コンビナトリアル・ヒスチジン・スキャニングによるタンパク質間相互作用のpH感受性変換

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学客員教授 本田 真也, 東京大学教授 津本 浩平, 東京大学教授 伊藤 耕一, 東京大学准教授 富田 野乃, 東京理科大学教授 和田 猛University of Tokyo(東京大学

Semantic Scene Difference Detection in Daily Life Patroling by Mobile Robots using Pre-Trained Large-Scale Vision-Language Model

It is important for daily life support robots to detect changes in their environment and perform tasks. In the field of anomaly detection in computer vision, probabilistic and deep learning methods have been used to calculate the image distance. These methods calculate distances by focusing on image pixels. In contrast, this study aims to detect semantic changes in the daily life environment using the current development of large-scale vision-language models. Using its Visual Question Answering (VQA) model, we propose a method to detect semantic changes by applying multiple questions to a reference image and a current image and obtaining answers in the form of sentences. Unlike deep learning-based methods in anomaly detection, this method does not require any training or fine-tuning, is not affected by noise, and is sensitive to semantic state changes in the real world. In our experiments, we demonstrated the effectiveness of this method by applying it to a patrol task in a real-life environment using a mobile robot, Fetch Mobile Manipulator. In the future, it may be possible to add explanatory power to changes in the daily life environment through spoken language.Comment: Accepted to 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2023

Comparison of Mid-term Angiographic and Clinical Outcomes Following Zotarolimus-eluting Stent and Paclitaxel-eluting Stent Implantation Based on Lesion Complexity

First-generation drug-eluting stents (DESs) have reduced angiographic and clinical restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents (BMSs). Zotarolimus-eluting stents (ZESs) are second-generation drug-eluting stents: however, the clinical efficacy of ZES implantation is unclear because late loss associated with ZESs is reportedly higher than that observed for other DESs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ZESs compared to paclitaxel-eluting stents (PESs). We retrospectively evaluated the angiographic and clinical outcomes of 431 lesions in 342 patients treated with PESs and 153 lesions in 121 patients treated with ZESs in our hospital between May 2007 and December 2010. Follow-up angiographic examinations were performed eight months post-treatment and clinical outcomes were assessed one year after the procedure. Quantitative coronary angiographic analyses showed that late loss was significantly higher for ZESs than PESs (0.82 ± 0.73 mm vs 0.47 ± 0.68 mm; P = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference in target lesion revascularization (TLR) between the two groups (ZES: 15 lesions, 9.8% vs PES: 25 lesions, 5.8%; P = 0.092). When comparing stents according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) lesion type, the TLR rate in the ZES group was significantly lower than in the PES group (0% vs 7.0%; P = 0.038) for Type A/B1 lesions, but the TLR rate for type B2/C lesions in the ZES group was significantly higher than in the PES group (15.8% vs 5.3%; P = 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that dialysis (OR: 35.54; 95% CI: 3.15-400.67; P = 0.039) and pre-minimal lumen diameter (OR: 0.036; 95% CI: 0.002-0.541; P = 0.016) were independent predictors of TLR in ZES-treated lesions. However, no factors predicted TLR in PES-treated lesions. Our study demonstrated excellent outcomes with ZESs for simple lesions, but it is necessary to carefully implant ZESs in complex lesions, such as ACC/AHA type B2/C lesions

Risk Factors for Restenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Sirolimus- and Paclitaxel-eluting Stents

To identify risk factors for restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention with sirolimus (SES)- or paclitaxel (PES)-eluting stents. The clinical outcomes of 894 patients treated with either SES (n = 462) or PES (n = 432) between January 2005 and January 2010 were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long ( > 20mm)(odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-3.33; P = 0.03) or bent (angle > 45°) lesions (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.47- 4.49; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for restenosis with SES, and that hemodialysis (OR, 7.61; 95% CI, 2.78- 20.85; P < 0.01) and long (OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.18-5.84; P = 0.02) or bent lesions (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.65-7.27;P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for target lesion revascularization (TLR) with SES. In contrast, no independent risk factors for restenosis and TLR were found for lesions treated with PES. The rate of TLR was significantly higher in patients on hemodialysis or in those with long lesions in the SES group (hemodialysis, 30.4% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.02; long lesions, 13.2% vs. 4.4%, P < 0.01; for SES vs. PES, respectively). Rates of restenosis and TLR were significantly higher in patients with bent lesions in the SES group (restenosis, 30.8% vs. 15.6%, P < 0.01; TLR, 20.0% vs. 5.8%, P < 0.01; for SES and PES, respectively). Most clinical studies have described better angiographic results for SES compared to PES. However, PES might result in better clinical outcomes than SES for patients on hemodialysis or for those with long or bent lesions

Association of Dietary Acid Load with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Participants in Baseline Survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study

The association between dietary acid load and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been fully investigated. A cross-sectional study was performed on 14,042 men and 14,105 women (aged 35–69 years) who participated in a baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study. Dietary acid load was assessed using the net-endogenous-acid-production (NEAP) score that is closely correlated with the rate of renal net acid excretion. MetS was diagnosed according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria of 2009 using body-mass index instead of waist circumference. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher NEAP scores were associated with a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of MetS, obesity, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose. These associations remained significant after further adjustment for carbohydrate intake or two nutrient-pattern scores significantly associated with MetS. After adjustment for fiber, iron, potassium, and vitamin pattern scores, the OR of MetS for the highest quartile of NEAP scores, relative to the lowest quartile, was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.12–1.39). There was no significant interaction between sex, age, or body-mass index and NEAP. Higher dietary acid load was associated with a higher prevalence of MetS and several of its components, independently of carbohydrate intake or nutrient patterns

Breastfeeding history and metabolic syndrome in parous women

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between breastfeeding and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling parous women and to clarify whether the associations depend on age. Methods The present cross-sectional study included 11,118 women, aged 35–69 years. Participants’ longest breastfeeding duration for one child and their number of breastfed children were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire, and their total breastfeeding duration was approximated as a product of the number of breastfed children and the longest breastfeeding duration. The longest and the total breastfeeding durations were categorized into none and tertiles above 0 months. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia) were defined as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Associations between breastfeeding history and metabolic syndrome or each cardiovascular risk factor were assessed using multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results Among a total of 11,118 women, 10,432 (93.8%) had ever breastfed, and 1,236 (11.1%) had metabolic syndrome. In participants aged <55 years, an inverse dose–response relationship was found between the number of breastfed children and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 breastfed children were 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31 to 1.17), 0.50 (95% CI: 0.29 to 0.87), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24 to 0.84), and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.89), respectively. The longest and total breastfeeding durations of longer than 0 months were also associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome relative to no breastfeeding history in participants aged <55 years. In contrast, all measures of breastfeeding history were not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in participants aged ≥55 years old. Conclusions Breastfeeding history may be related to lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged parous women