Wall-bounded turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers: Recent advances and key issues

Wall-bounded turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers have become an increasingly active area of research in recent years. Many challenges remain in theory, scaling, physical understanding, experimental techniques, and numerical simulations. In this paper we distill the salient advances of recent origin, particularly those that challenge textbook orthodoxy. Some of the outstanding questions, such as the extent of the logarithmic overlap layer, the universality or otherwise of the principal model parameters such as the von Kármán “constant,” the parametrization of roughness effects, and the scaling of mean flow and Reynolds stresses, are highlighted. Research avenues that may provide answers to these questions, notably the improvement of measuring techniques and the construction of new facilities, are identified. We also highlight aspects where differences of opinion persist, with the expectation that this discussion might mark the beginning of their resolution

Examining the inertial subrange with nanoscale cross-wire measurements of turbulent pipe flow at high Reynolds number near the centreline [post-print]

Highly resolved, two-component velocity measurements were made near the centreline of turbulent pipe flow for Reynolds numbers in the range . These unique data were obtained with a nanoscale cross-wire probe and used to examine the inertial subrange scaling of the longitudinal and transverse velocity components. Classical dissipation rate estimates were made using both the integration of one-dimensional dissipation spectra for each velocity component and the third-order moment of the longitudinal structure function. Although the second-order moments and one-dimensional spectra for each component showed behaviour consistent with local isotropy, clear inertial range similarity and behaviour were not exhibited in the third-order structure functions at these Reynolds numbers. When corrected for the effects of radial inhomogeneities at the centreline following the generalized expression of Danaila et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 430, 2001, pp. 87-109), re-derived for the pipe flow domain, the third-order moments of the longitudinal structure function exhibited a clearer plateau per the classical Kolmogorov \u27four-fifths law\u27. Similar corrections described by Danaila et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 430, 2001, pp. 87-109) applied to the analogous equation for the mixed structure functions (i.e. the \u27four-thirds law\u27) also yielded improvement over all ranges of scale, improving with increasing Reynolds number. The rate at which the \u27four-fifths\u27 law and \u27four-thirds\u27 law were approached by the third-order structure functions was found to be more gradual than decaying isotropic turbulence for the same Reynolds numbers

Oil film interferometry in high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers

There is continuing debate regarding the validity of skin friction measurements that are dependent on the functional form of the mean velocity profile, for example, the Clauser chart method. This has brought about the need for independent and direct measures of wall shear stress, tw. Of the independent methods to measure tw, oil film interferometry is the most promising, and it has been extensively used recently at low and moderately high Reynolds number. The technique uses interferometry to measure the thinning rate of an oil film, which is linearly related to the level of shear stress acting on the oil film. In this paper we report on the use of this technique in a high Reynolds number boundary layer up to Rq = 50,000. Being an independent measure of tw, the oil film measurement can be used as a means to validate more conventional techniques, such as the Preston tube and Clauser chart at these high Reynolds numbers. The oil-film measurement is validated by making comparative measurements of tw in a large-scale fully-developed channel flow facility where the skin friction is known from the pressure gradient along the channe

Continuous measurement of global difference coupling using a phase-locked-loop tune meter in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

We present a new technique to continuously measure and compensate the global difference coupling coefficient through the continuous measurements of eigenmode projection parameters, using a high resolution phase-locked-loop tune meter. First, four eigenmode projection parameters are defined as the observables for weak difference coupling. Then, their analytical expressions are obtained using the strict matrix treatment and the Hamiltonian perturbation theory of linear coupling. From these parameters, the complex global coupling coefficient can be fully determined and compensated. This method was successfully demonstrated in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 2006 run

‘The International Teacher Leadership project,’ a case of international action research.

Copyright CARNThe paper arises from the International Teacher Leadership project, a research and development project involving researchers and practitioners in 14 European countries. The paper provides a conceptual exploration of the idea of teacher leadership and its role in educational reform, central to which is the idea that teachers, regardless of their level of power and organisational position, can engage in the leadership of enquiry-based development activity aimed at influencing their colleagues and embedding improved practices in their schools. The paper provides an outline of the project’s methodology which builds on that used in the Carpe Vitam Leadership for Learning project (Frost, 2008a). It is a form of collaborative action research which is highly developmental and discursive. It seeks to identify principles, strategies and tools that can be applied in a range of cultural settings. The paper includes a thematic analysis of the cultural contexts and policy environments of the participating countries in order to identify the obstacles to teacher leadership and to inform the nature of the support strategies employed