Comparison of retinal vasodilator and constrictor responses in type 2 diabetes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93551/1/j.1755-3768.2012.02445.x.pd

Impaired retinal vasodilator responses in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99677/1/aos12129.pd

Multi-center feasibility study evaluating recruitment, variability in risk factors and biomarkers for a diet and cancer cohort in India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>India's population exhibits diverse dietary habits and chronic disease patterns. Nutritional epidemiologic studies in India are primarily of cross-sectional or case-control design and subject to biases, including differential recall of past diet. The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate whether a diet-focused cohort study of cancer could be established in India, providing insight into potentially unique diet and lifestyle exposures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Field staff contacted 7,064 households within three regions of India (New Delhi, Mumbai, and Trivandrum) and found 4,671 eligible adults aged 35-69 years. Participants completed interviewer-administered questionnaires (demographic, diet history, physical activity, medical/reproductive history, tobacco/alcohol use, and occupational history), and staff collected biological samples (blood, urine, and toenail clippings), anthropometric measurements (weight, standing and sitting height; waist, hip, and thigh circumference; triceps, sub-scapula and supra-patella skin fold), and blood pressure measurements.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eighty-eight percent of eligible subjects completed all questionnaires and 67% provided biological samples. Unique protein sources by region were fish in Trivandrum, dairy in New Delhi, and pulses (legumes) in Mumbai. Consumption of meat, alcohol, fast food, and soft drinks was scarce in all three regions. A large percentage of the participants were centrally obese and had elevated blood glucose levels. New Delhi participants were also the least physically active and had elevated lipids levels, suggesting a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A high percentage of participants complied with study procedures including biological sample collection. Epidemiologic expertise and sufficient infrastructure exists at these three sites in India to successfully carry out a modest sized population-based study; however, we identified some potential problems in conducting a cohort study, such as limited number of facilities to handle biological samples.</p

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Liking for persons as a function of incentive and drive during acquisition

Describes 2 studies which test hypotheses derived from stimulus-response reinforcement theory propositions. In Study I, 60 1st-graders played a game in which photographs of strangers were associated with desirable or undesirable food snacks either before or after lunch. Evidence supported a positive relation between reward quality and the acquired attractiveness of contiguous stimulus persons under conditions of contrast in reward quality but not under conditions of no contrast. The assumed difference in drive between Ss tested before and after lunch proved ineffective, but it is suggested that this difference was overridden by the arousal of appetite for snacks. Study II, utilizing 31 college students with high and low measured needs for academic recognition, found support for a positive relation between drive and the attractiveness of reward-associated stimulus persons. (22 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1970 American Psychological Association

Sex differences in limb vasoconstriction responses to increases in transmural pressures

Women compared with men are more likely to have orthostatic intolerance. The purpose of this study was to examine whether sex affects limb vasoconstrictor response to increases in transmural pressure. Brachial and femoral mean blood velocity (MBV) and diameter (Doppler Ultrasound) were measured in 10 women and 10 men as transmural pressure was altered by applying local suction (−25, −50, −75, and −100 mmHg) via pressurized-limb tanks for 1 min to a single arm and leg. With the abrupt application of forearm suction (−75 and −100 mmHg), women compared with men had a greater initial rise in MBV (peak), followed by a quicker dynamic rate of velocity reduction. In the leg, women had a tendency for higher peak MBV but had similar dynamic velocity reductions compared with men. After 60 s of suction, women compared with men had attenuated reductions in brachial flow and conductance (−8.05 ± 1.71 vs. −16.25 ± 1.71 ml/min; −0.12 ± 0.03 vs. −0.20 ± 0.03 ml·min−1·mmHg−1; main effect, P < 0.05), as well as attenuated femoral flow and conductance to sustained leg negative pressure at −100 mmHg (P < 0.05). When the data were expressed as percent change, women compared with men continued to have attenuated brachial flow responses (−24 ± 2 vs. −36 ± 2%, main effect, P < 0.05), with a trend toward attenuation at the highest leg pressure (−25 ± 11 vs. −46 ± 4%; P = 0.08). These sex differences remained after normalizing the flow responses by limb volume (percent change). Our findings suggest that young women compared with men have attenuated brachial and femoral vasoconstrictor responses to increases in transmural pressure, which may have implications for the greater incidence of orthostatic intolerance in women