Numerical calculation of thermoreflectance coefficient of c-Si for wavelengths of 200-800 nm and temperatures of 300-500 K

In this paper, the thermoreflectance (TR) coefficient of c-Si is numerically calculated over the wavelength range of 200–800 nm and the temperature range of 300–500 K using a complex permittivity model that considers interband transitions and free carriers. The calculated results are in good agreement with literature values, and it is found that the temperature dependence of the TR coefficient is almost negligible at wavelengths above 500 nm. On the other hand, in the wavelength range of 200–500 nm, the TR coefficient depends strongly on the wavelength, and the temperature stability also changes significantly depending on the wavelength. This suggests that the wavelength of the probe light for TR measurement should be appropriately selected to realize high sensitivity and temperature stability, considering the constraints of the optical system and the temperature range of the sample

Usefulness of FDG, MET and FLT-PET Studies for the Management of Human Gliomas

The use of positron imaging agents such as FDG, MET, and FLT is expected to lead the way for novel applications toward efficient malignancy grading and treatment of gliomas. In this study, the usefulness of FDG, MET and FLT-PET images was retrospectively reviewed by comparing their histopathological findings. FDG, MET, and FLT-PET were performed in 27 patients with WHO grade IV, 15 patients with WHO grade III, and 12 patients with WHO grade II during 5.5 years. The resulting PET images were compared by measuring SUVs and T/N ratios (tumor to normal tissue ratios). Although there were no significant differences in FDG-PET, there were significant differences in the T/N ratios in the MET-PET between WHO grades II and IV and in the FLT-PET between the WHO grades III and IV. In glioblastoma patients, the SUVs of the areas depicted by MRI in the MET-PET were different from those SUVs in the FLT-PET. Importantly, the areas with high SUVs in both MET-PET and FLT-PET were also high in Ki-67 index and were histologically highly malignant. PET imaging is a noninvasive modality that is useful in determining a tumor area for removal as well as improving preoperative diagnosis for gliomas

細菌の培養実験を取り入れた保健の授業実践 : 感染症と人間 <第2部 教科研究>

感染症の原因となる病原体の多くは， 目に見えず存在が実感できないものである。しかし，それらは人間とともに生物界の一員として生態系の中で共存しているという視点を持つことで，耐性菌の間題や新興感染症• 再興感染症の間題の根本がより理解できると考える。そうした共存関係を理解させるために，私たちの周りに存在する細菌を採集して培養する実験をおこなって，その結果から「感染症と人間の関係」についてお互いに意見を出し合いながら考えを深めていく授業を構成し実施した。生徒は，積極的に実験に取り組み，「感染症と人間の関係」について考えを深め，「細菌との共生」「免疫力の向上」「生活習慣の重要性」といったキーワードをつかってそれぞれの考えを述べており，感染症を防ぐための行動選択や意思決定につながる授業であったと考える

体のしくみと薬について考える保健の授業 : 探究活動を通して <第2部 教科研究>

薬と正しく付き合うための思考力や実践力を育成するとともに，運動や食事などの生活習慣と健康に関する知識や理解を深めることを目指し保健の授業を実践した。その際，学習する知識や理解の内容や単元のつながりを整理し，「体のしくみ」に重点をおいた学習計画を作成した。また，思考力を高め実生活に生きる実践力を育むために，探究活動として4つの実験を取り入れ， 「体のしくみ」と「薬」について考察する時間を設けた。 その結果，各自がこれまでの生活を振り返り，改善点をみつけ，今後の薬との関わり方や生活の在り方について考える事ができるようになった。特に，探究活動は，学習した知識や理解を深めるだけでなく，多面的・複眼的な視点で考察することができ，思考力を高め実践力を育むのに大変効果的であることを確認できた

骨盤から姿勢を考える授業 : 首はね跳びへのアプローチ <第2部 教科研究>

体育授業における生徒の動きを観察すると，骨盤が後傾したまま動かすことができなかったり，肩甲骨周りも固まってきていたりするような状況が多々見受けられる。そこで，まず，骨盤の活性化を中心にした体つくりを取り入れて， 日頃の姿勢の見直しを図り，身体の使い方を考えさせることから始めた。これらの学習を基盤とし，その後の跳び箱運動（首はね跳び）にチャレンジする過程においても，準備運動などで骨盤から脊柱に連動する動きづくりから身体のしなやかさの向上を図り，自身の身体とじっくりと向き合い，その変化を感じながら取り組めるようにした。また，お互いの関わり合いを感じながら活動できるように，仲間同士の補助やアドバイス場面を多く設定した。このような場面設定や段階的な指導を丁寧に仕組み，「もう少しでできる」と思えるような体験を繰り返し味わわせることを大切にしながら技の習得に取り組ませ，中学1年生女子生徒にとっては難易度が高いと思われる「首はね跳び」に，みんなが安心してチャレンジできるような授業展開を工夫した。その結果，生徒は日常における自己の姿勢の状態について意識を高め，その改善を図りながら，授業中の運動場面へのつながりも考えるようになり，難易度の高い技に仲間とともに積極的にチャレンジすることができた

Pretreatment Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Biomarker for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Prior to Radical Cystectomy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Objectives : To evaluate the clinical benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy and to identify patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy and predictors of therapeutic response to it. Methods : In this prospective study, we enrolled 37 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (cT2-4aNanyM0). The primary endpoint was the pathological response rate at cystectomy after receiving neoadjuvant GC chemotherapy. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to determine predictive factors of pT0N0 and ≦pT1N0. The secondary endpoints were adverse events during chemotherapy, surgical complications, as well as overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival. Results : A mean of 2.7 cycles of neoadjuvant GC was administered. Pathological complete response (pT0N0), partial response (pTisN0/pT1N0), and pathological response (≦pT1N0) rates were 24.3%, 27.0%, and 5l.3%, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic adverse events were rare. Three-year overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival rates were 70.7%, 8l.3%, and 63.9%, respectively. Patients with pathological response (≦pT1N0) demonstrated a significantly improved 3-year overall survival rate (94.7% vs. 42.8%), disease-specific survival rate (94.7% vs.62.9%), and recurrence-free survival rate (80.6% vs.45.5%), compared with pathological non-responders (≦pT2Nany). Clinical stage cT2 and low pre-chemotherapy platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios were significant indicators of favorable pathological response to neoadjuvant Gc. Conclusions : Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using GC is safe and effective in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, Pretreatment clinical T2 stage and low platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios were predictive markers for successful neoadjuvant treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with GC