Ethical Performance of Neonatal Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Introduction: Lack of adherence to the nursing code of ethics in neonatal wards is usually an issue in hospitals. The present study explored neonatal nurses’ adherence to the nursing code of ethics in the neonatal ward, using the Neonatal Nurses' Ethical Performance Self-Report Questionnaire and the Neonatal Nurses' Ethical Performance Observation Checklist.Methods: In this descriptive study, 132 Nurses from 5 neonatal wards from two pediatric hospitals in Tehran were recruited by census sampling.Results: The results showed that the mean score of the self-report questionnaire (86.12+10.34) and observational checklist (80.98+10.34) was within the desired performance range. The domain of improving the quality of care had the highest score (94.25+3.40) in the self-report questionnaire, and the domain of justice had the highest score (95.00+0) in the observational checklist. The domain of respect for autonomy had the lowest mean score in the self-report questionnaire (64.31+22.22) and the observational checklist (67.50+6.19). There was no significant relationship between the ethical performance score reported by nurses and nurses' demographic variables (P>0.05), and the specific condition of the neonates affected the ethical performance of nurses in neonates' demographic variables (P-value =0.002).Conclusions: The finding showed that, overall, the performance of neonatal nurses regarding ethical codes is desirable

Microelectronics-Based Biosensors Dedicated to the Detection of Neurotransmitters: A Review

Dysregulation of neurotransmitters (NTs) in the human body are related to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The mechanisms of several neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, have been linked to NTs. Because the number of diagnosed cases is increasing, the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases are important. To detect biomolecules including NTs, microtechnology, micro and nanoelectronics have become popular in the form of the miniaturization of medical and clinical devices. They offer high-performance features in terms of sensitivity, as well as low-background noise. In this paper, we review various devices and circuit techniques used for monitoring NTs in vitro and in vivo and compare various methods described in recent publications

Impact of Urban Open Spaces on City Spatial Structure (In Case of Isfahan)

Public spaces can be considered as important elements to improve the quality of the environment and increase the sense of citizenship. On the other hand, the cohesive network of urban spaces shows the integrated structure of a city’s spatial organization, in which not only the connection of form and function is considered, but also meaning finds its place in a complex urban system. Since the spatial structure of the traditional Iranian cities is ingrained in geographical factors and culture of the settlements, the evolution of this structure in Isfahan as one of the most famous historical cities in Iran is examined. The aim of this study is to answer this question: How do urban open spaces impact city spatial structure? The research method is descriptive-analytical, which has been concluded in a process of content analysis. The development of Isfahan’s structure over time and role of urban spaces in its formation has been studied. Entrances, key points, roads, and water edges as main urban spaces impact on city structure direction. The structure has changed from linear-nuclei to central-radial and finally, an integrated network to the Safavid era, but cohesive nature of the structure has changed from the Pahlavi period with multiple sections of streets

Prevalence and Incidence Rate of Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, Uncontrolled Diabetes, and Their Predictors in the Adult Population in Southeastern Iran: Findings From KERCADR Study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is among the most serious health challenges worldwide. We assessed the prevalence of pre-diabetes (pre-DM) and diabetes (DM), the effectiveness of diabetes management, the 5-year incidence rate, and associated variables in the adult population in southeastern Iran. Methods: In a random cluster household survey (2014-2018), 9,959 adult individuals aged 15-80 years were assessed for coronary artery disease risk factors, including diabetes mellitus in Kerman (KERCADRS, phase 2). Among these people, 2,820 persons had also participated in phase 1 of the study 5 years earlier (2009-2011). Univariable and multivariable survey logistic regression models were used to identify the potential predictors of diabetes and pre-diabetes. Results: The prevalence of pre-DM was 12% (males 13.2% vs. females 11.1%), steadily increasing from 7.1% in the 15-24 years group to 18.4% in the 55-64 years group. The prevalence of DM was 10.2% (male and female, 7.9 and 10.8%, respectively), of which 1.9% were undiagnosed. DM was diagnosed in 10.6% of educated and 15.1% of illiterate people. The prevalence of diagnosed DM was lower in smokers (5.2 vs. 8.7%) and dependent opium users (5.4 vs. 8.8%). The prevalence of uncontrolled DM (HbA1c > 7%) was 48.8%, increasing with age. The frequency of uncontrolled DM among people without and with treatment was 32 and 55.9%, respectively. Illiterate people had worse uncontrolled DM (55.6 vs. 39.6%). The 5-year incidence rate (persons/100 person-years) was 1.5 for pre-DM and 1.2 for DM, respectively. The lowest and the highest incidence rate of DM belonged to the 15-34 years old group (0.5) and dependent opium users (2.4). The incidence rate was found to have a direct relationship with BMI and a reverse relationship with physical activity. Conclusion: Pre-DM and DM affected 22.2% of the population. One-third of patients with diabetes had undiagnosed DM, and in 55.9% of people with diagnosed DM, treatment had been ineffective. Appropriate health interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence and health consequences of diabetes in the region

Sense of coherence and coping strategies: How they influence quality of life in Iranian women with breast cancer

Abstract Aim To investigate the mediation/moderation effect between Coping Behaviors (CBs) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) in the prediction of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer patients. Design Cross‐sectional. Methods A total of 221 patients were included in this study. The 13‐item Orientation to Life Questionnaire, Brief COPE and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Breast were investigated. Pearson's correlation coefficient and mediation/moderation analysis were performed. Results Significant correlations were observed for SOC, active coping, acceptance, positive reframing (PR), planning, use of emotional support (UES), use of instrumental support, behaviour disengagement and self‐blame with HRQoL. Except for planning and acceptance, SOC partially mediated the CBs' effect on HRQoL. The UES and PR's effects on HRQoL were significant at lower SOC levels and diminished at higher SOC levels. Conclusion Practitioners can incorporate SOC and adaptive CBs, including PR and UES, into the rehabilitation programmes to improve HRQoL in patients