Nucleomeプログラミング は哺乳類生殖細胞系譜における分化全能性の基盤構築に必須である

京都大学新制・論文博士博士(医学)乙第13566号論医博第2293号新制||医||1068(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 柊, 卓志, 教授 篠原, 隆司, 教授 後藤, 慎平学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Late-Time Entropy Production and Relic Abundances of Neutralinos

Many models possess unwanted relics, which should be diluted by entropy production just before the big-bang nucleosynthesis. A field responsible for the entropy production may produce stable weakly interacting massive particles, if kinematically accessible. We compute their relic abundances by integrating out coupled equations numerically. Applying our results to supersymmetric standard models, we argue that the neutralino lightest superparticles will overclose the universe in most of the parameter space if the reheat temperature is of the order of 10 MeV.Comment: LaTeX2e, 11 pages, 2 figure

DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL NUMBER OF RIGID-BODY SEGMENTS TO REPRESENT THE TRUNK USING AKAIKE’S INFORMATION CRITERION

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal number of rigid body segments to sufficiently represent the trunk movements, using Akaike’s information criterion. The trunk in static and dynamic conditions was modelled with one, two, three, or six linked rigid-body representations. The difference in the three-dimensional position between the actual and modelled data was calculated to quantify how well these models describe the actual trunk kinematics. The Akaike’s information criterion was calculated using the difference in position data to evaluate the goodness-of-fit for each model. Our findings suggest that two-linked rigid-body representation may be good enough when analysing trunk movements except when the movement includes a large axial rotation, for which the three-linked rigid-bodies would be better. These results would be useful in determining the optimal number of rigid body representation to sufficiently represent the trunk movements

Optimized protocol to derive germline stem-cell-like cells from mouse pluripotent stem cells

Male germ-cell development comprises primordial germ-cell (PGC) development, spermatogonium differentiation, and ensuing spermatogenesis. We present a step-by-step protocol for differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into germline stem-cell-like cells (GSCLCs) via PGC-like cell and spermatogonium-like cell intermediates. The differentiation protocol has higher fidelity than our previous protocol. Upon transplantation into testes in vivo or culture for testis transplants, GSCLCs robustly contribute to spermatogenesis, providing a paradigm for PSC-based reconstitution of mammalian male germ-cell development

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TRACK START POSITiONS ON HORIZONTAL TAKE-OFF VELOCITY OF WHOLE-SODY CENTER OF MASS IN SWIMMING: A SlMUALTION STUDY

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different track start positions on horizontal take-off velocity of the whole-body center of mass (COM) in swimming. The whole body was modeled as linked rigid-body segments to simulate the track start performance, and a simulation was performce with two different track start positions, with the COM positioned at the rear and low level (RL), and at the front and high level (FH). The results demonstrated that the horizontal take-off velocity was faster for the RL than the FH. The hip joint moments were larger for the RL than the FH on both front and rear legs. Therefore, the COM positioned at the rear and lower level for the track start would contribute to a greater hip joint moment generation, producing a greater horizontal velocity of the COM at take-off

Population-level transition of capsular polysaccharide types among sequence type 1 group B Streptococcus isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility during a long-term hospital epidemic

Over a 35-month period, group B Streptococcus isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility (PRGBS) were detected from elderly patients at a regional hospital in Japan, accompanying population-level transition of PRGBS serotypes. The genetic relatedness of 77 non-duplicate PRGBS from 73 patients was analysed. Serotype III PRGBS predominated (16 serotype III/1 serotype Ib) in the first 9 months (period I), then 3 serotype Ib isolates appeared transiently for the next 3 months (period II), which was replaced predominantly by serotype Ia (20 serotype Ia/1 serotype III/1 non-typeable) for 9 months (period III). In the last 14 months (period IV), besides 25 serotype Ia isolates, 10 serotype III were also identified. Serotypes III and Ia isolates, belonging to ST1, shared G329V, G398A, V405A and G429D substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 2X. Of three strains subjected to whole-genome sequencing, serotype III strain SU12 (period I) had a higher degree of genomic similarity with serotype Ia strain SU97 (period III) than serotype Ib strain SU67 (period II) based on average nucleotide identity and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Analysis of the cps gene clusters and the upstream and downstream flanking sequences revealed that disruption of the hyaluronidase gene located upstream of cpsY by insertion of IS 1548 was found in strain SU12, whereas Delta ISSag8 was inserted between tRNA-Arg and rpsA genes located downstream of cpsL in strain SU97. Interestingly, most serotype III PRGBS re-emerging in period IV had this tRNA-Arg-Delta ISSag8-rpsA region. Capsular switching and nosocomial transmission may possibly contribute to population-level serotype replacement among ST1 PRGBS isolates. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS.53(3):203-210(2019)journal articl

Anthropometrics, Lifestyle and BP

Background : High blood pressure (BP) is a healthcare problem in young persons. There are racial differences in anthropometrics, dietary habit and lifestyle relating to BP. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between anthropometrics, lifestyle and BP obtained in the Japanese university students. Materials and Methods : Participants were recruited in annual health screening including questionnaire, measurements of BP and anthropometrics calculating body mass index (BMI). Totally, 14,280 students (10,273 males and 4,007 females) were eligible. Multiple regression analyses were applied to predict contributors to high BP. Results : BMI was the most powerful contributor to high BP in many subgroups divided by gender and graduation (p < 0.001). In lifestyle, contribution of lack of exercise to high BPs was observed in the undergraduates. Smoking drinking and breakfast skipping had no significant impact on high BP. However, smoking and drinking permeated and exercise habit declined after graduation. Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg / m2) and hypertension ( ≥ 140 / 90 mmHg) increased in subgroups with advanced age (p < 0.001). Conclusion: BMI was found to be the most powerful contributor to high BPs. Health literacy to modify lifestyle is important to prevent hypertension for university students who are exposed to social trends of unhealthy lifestyle

An integrative taxonomic analysis reveals a new species of lotic Hynobius salamander from Japan

We examine the phylogenetic structure and morphological differentiation within the Hynobius kimurae–H. boulengeri species complex—a widely-distributed group of stream-breeding hynobiid salamanders, inhabiting montane areas of western, central and eastern parts of Honshu Island, Japan. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed based on analyses of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear (nuDNA) gene fragments for a total of 51 samples representing 23 localities covering the entire range of the species complex. Morphological study included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal components analysis (PCA) analyses of 26 morphometric and six meristic characters for 38 adult specimens of H. kimurae and three adult specimens of H. boulengeri. MtDNA genealogy supported monophyly of the H. kimurae–H. boulengeri complex, which is sister to all other Hynobius except H. retardatus. The complex is subdivided into three major clades, corresponding to the Eastern (Clade I) and Western (Clade II) populations of H. kimurae sensu lato, and to H. boulengeri (Clade III). Monophyly of H. kimurae sensu lato is only moderately supported by mtDNA, while nuDNA suggested that the Western form of H. kimurae is closer to H. boulengeri than to the eastern form. The time of the split of the H. kimurae–H. boulengeri complex is estimated as late Miocene and coincides with intensive crust movement in western Japan. Divergence between Clades I and II took place in early Pliocene and was likely influenced by the uplift of Central Japanese Highlands. All three clades were found to be different in a number of morphological characters, allowing us to describe the eastern form of H. kimurae as a new species, Hynobius fossigenus sp. nov

Evidence of mature adipocyte proliferation regulated by proliferin

Despite much research, whether mature adipocytes proliferate remains controversial. Here, we examined 5-bromo-2&#x2032;-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelling of mature adipocytes. Although BrdU incorporation into subcutaneous adipocytes was less than that in visceral adipocytes, pioglitazone (Pio) treatment increased BrdU incorporation in subcutaneous, but not visceral, adipocytes in rats. Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes exhibited an increase in cell number and BrdU incorporation with time, with this increase enhanced by Pio treatment. We therefore screened for genes that encode growth factors regulated by Pio, and selected proliferin (PLF). Both gene silencing of PLF by small interfering RNA and treatment with anti-PLF antibody suppressed proliferation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In adipocytes isolated from Pio-treated rats, the tissue-specific pattern of PLF expression was similar to that of BrdU incorporation. Administration of an anti-PLF antibody to mice reduced BrdU incorporation into adipocytes. Mature adipocytes thus have the ability to replicate, and this proliferation is positively regulated by PLF

Gadd45β expression in chondrosarcoma: A pilot study for diagnostic and biological implications in histological grading

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma, especially the distinction between enchondroma and low-grade chondrosarcoma or low-grade chondrosarcoma and high-grade chondrosarcoma, is pathologically difficult, differential diagnosis is very important because the treatment strategies for these diseases are completely different. The grading system is crucial in predicting biologic behavior and prognosis, however, exact pathological grading is difficult using only routine examinations because the criteria of the grading system are not necessarily definitive. Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45β (GADD45β) is an essential molecule for chondrocytes during terminal differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of GADD45β in enchondroma, and chondrosarcoma of histological grades I, II, and III, to clarify the diagnostic significance of GADD45β in pathological grading of chondrosarcoma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty samples (enchondroma = 6, chondrosarcoma grade I = 7, grade II = 6, grade III = 1) were used for immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the expression of GADD45β. Quantitative analysis was performed to compare the number of GADD45β positive cells and pathological grading.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Over 70% of the cells in enchondromas expressed GADD45β. On the other hand, the expression of GADD45β decreased significantly according to the histological grade of chondrosarcoma (grade I: 45%; grade II: 13.8%; and grade III: 3.8%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The association of GADD45β expression and pathological grading of chondrosarcoma in the present study suggests that the immunohistochemical study of GADD45β may be a specific diagnostic parameter for chondrosarcoma cell differentiation.</p