seems that exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles may have a negative effect on fertility by reducing the expression of some genes associated with fertility of the male rats, and also by reducing the weight and size of the testes

Green synthesis of Ag-NPs as a metal nanoparticle and ZnO-NPs as a metal oxide nanoparticle: Evaluation of the in vitrocytotoxicity, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic activities

Objective(s): The study aimed to synthesize both silver- and zinc-oxide nanoparticles utilizing the Peganum harmala smoke extract (PHSE) bio-platform to evaluate their cytotoxicity on different types of human cancer cell lines and study their anti-oxidant, and anti-angiogenic potentials. Materials and Methods: The Silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP) were produced utilizing the green-synthesize method by applying the PHSE bio-platform. After characterization by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. MTT assay was used for the evaluation toxicity of nanoparticles. ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ROS for anti-oxidant capacity, chicks’ chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and qPCR for anti-angiogenesis effects of nanoparticles were used. Results: Ag-NPs (82.42 nm) and ZnO-NPs (163.05 nm) inhibited prostate, ovarian, and liver malignant cells. Inhibition of ABTS•+ and DPPH•+ and increasing the rate of intracellular ROS exhibited the anti and pro-oxidant capacity of Ag and ZnO-NPs out and inside of malignant cells. Also, their anti-angiogenesis impact was verified by significant dose-dependent VEGF and VEGFR down-regulation and the decreased blood vessels in the CAM. Conclusion: The anti-oxidant, cytotoxicity and anti-angiogenesis effects of Ag and ZnO-NPs synthesized from Pecan smoke extract make it possible to use these nanoparticles in cancer chemotherapy

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Gene Expression and Cytotoxicity Potential of Natural Bioactive Compound of Ferutinin Against the Cancer cell Line

Background & Objective: One of the most common malignancies among Iranian women is breast cancer. One of the strategies in the field of cancer prevention is the activation of an inherent and acquired cancer immune system that has the power to differentiate and select an action. Today, due to the side effects of therapies, numerous attempts have been made to discover natural compounds that have selective power in limiting cancers. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-tumor function of ferutinin as a ferula-derived plant compound on MDA-MB-231 cell line in breast cancer cells. Materials & Methods: MTT test was used to study the toxicity of ferutinin against breast cancer cells and compare it with normal cells. Moreover, the morphologic investigation of Ferutinin-treated MDA cells was accomplished with microscopic observations, and the expression of the apoptotic gene was carried out by Real-time PCR. Results: The results demonstrate that the viability of MDA cells after 24, 48, and 72 hours’ treatment with ferutinin (100 μg / ml) were reported 62.2, 51.8, and 41.73 percent respectively. Furthermore, the gene expression of Catalase increased with the dose-dependent manner in a concentration of 30 μM whereas no cytotoxic effects of ferutinin were observed on normal HDF cell line. Conclusion: Regarding the lack of cytotoxic effects of ferutinin on normal HDF cells, it is suggested that ferutinin could be an appropriate therapeutic alternative in patients with breast cancer and oxidative stress consequences

Investigation of Antiangiogenic Properties of Green ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized By Root Extract of Persicaria bistorta

Introduction: Angiogenesis is a dynamic procedure that plays a key role in physiological and pathological conditions such as tumor growth. Today, the green synthesized nanoparticles are applied for cancer treatment due to their anti-angiogenic properties. In the green method, the plant extract is used for metal ions exchange into a nanoparticle as an economic and environmental-friendly procedure. In the present study, the anti-angiogenic effects of green ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by Persicaria bistorta root extract were evaluated. &nbsp; Materials & Methods : As to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles, 30 Ross eggs were randomly divided into&nbsp; 6 groups including the control ,laboratory control, and 4 experimental groups treated by 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 &mu;g/ml ZnO nanoparticles. On the day 12 after incubation, the effects of ZnO were assessed. The obtained data was analyzed using the SPSS software and ANOVA statistical test. The P<0.05 was regarded as a significance. &nbsp; Findings: The obtained data showed that the 1000 and 2000 &mu;g/ml of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles significantly decreased the number and length of chorioallantoic membrane vascular splits (P<0.001), weight and size and the head to tail length of the chicken&rsquo;s embryos in comparison to the normal controls (P<0.05). &nbsp; Discussion & Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the green ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous Persicaria bistorta root extract restricted the angiogenesis

Cytotoxic and antioxidant capacity of camel milk peptides: Effects of isolated peptide on superoxide dismutase and catalase gene expression

Peptides from natural sources such as milk are shown to have a wide spectrum of biological activities. In this study, three peptides with antioxidant capacity were identified from camel milk protein hydrolysate. Pepsin and pancreatin were used for hydrolysis of milk proteins. Ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the concentration and purification of the hydrolysate, respectively. Sequences of the three peptides, which were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrophotometry, were LEEQQQTEDEQQDQL [molecular weight (MW): 1860.85 Da, LL-15], YLEELHRLNAGY (MW: 1477.63 Da, YY-11), and RGLHPVPQ (MW: 903.04 Da, RQ-8). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these chemically synthesized peptides against HepG2 cells. In vitro analysis showed antioxidant properties and radical scavenging activities of these peptides on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)+, O2–, and OH– free radicals. HepG2 cells were treated with YY-11 peptide for 48 hours, and the expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase genes was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed a significant increase in the expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase genes in treated HepG2 cells

Evaluation of Anti-angiogenic Activity of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis by Rubina tinctorum L (Ru-AgNPs) Using Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay

Abstract Background: Angiogenesis occurs in physiologic (wound healing) and pathological conditions and plays an important role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Therefore, the inhibition of angiogenesis can be an important approach to treat cancer diseases. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles has been developed to control cancer cells and prevent tumor growth. Various studies have shown the role of nanoparticles in reducing angiogenesis and inhibition of cancer cells. So, in this study, the anti-angiogenic effect of silver nanoparticle synthesis by Rubina tinctorum L (Ru-AgNPs) on Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) was investigated. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 60 eggs were randomly divided into 6 groups including control, laboratory control and 4 treatment groups (10 eggs/group). On the second day of incubation, a window was created on the eggs. On the 8th day, the chorioallantoic membrane of samples was treated with different concentrations of nanoparticles and on the 12th day, the image was taken from all samples. Finally, the number and length of vessels on the chorioallantoic membrane and following that weight and length of the embryo from crown to squattiest were measured. Quantitative data were analyzed using LSD-test. Results: The results showed that the Ru-AgNPs significantly reduced the length and number of blood vessels in the treated groups compared to the control group. Also, the comparison of length and weight of embryos in treated samples with control group showed that the Ru-AgNPs had an inhibitory effect on the length of the embryos, but the weight did not differ significantly in the treatment with the control group. Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effect of the Ru-AgNPs on the angiogenesis of the chorioallantoic membrane, with further studies, this compound can be used to control and inhibit pathological angiogenesis in many diseases such as cancers

Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities

Objective: This investigation aimed to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of allicin (AC) by encapsulating it in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) decorated with chitosan (CS)-conjugated folic acid (FA). Material and Methods: Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by high-pressure homogenization, and then, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and zeta potential methods were used to determine their physicochemical characteristics. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to assess the effect of toxicity and flow cytometry, while fluorescent staining methods were used to investigate the type of cell death. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate the expression levels of apoptotic genes: Bcl-2, and caspase-8. Results: The presence of AC-SLN-CS-FA with a spherical morphology, an average size of 86.7 ± 9.4 nm, uniform distribution (0.31), a surface charge of +21.3 ± 13.3 mV, an encapsulation percentage of 86.3%, and a folate binding rate of 63% confirmed the success of the preparation method. Suppression of MCF-7 cancer cells and non-toxicity of AC-SLN-CS-FA on Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) normal cells were confirmed by cytotoxic assay. The results of flow cytometry revealed that the cells were arrested in the sub-G1 phase, and the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway was confirmed by the results of real-time qPCR. Conclusions: In general, AC-SLN-CS-FA has the potential to prevent free radicals and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway; thus, making it a promising subject in preclinical research

The effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on the expression of the USP9Y gene in rat testicles

Background: The increasing use of nanoparticles has raised concerns about the risks of nanoparticle release to the environment, which has adverse effects on fertility. Disruption of the expression of the USP9Y (Ubiquitin Specific Protease 9 Y chromosome) gene may cause azoospermia or oligospermia in the testes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on the expression of the USP9Y gene in rat testicles. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three treatment groups and one control group. The treatment groups received different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/kg) and the control group received normal saline intraperitoneally for 14 days. Then, the testicles were removed and the size and diameter of the small and large testicles were measured. Finally, the expression of the USP9Y gene was investigated by the real-time PCR method. Results: After 14 days exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles, the rats' body weight, weight and diameter of the testicles, and the USP9Y gene expression were reduced dose-dependently in all three treatment groups. Conclusion: It seems that exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles may have a negative effect on fertility by reducing the expression of some genes associated with fertility of the male rats, and also by reducing the weight and size of the testes

investigation antiradical activity and properties antibactrial complex of cu(II) schiff base

Background: Schiff bases have attracted great attention in recent years due to their antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial properties. Antioxidants prevent free radical reactions and leading to decrease in cardiovascular disease, cancers, etc. Bacteria exploited variety of defense systems so they can resist against antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop antimicrobial factors with more effective mechanisms. In present study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of copper Schiff base complex N�-N1 dipirodoxil-1-2 diaminobenzene has been studied. Materials and methods: After Synthesis of Schiff base complex, evaluation of antiradical activity of this complex was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),2, 2�-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl (OH �) tests. In order to study antimicrobial properties, disk diffusion test was done using bacteria.Results: Schiff base complex acted as scavengerof 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (IC50 = 0.1 mg/ml), 2, 2�-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) (IC50 = 0.11 mg/ml) and hydroxyl radicals (OH �) (IC50 = 0.14 mg/ml). Antimicrobial effects of this complex against two bacteria were seen at the concentration of 250 µg/ml.Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that copper Schiff base complex has antioxidant activity and in antimicrobial test Staphylococcus aureus is more sensitive than Escherichia coli. Keywords: Copper Schiff base; Antiradical Activity; DPPH; Antimicrobia

The Study of Antiangiogenic Effects of Oxovanadium(IV) Complex of N,N′-Dipyridoxyl(1,2-cyclopropanediamine) Schiff Base on the Chorioallantoic Membrane of Chick Embryos Cells

Background & Objective: Schiff bases are considered as an important group of compounds in the development of new drugs. The current approach to finding more effective treatment for cancer is to set up different stages of the angiogenesis process using angiogenesis suppressors, such as metal complexes synthesized from the Schiff bases. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the antiangiogenic effects of oxovanadium(IV) complex of N,N′-dipyridoxyl(1,2-cyclopropanediamine) Schiff base on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos cells. Materials & methods: Anti-angiogenic activity of oxovanadium(IV) complex of N,N′-dipyridoxyl(1,2-cyclopropanediamine) Schiff base was evaluated using Real-time PCR technique to evaluate the expression changes in angiogenesis-related genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and CAM test. Results: The study of alterations in the expression of genes showed that oxovanadium(IV) complex of N,N′-dipyridoxyl(1,2-cyclopropanediamine) Schiff base had a significant inhibitory effect on the expression of both genes involved in angiogenesis. The findings of the CAM test showed that there was a significant decrease in the number and length of the vessels treated with different doses of the complex (100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/mL) (P <0.01 and P <0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in weight and height of embryos treated with complex compared to control group at P <0.05, P <0.01 and P <0.001. Conclusion: In this study, the oxovanadium(IV) complex of N,N′-dipyridoxyl(1,2-cyclopropanediamine) Schiff base has antiangiogenesis effects that make the use of this complex possible for cancer treatment