食物繊維共存下での米飯摂取後の血糖応答に関する研究

昭和女子大学201

〔研究ノート〕災害時を想定した食器および調理器具の洗浄方法─洗浄条件の違いがタンパク質の残留に与える影響─

　　We tested several ways of cleaning tableware and cookware after preparing and eating meals under disaster conditions, with special attention to conserving water when rinsing. To measure the amount of residual protein left on the tableware and cookware after washing, we conducted biuret tests and semi-quantitative measurements. The five meals prepared were cheese risotto, custard pudding, steamed buns, udon noodles in broth, and stir-fried udon noodles. The tableware and cookware were cleaned in six different ways.1 When rinsed with water alone, we detected at least 10µg of residual protein on all tested items.2 When cleaned with dish soap and water, a lesser amount of residual protein was detected compared to rinsing with water alone, although unhygienic quantities of protein remained.3 When soaked in water and cleaned with dish soap and rinsed, except for very sticky cups that had held custard pudding from which we detected 10–100µg of residual protein, this method was effective in keeping hygienic protein levels.4 When wiped with a paper towel before scouring with dish soap and rinsing with water, 10–100µg of residual protein was detected in the custard pudding cup and on the tableware used for steamed buns before heating; however, this method was effective in keeping hygienic protein levels in all the other items.5 When wiped with a wet paper towel before scouring with dish soap and rinsing with water, 100–1000µg of residual protein was detected in frying pans that had been used to prepare the cheese risotto and stir-fried noodles and custard pudding cups that had been heated, and 10–100µg of residual protein was detected in the tableware used for steamed buns before heating; however, this method was effective in achieving hygienic protein levels in all the other items.6 When scraped with a spatula and then soaked in water and cleaned with dish soap and rinsed with water at 10℃, hygienic levels were achieved for saucers that had contained residual custard pudding liquid but had not been heated, frying pans that had been used for noodles in broth, and tableware that had held fried noodles. Further, in the same way, when rinsed in water at 20℃, custard pudding cups that had been heated achieved a hygienic level of residual protein.　　In conclusion, the results showed that the sanitation levels were the highest when tableware and cookware had been soaked in water, scoured with dish soap, and rinsed with water. However, this method is likely to be difficult to employ when there is a limited water supply. Although results will vary depending on the type of food, whether it was heated or not, and the type of cookware/tableware used, wiping with a dry paper towel to remove bulk residue and scouring with dish soap, and rinsing with water seemed to be most effective in achieving hygienic results

ベトナム農村部および都市部における食事摂取状況調査

The purpose of the present study is to clarify the existence of problems related to eating habits and nutritional insufficiency in Vietnamese urban and farm village inhabitants, and to get information that can aid in making nutritional improvements. From the food-frequency questionnaire and household economy survey, we learned that households in a Vietnamese farm village are different from those in an urban region in several ways: 1) they have relatively big families, 2) there are few seniors, 3) they have few kinds of kitchen utensils, 4) they dont have electrical appliances such as refrigerators and electric rice cookers, 5) they use well water and rainwater for washing, drinking and cooking, 6) their staple food is rice, 7) they tend not to eat tubers, peanuts, corn, and wheat, 8) they customarily eat pork and chicken but hardly consume any beef or dairy products, 9) they eat tofu comparatively frequently, 10) they eat vegetables every day but do not eat fruits frequently, 11) the average body mass index (BMI) of residents between 10-19 years old was low: 16.2±2.0. Using these results, we considered the risk of inhabitants of the farm village area falling into malnutrition during periods of economic growth. No apparent risks were observed in the urban region. Nutrition education and nourishment guidance for the inhabitants in the farm village to improve their nutritional status are necessary. In particular, it is necessary to increase the intake of potatoes, corn, wheat and grains other than rice in adulthood, and it is necessary for infants to take more calories and animal protein

骨の構造変化に対する大豆イソフラボン抽出物投与の影響 : 第2報 皮質骨における微小構造変化

食事性骨粗鬆症抑制因子としての大豆イソフラボンの有用性を骨構造解析から明らかにする目的で,骨粗鬆症モデルラットに2.5%大豆イソフラボン混合物添加食を12週間投与した。その結果,コントロール(OVX-CA群)に比べて大豆イソフラボン摂取群では,1)ラットの子宮重量は増加しなかった。2)CT値はほとんど影響を受けなかった。3)平均骨幅やランレングスなど,骨構造は増加しなかった。4)骨強度を示す指標であるSMI値およびPMI値は,いずれも高値傾向を示した。以上から,大豆イソフラボンは,骨密度増加効果とは別に骨強度維持に対して有効である可能性が示された。In order to elucidate the usefulness of dietary soybean-isoflavone as the anti-osteoporotic agent in the view of bone-microarchitectural analyses, experimental diet supplemented with 2.5% soybean-isoflavone (group OVX-IFH) were given to the ovariectomized adult rats for 12 weeks. Consequently, 1) No significant differences were observed in Euler, Run Length, CT-value, S-Areas, PM and B-thickness in cortical bone of soybean-isoflavone treated rats than that of the control rats. 2) Relatively higher values in SMI and PMI value in the cortical bone of soybean-isoflavone treated rats than that of the control rats were observed in the distal femur. From these results, we concluded that the soybean-isoflavone has beneficial effects on maintaining the mechanical strength of femoral cortical-bone in OVX rats, even though the condition under bone mineral had not increased

大豆イソフラボン抽出物が骨代謝調節に及ぼす影響 : ラット大腿骨遠位端における破骨細胞分化関連遺伝子の発現

イソフラボンの骨量低下抑制作用の作用機序を解明する目的で骨粗鬆症モデルラットに,2週間,大豆イソフラボン抽出物添加食を与え,骨に及ぼす大豆イソフラボン摂取の影響および大腿骨におけるBMP-2,OPGのmRNA発現に対する影響を観察した。その結果,コントロール群に比べて大豆イソフラボン摂取群では,(1)ラットの子宮重量およびその他の臓器重量を増加しなかった。(2)ラットの腰椎骨密度および骨塩量は高くなる傾向を示した。(3)BMP-2のmRNA発現の抑制が観察された。(4)OPGのmRNA発現の促進がみられた。以上の結果から,食餌イソフラボンの骨量低下抑制作用は,OPGによる破骨細胞形成抑制によってもたらされていることが,in vivoの実験で示唆された。The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism that prevents the bone resorption by isoflavone in the rat. Ovariectomized osteoporosis model rats were given an experimental diet supplemented with 0% (OVX-CA, sham), 1.0% soybean isoflavone (OVX-IFH), 0.5% soybean isoflavone (OVX-IFL) for 12 weeks. As a result, dietary isoflavone showed that 1) the weight of the uterus and other organs was not increased. 2) higher femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were observed. 3) BMP-2 and OPG mRNA expression were increased. From these results, the authors suggest that the reduced osteoclastogenesis might be due to OPG expression by dietary isoflavone

〔報 文〕シイタケ子実体のスーパーオキシドジスムターゼの精製と諸性質

Crude extract of Lentinus edodes(L. edodes)contained more than three kinds of superoxide dismutases(SODs)which were distinguished electrophoretically. All of these were found to be insensitive to H2O2 and cyanide. A centrifugal study of the crude extract in 0.25M sucrose solution revealed that most of the SOD activities are located in the cytoplasmic fraction. We purified one of these superoxide dismutases from pilei of L. edodes to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DE-32 ion-exchange, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and Butyl-toyopearl hydrophobic chromatographies. The purified enzyme showed that a single protein band coincided with the single SOD activity band in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE). The purified SOD showed a single band in PAGE in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS-PAGE)and its subunit molecular weight was estimated to 23±0.5kDa. The subunit molecular weight of SOD was also estimated by LC-MS analysis to be 22,184Da. Using the sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation method the molecular mass of native SOD was estimated to be 84,240Da. These observations suggest that the enzyme is a tetramer composed of subunits of equal size. Metal analysis of the native enzymes revealed 0.64g-atoms Mn per mole subunit in the preparations whose specific activity were 3500U/mg. Direct analysis of N-terminal amino acid of this enzyme by Edman degradation using a protein sequencer cannot detect any amino acid residue, but amino acid residue of N-terminal appeared as serine residue after the treatment of the enzyme with tetrafluoroacetic acid in a vapor phase at 60℃ for 10min. Therefore, the N-terminal amino acid was modified with acetyl group. The modification of N-terminal amino acid is the first example of Mn-SOD. Some of other physiological and biochemical properties of the enzyme were also investigated

生活活動強度からみた女子学生の体脂肪と生活態様の実態について

The investigation was carried out for female college students of 182 persons of this junior college in the weekday in June the end of month, 2003, and level of physical activity of the subject was calculated from the motion and time study, and 4 was classified into the new level of physical activity independence, each life aspect was compared and was examined. There were body weight and BMI, body fat percentage high, as level of physical activity was lighter in the result of the anthropometry. In the physique index, the result was reverse at index and BMI, body fat percentage of VFA (visceral fat cross section index) between level of physical actibity II and III. Though the average of the walking number was a top from the national level, the proportion of the person over 10,000 walks was little. And, the average of physical activity IV and level of III has exceeded 10,000 walks. In living hours, it was the time of "part time job", and there was a significant difference between level of physical activity I and II and III and IV. In the correlation of living hours, level of physical activity independence respectively. Factor analysis result of living hours proved the correlation of living hours. There was a person who in the frequency of the meat skipping, there was the significance between intensity of physical activity II and IV, and who in hoop and II, it does not skip meal almost at 80.3%. And then the supper hour was compared with level of physical activity I and II, and there were slowly III and IV. From the above fact, there was some abounding the walking number, as life activity which affects level of physical activity is a part time job, and as the time is longer. And, it seems to be future problem that in the group in which level of physical activity is low, it increases daily active mass, and that it positively advises the utilization of living hours which raise the life activity

Data from: Chimpanzees recognize their own delayed self-image

Unlike mirror self-recognition, recognizing one's own image in delayed video footage may indicate the presence of a concept of self that extends across time and space. While humans typically show this ability around 4 years of age, it is unknown whether this capacity is found in non-human animals. In this study, chimpanzees performed a modified version of the mark test to investigate whether chimpanzees could remove stickers placed on the face and head while watching live and delayed video images. The results showed that three of five chimpanzees consistently removed the mark in delayed-viewing conditions, while they removed the stickers much less frequently in control video conditions which lacked a link to their current state. These findings suggest that chimpanzees, like human children at the age of 4 years and more, can comprehend temporal dissociation in their concept of self