The Role of Information Technology in Reduction of Administrative Corruption through Increasing of Information transparency, Improvement of Accountability and Promotion of Integrity; A Case Study of Saderat Bank Branches in Isfahan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between information transparency, improve accountability and enhance the reliability and accuracy of the use of information technology (telephone, fax, computer and electronic banking services) to reduce corruption in Saderat Bank Branches in Isfahan. The method of this study is Solidarity-Survey. This study uses Cohen, Morgan and Krejcie table and selectes 269 samples randomly among the 900 employees of Saderat Bank Branches. The data were obtained from the two questionnaires with content validity that confirmed by experts and stationary with Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the 0.96 and 0.92. Results were analyzed statistically with the use of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Results showed that information transparency, improve accountability and enhance the reliability and integrity of information technology, including telephone and fax, computer and electronic banking services and have a direct relation with the reduction of corruption

Proximity rule and Matthew effect in co-authorships of Iranian medical universities

One of the measures which used to calculate the scholarly collaboration of countries and organizations is co-authorship. Co-authorship is a process in which two or more authors/researchers collaborate with each other to create a joint work via collaboration channels and methods. Although many studies have been considered individual or domain co-authorships, but the organizational aspect of this type of collaboration has attracted less attention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to draw the organizational co-authorships among Iranian medical universities and to analyze the role of proximity and Matthew effect in this collaboration. Thus, 32 medical universities were selected based on a list prepared by the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MHME), and the co-authored articles of these universities were extracted from Web of Science (WoS) database for the period 1990 to 2011. Findings show that top and first-rank universities in Iran such as Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences tend to collaborate more with universities like themselves. This confirms the Matthew effect in scholarly collaborations of top and first-rank universities. Besides, the proximity rule has an important role in the formation of scholarly collaboration in surveyed universities. Some suggestions made to improve this kind of organizational collaboration in Iranian universities