No-tillage Transplanting System of Rice with Controlled Availability Fertilizer in a Nursery Box : Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Controlled Availability Fertilizer of Rice Plant in Three Different Paddy Fields

The fate of polyolefin ^N coated urea (POCU S-100) in a nursery box for the no-tillage transplanting system as compared with ^N ammonium sulfate (AS) in the conventional tillage system had been investigated in light clay alluvial soil, sandy loam alluvial soil, and clay loam soil (Andisol) in 1994 and 1995. Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore) was used as the test plant. The nitrogen concentration of the leaf blade of the rice plant in the no-tillage without rice straw (NT) and no-tillage with rice straw (NTS) treatments tended to be greater than those of the conventional tillage with rice straw (CTS) treatments in all types of soil at all growth stages, and there was no definite increasing or decreasing tendency in the N concentration of the leaf sheath and stem, and panicles of the rice plant among the treatments in all types of soil. Nitrogen recoveries from POCU S100 in the NT and the NTS systems were 77-79% and 78-83%, 61-73% and 66-78%, and 74-76% and 80-81% for light clay soil, sandy loam soil and clay loam soil, respectively, which is around 65.5-96% of the nitrogen released from POCU S100. Thus, this could reduce the environmental pollution. The straw application in the NT system increased the N recovery of POCU S-100 by 1-5%. On the other hand, nitrogen recoveries from ammonium sulfate applied as basal fertilizer in the CTS system were 35-43%, 20-29% and 23-32% for light clay soil, sandy loam soil and clay loam soil, respectively. Whereas those applied as a top dressing were 50-83%, 49-73% and 40-65%. Nitrogen uptake by the rice plant in the NT system was relatively higher than that in the CT system. The uptake of soil nitrogen by the rice plant in the NT system was lower than that in the CT system

No-tillage Transplanting System of Rice with Controlled Availability Fertilizer in the Nursery Box II. Improvement of the initial growth or rice in the no-tillage transplanting system

The effect of linear type of polyolefin coated urea (POCU) 10 or 30 in combination with sigmoid type of POCU S100 in the nursery box on the improvement of the initial growth of rice in no-tillage transplanting system was studied in light clay soil (alluvial soil) and clay loam soil (Andisol) in Miyagi prefecture, Japan. POCU-10 or POCU-30 (short release type of POCU) in combination with POCU S100 was remarkably more effective in increasing the leaf color value and the number of tillers than those in the POCU s100 treatments, reflecting the rapid release of N from POCU-10 or -30 at the initial growth stage. POCU-10 or POCU-30 in combination with POCU s100 increase the dry matter yield at young panicle initiation stage. The N recoveries from the linear type of POCU-10 and POCU-30 at the young panicle initiation stage were 41 and 30% and 33 and 34% in light clay soil and clay loam soil, respectively. At the harvest time, they were 53 and 53%, and 51 and 68% in light clay soil and in clay loam soil, respectively. The yields of brown rice of NTS 30 were almost the same or higher than those of NTS, whereas those of NTS 10 tended to be lower because of a fewer number of spikelets per m^2.Initial growthNo-tillage transplanting system^NPolyolefin coated ureaRic

Brachytherapy of stage II mobile tongue carcinoma. Prediction of local control and QOL

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus as to the prognostic model for brachytherapy of tongue carcinoma. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic factors for local control based on a large population under a unified treatment policy. RESULTS: Between 1970 and 1998, 433 patients with stage II tongue squamous cell carcinoma were treated by low-dose-rate brachytherapy. This series included 277 patients treated with a linear source with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. A spacer was introduced in 1987. The primary local control rates were 85.6%. CONCLUSION: In the multivariate analysis, an invasive growth pattern was a significant factor for local recurrence. The disease-related survival was influenced by old age and an invasive growth pattern. A spacer lowered mandibular bone complications. The growth pattern was the most important factor for recurrence. Brachytherapy was associated with a high cure rate and the use of spacers brought about good quality of life (QOL)