Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to Lidocaine 5% for Spinal Anesthesia in Women Candidate for Elective Caesarean

AIM: This study aimed to compare the effect of Dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to lidocaine 5% in spinal anaesthesia to increase post-operative analgesia among women candidates for elective caesarean. METHODS: Eighty-four pregnant women candidates for caesarian were randomly divided into fentanyl and Dexmedetomidine groups. In the first group, 25 μg fentanyl was added to lidocaine 5% while in the second group, 0.5 μg per kilogram Dexmedetomidine was added to lidocaine 5%. After the operation, a pain score of the patients in recovery and within 4, 12 and 24 hours after the operation, the average length of analgesia and the average amount of the analgesics taken within 24 hours and after the operation were recorded. RESULTS: The average length of postoperative anaesthesia and the average amount of the drug taken within the first 24 hours after the operation in fentanyl group was more than the Dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.01). Shivering in Dexmedetomidine group was more common than what was observed in the fentanyl group (P = 0.001). Higher rates of nausea-vomiting were observed in the fentanyl group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fentanyl results in a longer period of postoperative analgesia and less consumption of drugs after the operation. Fentanyl is recommended in caesarian

Investigation of Ondansetron, Haloperidol, and Dexmedetomidine Efficacy for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting In Patients with Abdominal Hysterectomy

AIM: This study was aimed to compare the effects of ondansetron, haloperidol, and dexmedetomidine for reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: This randomised clinical trial study was performed on p.patients who were candidates for abdominal hysterectomy referring to Taleghani hospital in Arak. In this study, 114 patients with abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to three groups (ondansetron, haloperidol, and dexmedetomidine) using the cubull randomisation method. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant difference between the three groups of ondansetron, haloperidol and dexmedetomidine in terms of scorpion vomiting in recovery, 2 and 4 hours after surgery, and vomiting score was significantly lower in the ondansetron group compared with the other two groups (P = 0.04; P = 0.02; P = 0.001). There was a significant difference between the three groups of e ondansetron, haloperidol and dexmedetomidine regarding the mean dose of metoclopramide in mg for 24 hours after surgery. Therefore, the dosage of dexmedetomidine in the ondansetron group was less than the other two groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: these three drugs are effective in reducing PONV in patients undergoing a hysterectomy. However, the effect of ondansetron was found to be more than the other two drugs in reducing PONV

The Association Between Parental Behavior Patterns and the Dietary Intake of Preschool Children in Tehran Kindergartens

Background and Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the association between parental behavior and the dietary intake of Tehranian preschool children aged 2-6 years. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted on 310 children aged 2-6 years from the kindergartens of 22 districts of Tehran, a qualitative validated 85-item food frequency questionnaire was completed by interviewing with their parents. Also the effect of parental behavior on the children’s dietary intake was assessed using a validated comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ). Results: 47 and 53% of children were girls and boys, respectively. Among the parental behavior patterns, encouraging children to eat healthy foods, using food rewards, teaching and talking with children about the value of foods, encouraging the children to participate in food purchasing and preparation, making available the healthy foods, parental controlling behavior, child’s control, restricted behaviors because of having weight loss diet, and role modeling were significantly associated with the dietary intake of food groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Any effort to promote children’s dietary intake needs considering the role of parents in the development of feeding patterns, and interest in children to consume healthy foods. Keywords: Children, Dietary intake, Parental behavior patterns, Kindergarte