19 research outputs found
Diferents maneres de descriure el mĂłn : una activitat introductĂČria de ciĂšncies a lâaula
En aquest treball sâestudia lâhabilitat cognitivolingĂŒĂstica dels alumnes de 4t dâESO davant del repte de descriure un objecte des del punt de vista de diferents disciplines cientĂfiques. Es tracta dâuna activitat dâaula realitzada durant tres cursos lectius per introduir lâassignatura de fĂsica i quĂmica, i modificada en el seu disseny per les docents en base als resultats observats. Es proposa als alumnes mirar una mateixa imatge des de diverses perspectives que corresponen a les diferents Ă rees de ciĂšncies. Sâanalitzen les descripcions tant des del punt de vista lingĂŒĂstic com dels continguts de la disciplina, i sâidentifiquen les dificultats de lâalumnat en seleccionar els aspectes rellevants, organitzar-los i caracteritzar-los adequadament
Dam methylase from Escherichia coli: kinetic studies using modified DNA oligomers: hemimethylated substrates.
We have measured steady-state kinetics of the N6-adenine methyltransferase Dam Mtase using as substrates non-selfcomplementary tetradecamer duplexs (d[GCCGGATCTAGACG]-d[CGTCTAGATCC-GGC]) containing the hemimethylated GATC target sequence in one or the other strand and modifications in the GATC target sequence of the complementary strands. Modifications included substitution of guanine by hypoxanthine (I), thymine by uracil (U) or 5-ethyl-uracil (E) and adenine by 2,6-diamino-purine (D). Thermodynamic parameters were obtained from the concentration dependence of the melting temperature (Tm) of the duplexes. Large differences in DNA methylation of duplexes containing single dI for dG substitution of the Dam recognition site were observed compared with the canonical substrate, if the substitution involved the top strand (on the G.C rich side). Substitution in either strand by uracil (dU) or 5-ethyluracil (dE) resulted in small perturbation of the methylation patterns. When 2,6-diamino-purine (dD) replaced the adenine to be methylated, small, but significant methylation was observed. The kinetic parameters of the methylation reaction were compared with the thermodynamic free energies and significant correlation was observed
Grain yield, carbon isotope discrimination and mineral content in mature kernels of barley under irrigated and rainfed conditions
The relationship between yield, carbon isotope discrimination and ash content in mature kernels was examined for a set of 13 barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars. Plants were grown under rainfed and well-irrigated conditions in a Mediterranean area. Water deficit caused a decrease in both grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination (Î). The yield was positively related to Î and negatively related to ash content, across genotypes within each treatment. However, whereas the correlation between yield and Î was higher for the set of genotypes under well-irrigated (r=0.70, P<0.01) than under rainfed (r=0.42) conditions, the opposite occurred when yield and ash content were related, ie r=-0.38 under well-irrigated and r=-0.73, (P<0.01) under rainfed conditions. Carbon isotope discrimination and ash content together account for almost 60% of the variation in yield, in both conditions. There was no significant relationship (r=-0.15) between carbon isotope discrimination and ash content in well-irrigated plants, whereas in rainfed plants, this relationship, although significant (r=-0.54, P< 0.05), was weakly negative. The concentration of several mineral elements was measured in the same kernels. The mineral that correlated best with ash content, yield and A, was K. For yield and Î, although the relationship with K followed the same pattern as the relationhip with ash content, the correlation coefficients were lower. Thus, mineral accumulation in mature kernels seems to be independent of transpiration efficiency. In fact, filling of grains takes place through the phloem pathway. The ash content in kernels is proposed as a complementary criterion, in addition to kernel Î, to assess genotype differences in barley grain yield under rainfed conditions.Rendement en grain, discrimination isotopique du carbone et teneur en minĂ©raux dans les grains mĂ»rs d'orge en conditions irriguĂ©e et non irriguĂ©e. La relation entre la production, la discrimination isotopique et le contenu en cendres dans les grains mĂ»rs a Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©e dans 13 cultivars d'orge (Hordeum vulgare L). Les plantes ont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©es dans 2 conditions : l'une en dĂ©ficit hydrique et l'autre en rĂ©gime d'irrigation, en zone mĂ©diterranĂ©enne. Le dĂ©ficit hydrique a causĂ© une diminution de la production et de la discrimination isotopique du carbone (Î). La production a Ă©tĂ© positivement corrĂ©lĂ©e avec Î et nĂ©gativement avec le contenu en cendres, entre les gĂ©notypes de chaque traitement. Cependant, tandis que la corrĂ©lation entre la production et Î a Ă©tĂ© plus haute dans l'ensemble des gĂ©notypes sous conditions d'irrigation (r=0,70 ; P <0,01) que chez les non irriguĂ©s (r=0,42), le contraire se produit quand la production et le contenu en cendres sont mis en rapport ( r=-0,38 sous conditions d'irrigation et r=-0,73, (P < 0,01) sous conditions de sĂ©cheresse). La discrimination isotopique du carbone et le contenu en cendres expliquent ensemble environ 60% de la variation dans la production dans les 2 conditions. Il n'y a pas eu de relation significative (r=-0,15) entre la discrimination isotopique du carbone et le contenu en cendres dans les plantes irriguĂ©es, tandis que dans les non irriguĂ©es, cette relation, bien qu'elle ait Ă©tĂ© significative (r=-0,54; P<0,05), a Ă©tĂ© faiblement nĂ©gative. La concentration de quelques Ă©lĂ©ments minĂ©raux a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e dans les mĂȘmes grains. Le minĂ©ral le mieux corrĂ©lĂ© au contenu en cendres, Ă la production et Ă Î, a Ă©tĂ© le K. Pour la production et Î, bien que la relation en K ait suivi le mĂȘme schĂ©ma que la relation en contenu en cendres, les coefficients de corrĂ©lation sont plus bas. De cette façon, l'accumulation minĂ©rale dans les grains mĂ»rs semble ĂȘtre indĂ©pendante de l'efficacitĂ© transpiratoire; en fait, le remplissage des grains a lieu Ă travers la voie du phloĂšme. Le contenu en cendres des grains est proposĂ© comme un critĂ©rium complĂ©mentaire, en plus du Î des grains, pour fixer des diffĂ©rences gĂ©notypiques dans la production de grains d'orge en situation de dĂ©ficit hydrique