Research on the Relation between Cast Iron and Oxygen. II : On the Mechanism of the Formation of White Cast Iron in the Presence of Carbide Forming Elements

Carbide forming elements were similar to oxygen for the formation of white (ast iron, although the amount required is greatly different from element to element. Hence, an analogous explanation was found to be applicable to the cases of carbide forming metals. This fact is collaborated by the experiments of reducing oxygen contents in cast iron melts containing carbide forming metals

Experimental Research on Super-Heating of Molten Cast Iron

The experiments were performed by melting cast iron in non-oxidizing atmosphere of Tammann furnace at temperatures between 1250 and 2000℃. With the rise of melting temperature, the graphite structure of the specimens became fine and such changes are analogous to those of the structure changes due to reducing slags such as CaC_2, deoxidizing metallic elements such as Ca, Mg or vacuum melting. At low melting temperature, the structure was apt to be varied by specimens, even if their chemical compositions were equal, but at the temperature of super-heated melting, fine granular graphite structure appeared regardless of the chemical composition of specimens

Effect of Dietary Protein Restriction and Nutritional Assessment on Early-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy.

We evaluated the effects of a protein-limited diet on renal function, urinary albumin excretion and nutritional status of 16 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (11 males and 5 females, mean age 60.5 years) had a urinary albumin excretion rate of between 15 and 200μg/min and were c1assified into two groups : group Ⅰ patients were placed on a protein-limited diet (0.77g/kg/day), and group Ⅱ followed a conventional diabetic diet (1.33g/kg/day). After six months, the value of creatinine c1earance was significantly reduced in group Ⅰ, but urinary albumin excretion did not change in either group. Anthropometric measurements revealed no significant change in body weight, body mass index, arm circumference or triceps skinfold thickness in either group during the study period, but the arm musc1ec ircumference significantly increased in group Ⅰ. No significant differences were observed in either group with regard to serum level of protein, in c1uding total protein, albumin, prealbumin or transferrin, In conc1usion, a protein-limited diet was useful for prevention of diabetic nephropathy in patients with early-stage diabetic nephropathy

Intergranular Corrosion in Stabilized 310 Stainless Steel

The intergranular corrosion in stabilized 310 stainless steel polycrystals has been investigated from a view point of crystallographic structure of the grain boundary. The relative orientation of each grain was characterized by the Coincidence Site Lattice (CLS) model, and the Plane Matching model. For the quantitative characterization of corrosion, a scanning electron microscope with two secondary electron detectors was used to provide the profile of the corrosion groove. It was found that Σ= 3 boundaries and some certain CSL boundaries have a high resistance against the intergranular corrosion. The “random” boundaries were corroded in a different extent, particularly high corrosivity. It is concluded that the grain boundaries having low Σ-values do not necessarily provide low corrosivity. It is shown that the dissolution rate depending on the surface orientation of grains also plays an important role in the morphology of intergranular corrosion, and was found to be lowest at (100) and increases as the surface normal changes towards (110), and more so towards (111)

Soft Tissue Myoepithelioma of the Shoulder

Soft tissue myoepitheliomas are often misdiagnosed due to their rarity. Herein, we describe a case of soft tissue myoepithelioma of the shoulder. A 72-year-old woman had a suspected sarcoma on her shoulder and under-went open biopsy. She was referred to our hospital, where the tumor was widely resected and the diagnosis of myoepithelioma was histologically confirmed. No recurrence has been observed in the 3 years since the sur-gery. Careful and prompt planning is necessary for the effective treatment of myoepithelioma

Refining Method for Refining Cast Iron by the Electrolysis of Slag

Original researches on the refining method of cast iron by the electrolysis of slag will be described in this paper. Cast iron is not so easily reduced as steel that strong deoxidizing reagents, such as alkali, alkali earth metals and Mg, are necessary to reduce cast iron melts satisfactorily. Charging positive voltage to slag and negative voltage to melt, the electrolysis was made of slag which covered the surface of cast iron melt ; then, the melt could be reduced, resulting in the nodular graphite structure. The electrolysis was performed for 10～30 minutes at 1,250℃～1,350℃. Slag such as fluorides, chlorides, carbonates, oxides of alkali, alkali earth metals or Mg, seem to be applicable to the refining method