Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Sailors During One Month of Extensive Physical Training

The present study was conducted to determine nutritional requirements during extensive physical training by sailors of Indian Navy. A total of 37 sailors who were undergoing physical trainers course at training establishment of Indian Navy participated in this study. Energy expenditure, energy intakes, nutrient status and body composition changes during one month of training were recorded. Mean energy expenditure was found to be 4035 ±733 kcal/day and an average intake of 4478 ±340 kcal/day with sufficient amount of micro and macronutrients. The level of vitamin and minerals in blood and their excretion were in the normal range. Body composition was also maintained with a marginal decrease in body fat content. Increase in grip strength of passive hand was observed (Basal: 41.5 ± 8.8 kg, after 1 month of training:  46.5 ± 6.1 kg). Results indicate adequate nutritional support from the diet and positive effects of the training on healt

Assessing Readiness of Community Pharmacists to Identify Intimate Partner Violence

Class of 2022 Abstract, Report and PosterSpecific Aims: To characterize and describe pharmacist reported barriers to identifying patients experiencing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). To examine the relationship between various demographics and community pharmacists’ willingness and ability to identify patients experiencing intimate partner violence in their community practice. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that used data obtained through an online questionnaire of community pharmacists. All the community pharmacy-based preceptors registered with the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy currently practicing were included. Main Results: Gender and education level were not a significant factor in pharmacists' perceived knowledge about IPV. For actual knowledge, regarding gender, there were significant differences in terms of females correctly identifying depression as a warning sign of patient having been abused by their partner (p = 0.04), while those with a PharmD were able to identify anxiety as a warning sign compared to B.S. (p = 0.02). Most pharmacists screened agreed with the statements that they were simply too busy to assist on multidisciplinary teams that manage IPV cases (N=12, 60.0%), agreed that screening for IPV may offend those who were screened (N=15, 68.2%), and were not able to gather the information necessary to identify IPV as causes for medication utilization (N=11, 64.7%). Conclusions: The survey was beneficial in determining that IPV training and higher education is integral in identifying IPV and helping victims of IPV. More IPV training is needed by pharmacists, but this study is an important steppingstone in evaluating the necessity of training for pharmacists to assist patients who are facing IPV.This item is part of the Pharmacy Student Research Projects collection, made available by the College of Pharmacy and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact Jennifer Martin, Librarian and Clinical Instructor, Pharmacy Practice and Science, [email protected]

Deciphering Biochemical and Molecular Signatures Associated with Obesity in Context of Metabolic Health

This study aims to identify the clinical and genetic markers related to the two uncommon nutritional statuses—metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUNW) and metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHOW) individuals in the physically active individuals. Physically active male volunteers (n = 120) were recruited, and plasma samples were analyzed for the clinical parameters. Triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance were considered as markers of metabolic syndrome. The subjects were classified as ‘healthy’ (0 metabolic abnormalities) or ‘unhealthy’ (≥1 metabolic abnormalities) in their respective BMI group with a cut-off at 24.9 kg/m2. Analysis of biochemical variables was done using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits with further confirmation using western blot analysis. The microarray was conducted, followed by quantitative real-time PCR to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The MHOW group constituted 12.6%, while the MUNW group constituted 32.4% of the total study population. Pro-inflammatory markers like interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and ferritin were increased in metabolically unhealthy groups in comparison to metabolically healthy groups. Gene expression profiling of MUNW and MHOW individuals resulted in differential expression of 7470 and 5864 genes, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) biological pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of the ‘JAK/STAT signaling pathway’ in MUNW and ‘The information-processing pathway at the IFN-β enhancer′ pathway in MHOW. The G6PC3 gene has genetically emerged as a new distinct gene showing its involvement in insulin resistance. Biochemical, as well as genetic analysis, revealed that MUNW and MHOW are the transition state between healthy and obese individuals with simply having fewer metabolic abnormalities. Moreover, it is possible that the state of obesity is a biological adaptation to cope up with the unhealthy parameters