Modelling the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Specialist Nurse Workforce standards by determination of optimum caseloads in the United Kingdom.

Background and Aims Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease affecting 1 in 250 of the population in the UK. It is accepted that access to a specialist nurse service improves patient experience and outcome. National Standards for inflammatory bowel disease care (2013) defined the number of nurse specialists required at 1.5 full time equivalent per 250,000 population. The aim of this study was to determine if these standards were being met and to publish a new, robust validated standard optimising the UK nursing workforce model. Methods Existing national data and specific workload and service data was collected from 164 IBD specialist nurses who completed a questionnaire designed to collect information on activity and complexity of work both done and undone. Results Data was received from all of the UK. Thirty-six percent of respondents were specialist nurses in the field for 3 years or less. A higher caseload than the recommended level was reported by 63% of respondents. Unpaid overtime was regularly carried out by 84%of respondents. The IBD specialist nurse was involved in all areas of the patient pathway. Areas of work left undone were psychological interventions, prescribing medicines and physical assessments. Conclusions Compared to other specialties IBD specialist nurses are less experienced. It is recommended that the current standard be increased to 2.5 full time equivalent specialist nurses per 250,000. patients to mitigate for the increasing complexity of the role, care and the “rookie” factor. Keywords: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Specialist Nurse, Workforce Modellin

Nitrogenous fertilisers for cereals in different rotations. Results from 1989 trials.

Trial 78BA1 Nitrogen fertiliser requirement in alternate crop - pasture rotation. Location: Badgingarra Research Station. Trial 88B4 Effect of amount and quality of organic matter residues on response to N. Location: Badgingarra Research Station. Trial 86WH36, 86M44 Lupin/wheat rotation. Location: Wongan Hills Research Station, Carrabin Research Station. Trail 87N084, 86M39, 86ME64, 87N25, 87KA49 Pea/wheat rotation. Location: Konnongorring, Merredin Research Station, Narembeen, Newdegate Research Station, Nyabing

Nitrogenous fertiliser requirements in different cropping rotations - 1979 results

Nitrogen requirement of wheat after clover, lupins and cereal - 78C1, 78N1. Nitrogen requirement of barley after clover, lupins and cereal - 78E3. Nitrogen fertiliser requirement in alternate crop-pasture rotation. Botanical composition of Pasture blocks (Sampled 16/9/79) - 78BA1. Pasture Blocks (Sampled 3/9/79) - 78WH2

Continuous variable entanglement of phase locked light beams

We explore in detail the possibility of intracavity generation of continuous-variable (CV) entangled states of light beams under mode phase-locked conditions. We show that such quantum states can be generated in self-phase locked nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator (NOPO) based on a type-II phase-matched down-conversion combined with linear mixer of two orthogonally polarized modes of the subharmonics in a cavity. A quantum theory of this device, recently realized in the experiment, is developed for both sub-threshold and above-threshold operational regimes. We show that the system providing high level phase coherence between two generated modes, unlike to the ordinary NOPO, also exhibits different types of quantum correlations between photon numbers and phases of these modes. We quantify the CV entanglement as two-mode squeezing and show that the maximal degree of the integral two-mode squeezing(that is 50% relative to the level of vacuum fluctuations) is achieved at the pump field intensity close to the generation threshold of self-phase locked NOPO, provided that the constant of linear coupling between the two polarizations is much less than the mode detunings. The peculiarities of CV entanglement for the case of unitary, non-dissipative dynamics of the system under consideration is also cleared up

Shock Geometry and Spectral Breaks in Large SEP Events

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are traditionally classified as "impulsive" or "gradual." It is now widely accepted that in gradual SEP events, particles are accelerated at coronal mass ejection-driven (CME-driven) shocks. In many of these large SEP events, particle spectra exhibit double power law or exponential rollover features, with the break energy or rollover energy ordered as (Q/A)^α, with Q being the ion charge in e and A the ion mass in units of proton mass m_p . This Q/A dependence of the spectral breaks provides an opportunity to study the underlying acceleration mechanism. In this paper, we examine how the Q/A dependence may depend on shock geometry. Using the nonlinear guiding center theory, we show that α ~ 1/5 for a quasi-perpendicular shock. Such a weak Q/A dependence is in contrast to the quasi-parallel shock case where α can reach 2. This difference in α reflects the difference of the underlying parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficients κ_(||) and κ ⊥. We also examine the Q/A dependence of the break energy for the most general oblique shock case. Our analysis offers a possible way to remotely examine the geometry of a CME-driven shock when it is close to the Sun, where the acceleration of particle to high energies occurs

Nitrogenous fertiliser requirements in different cropping rotations 1981 results

Nitrogen Requirement of Wheat After Clover, Lupins and Cereal – 78C1, 80BA3, 78N1. Nitrogen Requirement of Barley After Clover, Lupins and Non Legume – 78E3. Nitrogen Fertiliser Requirement in Alternate Crop-Pasture Rotation – 78BA1, 78WH2. Nitrogen Fertiliser Requirement in a Lupin - Wheat Rotation – 81LG29

Nitrogenous fertiliser requirements in different cropping rotations

Nitrogen requirement of wheat after clover, lupins and cereal – 78C1, 80BA3. Nitrogen requirement of barley after clover, lupins and non legume crop – 78E3. Nitrogen fertiliser requirements in a lupin-wheat rotation – 81LG29. Nitrogen fertiliser requirement in alternate crop-pasture rotation – 78BA1, 78WH2. Yield response of wheat to lupin nitrogen – 83LG66

Nitrogenous fertiliser requirements in different cropping rotations 1981 results

Nitrogen Requirement of Wheat After Clover, Lupins and Cereal – 78C1, 80BA3, 78N1. Nitrogen Requirement of Barley After Clover, Lupins and Non Legume – 78E3. Nitrogen Fertiliser Requirement in Alternate Crop-Pasture Rotation – 78BA1, 78WH2. Nitrogen Fertiliser Requirement in a Lupin - Wheat Rotation – 81LG29

On Exceptional Vertex Operator (Super) Algebras

We consider exceptional vertex operator algebras and vertex operator superalgebras with the property that particular Casimir vectors constructed from the primary vectors of lowest conformal weight are Virasoro descendents of the vacuum. We show that the genus one partition function and characters for simple ordinary modules must satisfy modular linear differential equations. We show the rationality of the central charge and module lowest weights, modularity of solutions, the dimension of each graded space is a rational function of the central charge and that the lowest weight primaries generate the algebra. We also discuss conditions on the reducibility of the lowest weight primary vectors as a module for the automorphism group. Finally we analyse solutions for exceptional vertex operator algebras with primary vectors of lowest weight up to 9 and for vertex operator superalgebras with primary vectors of lowest weight up to 17/2. Most solutions can be identified with simple ordinary modules for known algebras but there are also four conjectured algebras generated by weight two primaries and three conjectured extremal vertex operator algebras generated by primaries of weight 3, 4 and 6 respectively.Comment: 37 page