Immune system modelling by top-down and bottom-up approaches

The biological immune system is a complex adaptive system that constitutes the defence mechanism of higher level organisms to micro organismic threats. There are lots of benefits for building an artificial (mathematical, physical or computational) model of the immune sys- tem. Medical researchers can use immune system simulation in drug research or to test hypotheses about the infection process. Given the wide range of uses for immune simulation and the difficulty of the task, it is useful to know what research has been conducted in this area. This paper provides a survey of the literatures in this field comparing and analyzing some of the existing approaches and models

On the micromorphic thermoelasticity without energy dissipation

The linear dynamic theory of micromorphic thermoelasticity without energy dissipation is considered. First, we establish a reciprocity relation which involves thermoelastic processes at different instants. We show that this relation can be used to establish a uniqueness theorem and a reciprocal theorem. The uniqueness result is derived with no definiteness assumption on elastic constitutive coefficients. The reciprocal theorem avoids both the use of the Laplace transform and the incorporation of initial conditions into the equations of motion. Then, a variational theorem for the first boundary-initial value problem is established. The effect of a concentrated heat supply in an unbounded body is also investigated

Fast numerical method for crack problem in the porous elastic material

The present paper discusses the crack problem in the linear porous elastic plane using the model developed by Nunziato and Cowin. With the help of Fourier transform the problem is reduced to an integral equation over the boundary of the crack. Some analytical transformations are applied to calculate the kernel of the integral equation in its explicit form. We perform a numerical collocation technique to solve the derived hyper-singular integral equation. Due to convolution type of the kernel, we apply, at each iteration step, the classical iterative conjugate gradient method in combination with the Fast Fourier technique to solve the problem in almost linear time. There are presented some numerical examples for materials of various values of porosity

Agent based modeling of lung metastasis-immune system competition

The Triplex vaccine is a cell vaccine developed as an immunopreventive approach to breast cancer. Recent studies showed that the same vaccine has a considerable therapeutic effect against lung metastases derived by mammary carcinom

Universal Immune System Simulator framework (UISS)

In this paper, the Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS) framework is sketched, showing some of its applications for successfully modeling and simulating multiple immune system related pathologies

Fast iteration algorithm for integral equations of the first kind arising in 2D diffraction by soft obstacles

We propose a new iteration numerical algorithm to solve boundary integral equations of the first kind arising in the 2D scattering by soft obstacles. The main idea is to operate on each iteration step with an integral equation, which has a convolution kernel, by changing the full kernel with a special averaging procedure. The practical convergence of the algorithm is demonstrated by some examples for three different geometries. If M is the number of iterations then the computational cost of the algorithm is MNlog(N)