Topological Factoring of Zero Dimensional Dynamical Systems

We prove that every topological factoring between two zero dimensional dynamical systems can be modelled by a sequence of morphisms (called ordered premorphism) between the levels of the associated Bratteli diagrams. In this way, we also obtain an alternative proof for the theorem proved by T. Shimomura, saying that the realization of a zero dimensional dynamical system $(X,T)$ by a Vershik map on an ordered Bratteli diagram that the set of its maximal paths is associated with a closed subset $W\subseteq X$, is equivalent to have $W$ as a quasi-section. On the other direction, we will prove that given an ordered Bratteli diagram $B$ with a continuous Vershik map on it, every sequence of morphisms between levels of $B$ and $C$, where $C$ is another ordered Bratteli diagram with continuous Vershik map, induces a topological factoring if and only if $B$ has a unique infinite min path. We present a method to construct various examples of premorphisms between two decisive Bratteli diagrams such that the induced maps between the two Vershik systems are not topological factorings.Comment: 40 page

Tumor-derived urinary exosomal long non-coding RNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common malignancy in men and 17th in women. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been defined as a novel biomarker for BC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of urine exosomal PVT-1, ANRIL and PCAT-1 as a biomarker in BC patients with tumors classified as T1 or T2. Exosomes were isolated from urine of BC patients and healthy donors, then characterized according to their shape, size, and exosome markers by Electron Microscopy, Dynamic light scattering, and Western blotting. Exosomal lncRNAs extraction was done to determine the expression levels of PVT-1, ANRIL and PCAT-1 by qRT-PCR. ANRIL and PCAT-1 expression was significantly higher in BC patients compared to normal subjects. To evaluate the performance of the identified lncRNAs for BC detection, we performed ROC curves analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of ANRIL and PCAT-1, measured by AUC, was 0.7229 (sensitivity = 46.67 % and specificity = 87.5 %) and 0.7292 (sensitivity = 43.33 % and specificity = 87.5 %). Transcript levels of lncRNAs in urinary exosomes are potential diagnostic biomarkers in bladder cancer

lncRNA involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and prognosis

Eukaryotic lncRNAs are RNA molecules defined to be greater than 200 bp in length that are not translated to a protein and operate through several mechanisms, including participating in chromatin remodeling and methylation, influencing the integrity and stability of proteins and complexes, or acting as a sponge for miRNA inhibition. A number of recent studies have concentrated on the relationship between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent histological type of liver tumors, accounting for about 80 % of the cases worldwide. Lack of proper molecular markers for diagnosis of HCC and treatment evaluation is a significant problem. Dysregulated expression of HCC-related lncRNAs such as MEG-3, MALAT1, HULC, HOTAIR, and H19 have been identified and closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, prognosis and diagnosis. In this review, we summarized recent highlighted functions and molecular mechanisms of the most extensively studied lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and their potential for serving as probable therapeutic targets

Surface modification of thin-film-composite membranes with antibiotics for fouling reduction

Empirical thesis.Bibliography: pages 43-49.1. Introduction -- 2. Literature review -- 3. Experimental -- 4. Results and discussion -- 5. Conclusion -- References.Thin-film-composite (TFC) membranes are used in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) for producing fresh water. However, they are prone to fouling by biological and chemical contaminants, which significantly diminishes their efficiency. Therefore, feed pretreatments and membrane cleaning are required to maintain their proper functionality, which increase operational cost. Alternatively, the surface properties of TFC membranes can be modified to reduce fouling and increase membrane efficiency and lifetime.This project aimed to modify a commercial TFC membrane’s surface with polydopamine (PDA) mixed with an antibiotic tobramycin (TOB). Polymerization reactivity of dopamine was identified by UV-vis spectroscopy. The modified-TFC membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle analysis. The separation performance, antifouling and antibacterial properties of the membranes were also examined.The modified membranes showed antibacterial properties against E.coli and less flux reduction during filtration with bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. The permeability and selectivity of the membrane after surface modification changed little. These results demonstrate that TOB can be directly deposited on TFC membranes using PDA as a matrix. Surface modification with TOB and PDA is an effective strategy to improve the organic fouling and biofouling resistance of TFC membranes.Mode of access: World wide web1 online resource (vii, 49 pages) illustrations (some colour

A performance-based loading protocol : generated sequential ground motion

The full abstract for this thesis is available in the body of the thesis, and will be available when the embargo expires.Applied Science, Faculty ofEngineering, School of (Okanagan)Graduat

Deriving the Objectives, Principles and Principles of Justice in the Teaching Methods Based on Islamic Teachings

The purpose of the present study is to deduce the aims, principles and principles of justice in the teaching of Islam based on Islamic teachings. To achieve this goal, a qualitative research method was used by applying the reconstructed Frankenza inference model. The analysis of the research data was performed using thematic categorization and interpretation and has been regularly reviewed to ensure the data. In this study, the goals of justice were first identified and the principles of justice were stated, then the principles of justice, which were general guidelines, were deduced from the principles and extracted based on the principles of fair practices, which were minor guidelines. According to the findings of the study, the principles of justice are: respect for individual and social rights, respect for rights, moderation and balance, insight into justice, the essence of justice, fairness, justice and moderation. And according to the findings, some fair training methods are: social justice, people's satisfaction on the basis of rational and religious norms, wide-ranging assignment, reward for action, punishment for error, proportionality and harmony between components, a sense of satisfaction. From understanding the individual, legislating and obeying the law

Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory positive-smear patients using PGRS-RFLP in northwest and west provinces of Iran

Aims and objectives: Clustering of and determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains is of great concern in control programs of tuberculosis (TB). Identification of transmission type and tracking the infection source is also highly necessary. The aim of the present study is to track and determine the type of MTB infection, as well as its relationship with demographic factors using PGRS-RFLP. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 84 smear-positive patients from 5 frontier provinces (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, Kurdistan, and Kermanshah) were investigated according to PGRS-RFLP. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. The results were analyzed by SPSS-18 and G-Box. Result: Based on clustering, recent transmission was 66%. Most clusters were obtained from Kurdistan and Kermanshah. Vaccination record (p = 0.49) and treatment group (without previous treatment) (p = 0.004) had a significant relationship with clustering. Other demographic factors including age, gender, religion, drug abuse, smoking, history of migration, and marital status did not show a significant relationship with clustering. Conclusion: Genetic variation of MTB is high in this region. The rate of recent transmission based on clustering was unexpected (global average is 30–40%). Recent transmission was more dynamic in west Iran than northwest Iran. The strong relationship between treatment group 1 (without previous treatment) and clustering based on PGRS-RFLP can demonstrate the high correlation between molecular and classic information. In addition, the significant relationship between vaccination record and clustering highlights the necessity to conduct more extensive studies