Institutional Response to Crisis

The Institutional Response to Crisis panel focuses on analyzing and understanding institutions and the crises they might face, more specifically the limits and opportunities for preparing for a crisis, responding to crises, and the long-term consequences of crises. The panelists provide both theoretical analyses and specific, personal experiences to discuss these points. As panel moderator Noah Pickus, the director of the Kenan Institute for Ethics at Duke University stated in his opening: Crises are no rare thing in human history and it seems as if of late we turn around everyday and there\u27s another one that stares us in the face. Questions/themes/discussion topics Should institutions respond to crises? How do institutions respond to crises? Response to crisis as a springboard for long term change within an institution Leadership opportunities within a crisi

State of the science 60th anniversary review

No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60971/1/23643_ftp.pd

Socio-economic class, rurality and risk of cutaneous melanoma by site and gender in Sweden

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a cancer usually associated with high socio-economic level in the literature. Few studies have, however, assessed this relationship by gender and site or the association between CM and rurality.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A major-sized historical occupational Swedish cohort comprising 2,992,166 workers was used to estimate relative risk of cutaneous melanoma, broken down by gender and anatomical site, for occupational sectors (as a proxy of socio-economic class) and rurality. To this end, Poisson models were fitted for each site in men and women, including occupational sector and town size, with adjustment for age, period of diagnosis and geographical area as possible confounding factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>White collar workers presented a marked increased of risk in men in all melanoma cases, as well as in trunk, upper and lower limbs. This pattern was less clear for women, in which some heterogeneity appeared, as low risks in lower socioeconomic sectors in trunk, or risk excesses in white collar workers in lower limbs did not achieve statistical significance. Males also showed significant differences in risk by rural/urban distribution, but in women this association was limited to CM of lower limb. Risk of CM of head/neck did not vary by occupational sector or town size, thus depicting a specific epidemiological profile, which proved common to both sexes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>While differences in risk between men and women could suggest greater homogeneity in UV-exposure behaviour among women, the uniform risk pattern in head and neck melanoma, present in both sexes, might support the coexistence of different aetiological pathways, related to anatomical site.</p

Revitalizing Tunisian Tourism: Identifying A Sustainable Approach

Often considered the lone success story emanating from the events of the Arab Spring in 2011, Tunisia has struggled to maintain democratic and economic successes. Tourism has long served a dual purpose for the Tunisian state — projecting cultural relevance abroad and augmenting economic progress — but has floundered in the 21st century due to a range of unpreventable crises and preventable bureaucratic shortcomings and mismanagement. This thesis reviews important and relevant historical, political, and economic events, analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the current state approach to tourism, considers strategies from other countries in the region, and offers a range of short-term and long-term recommendations for bolstering tourism planning, infrastructure, messaging, and marketing. This thesis finds that despite Tunisia’s celebrated transition to democracy post-Arab Spring, its tourism sector remains underdeveloped and hampered by numerous systemic challenges that hinder diversification and sectoral development. Despite long-articulated goals of diversifying away from its traditional mass beach tourism offerings, this thesis identifies a continuing reliance on all-inclusive beach resort packages and an inability to capture increased visitor-spending compared to Mediterranean competitors. Proposing several recommendations to accelerate Tunisia’s path towards expanded and diversified tourism experiences, this thesis offers strategies for harnessing advanced analytics and emerging marketing techniques, improving the quality and accessibility of cultural and heritage assets, overhauling dated or non-existent accommodation and transportation infrastructure, lessening the industry’s sustainable footprint through community-informed frameworks, and reforms focused on the industry’s stifling regulatory bureaucracy

Independence vs. Accountability: Correcting the Structural Defects in the National Endowment for the Arts

Politics has moved to center stage in the arts world. It has been almost twenty-seven years since Congress established the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) as part of the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act of 1965 (Act). Since then, the NEA has faced a variety of challenges, but none like the one which unfolded during the last four years in Washington, D.C. During this time, the very existence of the organization has been at issue

Do sex and site matter? Different age distribution in melanoma of the trunk among Swedish men and women

BACKGROUND: Recent research on cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) points to the coexistence of several biological pathways linked to the anatomical site of the lesion, which could lead to this neoplasm. Although the different anatomical distribution of CMM by sex is usually attributed to gender-specific patterns of sun exposure, it has been suggested that an alternative explanation might lie in gender-specific site susceptibility. OBJECTIVES: This paper aimed at analysing the age distribution of CMM by site and sex to gain in-depth knowledge of differences between the sexes. METHODS: Using a large Swedish cohort comprising 2 992 166 workers, Poisson models were fitted to estimate age-specific incidence rates by site and sex, duly adjusted for several factors that might account for changes in environmental exposures (period, birth cohort, socioeconomic level, latitude and rurality). RESULTS: Incidence rates were 17.4 cases per 100 000 person-years in men and 16.5 in women. Sex differences were particularly striking for CMM of the trunk, where both crude and adjusted incidence rates displayed a steady increase with age in men, but reached a plateau in women at around four cases per 100 000 person-years from the 40-45-year age group (perimenopausal period) upwards. There was an almost fivefold increase in the sex ratio for this body site between the younger and older age groups, a difference which could not be attributed to period or cohort effects. CONCLUSIONS: If different aetiological pathways can be assumed to lead to melanoma, then disparities between men and women, particularly in CMM of the trunk, suggest that a possible interaction between site and sex should be borne in mind.S