U-Net-Based Segmentation of Microscopic Images of Colorants and Simplification of Labeling in the Learning Process

Colored product textures correspond to particle size distributions. The microscopic images of colorants must be divided into regions to determine the particle size distribution. The conventional method used for this process involves manually dividing images into areas, which may be inefficient. In this paper, we have overcome this issue by developing two different modified architectures of U-Net convolution neural networks to automatically determine the particle sizes. To develop these modified architectures, a significant amount of ground truth data must be prepared to train the U-Net, which is difficult for big data as the labeling is performed manually. Therefore, we also aim to reduce this process by using incomplete labeling data. The first objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of our modified U-Net architectures for this type of image. The second objective is to reduce the difficulty of preparing the ground truth data by testing the accuracy of training on incomplete labeling data. The results indicate that efficient segmentation can be realized using our modified U-Net architectures, and the generation of ground truth data can be simplified. This paper presents a preliminary study to improve the efficiency of determining particle size distributions with incomplete labeling data

P- and S-Wave Seismic Reflection Profiling Across the Kamishiro Fault, Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line Active Fault System, Central Japan

The Kamishiro fault forms the northern-most part of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) active fault system. This fault displaced young lake deposits in the Kamishiro basin, and the shallow (less than 20m) structure of the fault and an average long-term vertical slip rate of 2.2－2.7m/kyr were revealed by drilling and geomorphological investigations. To reveal the subsurface structure of this fault system and estimate long-term net slip rate, we carried out S- and P-wave high-resolution shallow seismic reflection profiling across the Kamishiro fault. The S-wave seismic line is 200m, the receiver point intervals are 1m, and the shot point intervals are 2m. We used a 192-channel seismic system with a mini-vibrator to image the depth range of 5 to 70m. The P-wave seismic line is 2.1km, the receiver point intervals are 10m, and the shot point intervals are 10m. We used a 176-channel seismic system with a mini-vibrator to image the depth range of 50 to 800m. From these experiments, it is clarified that the Kamishiro fault cut and fold the lacustrine deposit. The deformation is associated with fault development near the surface. Given the dip angle of the Kamishiro fault determined by S-wave seismic profiling to be approximately 30°, the average dip slip-rate is calculated to be 4.4-5.4m/kyr. And, the Kamishiro fault corresponds to cutting across the anticline rather than the deformation front on the P-wave seismic profile. The fold is related to blind thrust fault, fold propagation fold, or drag structure