Impact analysis of TOTEM data at the LHC: black disk limit exceeded

We discuss the profile of the impact--parameter dependent elastic scattering amplitude. Extraction of impact-parameter dependence from the dataset with inclusion of the experimental data on elastic scattering at the LHC energies helps to reveal the asymptotics of hadron interactions. Analysis of the data clearly indicates that the impact-parameter elastic scattering amplitude exceed the black disk limit at the LHC energy 7TeV and the inelastic overlap function reaches its maximum value at $b>0$Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Chiral color symmetry and possible G′G'-boson effects at the Tevatron and LHC

A gauge model with chiral color symmetry is considered and possible effects of the color $G'$-boson octet predicted by this symmetry are investigated in dependence on two free parameters, the mixing angle $\theta_G$ and $G'$ mass $m_{G'}$. The allowed region in the $m_{G'} - \theta_G$ plane is found from the Tevatron data on the cross section $\sigma_{t\bar{t}}$ and forward-backward asymmetry $A_{\rm FB}^{p \bar p}$ of the $t\bar{t}$ production. The mass limits for the $G'$-boson are shown to be stronger than those for the axigluon. A possible effect of the $G'$-boson on the $t\bar{t}$ production at the LHC is discussed and the mass limits providing for the $G'$-boson evidence at the LHC are estimated in dependence on $\theta_G$.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Modern Physics Letters

Riboflavin in photodynamic inactivation of pathogens and photodynamic therapy

Riboflavin, besides its key role in providing cellular metabolism in humans and animals, is used as a compound of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) owing to its photosensitizing capability. PDT is a promising approach for the photoinactivation of pathogens in blood and blood derivatives. It has been reported, that the advantage of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is that there are no resistant strains to it. Flavins are photoreducible and photon-induced excitation of them in the ultraviolet-blue (UV-blue) spectral band can lead to formation of either singlet oxygen via energy transfer to environmental oxygen, or hydrogen peroxide and derivatives via radicalisation – altogether termed reactive oxygen species (ROS) and used hereafter. Exactly the ROS production property of riboflavin is used for antiviral and antibacterial disinfection; for strengthening the corneal tissue in photorefractive surgery by the ROS-induced collagen cross-linking. Several studies reveal the antimicrobial photodynamic potential of riboflavin irradiated with the ultraviolet-blue and with visible light against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacillus subtilis in vitro. It was shown, that riboflavin/UV-A and allowed effectiveness against such fungal pathogens as Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Fusarium spр, and A. fumigatusas which may cause infection keratomycosis.  The photoilluminated riboflavin significantly reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced the level of cellular antioxidant metabolite - glutathione (GSH). Along with that the specific activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) - which is involved in detoxification process - was increased significantly in cells exposed to photoilluminated riboflavin. Riboflavin, illuminated by UVA or visible light, has also been developed as a nucleic acid-binding agent to be used for photoinactivation of such nucleic acid-containing pathogens in plasma, platelets, and RBCs as viruses. Several studies have revealed the effectiveness of reduction in some viruses’ infectivity, including human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), hepatitis B virus (HCV), pseudorabies virus. Thus, the «riboflavin+UVB» system has found their application in pathogen reduction technology – «Mirasol»® Pathogen Reduction Technology (PRT) system. Riboflavin has been thought to be a promising antitumoral agent in photodynamic therapy, though the further application of the method was limited by the unclear molecular mechanism. Several studies reveal that of PDT-mediated cytotoxicity occur in three ways: apoptotic, necrotic and autophagy-associated cell death.  Some findings, show that certain PDT techniques acting via inducing of apoptotic cell death that is highly immunogenic and can stimulate antitumor immunity. Thus, we can conclude that, the «riboflavin+UVB» system is suitable for photoinactivation of bacteria, fungi and viruses and has a potential in antitumor treatment strategies. Further studies will reveal more and more aspects of riboflavin capabilities

THE ANALYSIS OF THE THREAT OF REUSING PET BOTTLES FOR THE STORAGE OF DRINKING WATER

Introduction. According to a sociological survey of about 86% of Kharkiv (Ukraine) residents reuse PET bottles for a drinking water storing. This type of reuse of PET bottles isn't safe and the results of numerous research unequivocally confirm this assertion. The largest hazard of plastic bottles reuse for drinking water storage is biological film on the internally surface of bottle. This biofilm may contain pathogenic microorganisms which can migrate from biofilm to fresh water. Human, who drinking contaminated water, may drink microorganisms in common with this water. It's very dangerous, because the numerous strains of pathogens may migration in water and infect from gastric-bowel tract to the humans. Scientists from National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnic institute" in common with experts from Mechnikov institute of microbiology and immunology explored this problem and devised the apparatus, which can destroy a biofilm on polymer or another surface. Materials & Methods. The tested apparatus was the electrical device consisting of a block with electrodes, an electronic control, a water pump and a sprinkler for spraying the disinfectant. The electrode was made of 925˚ silver (sterling silver). Water for the preparation of a disinfectant was tap water and wasn't treated additionally. The sprinkler for spraying the disinfectant was placed in the neck of the infected bottle. Disinfectant solution was sprayed inside the bottle for 4 seconds. The water pressure was about 1.5 atmospheres. After that, the sprinkler was removed and the disinfectant was drained. A smear for microbiological composition was taken from three parts of the bottle - the neck, the middle part and the bottom. Growth of microorganisms and their detections was fixed by classic microbiological methods. Results & Discussion. In the article the scheme of the most probable and widespread way of infection of PET-bottles by pathogens and the way of minimization of this danger is given. Investigation of the contamination of the inner surface of the bottle by infected dust was carried out. It is determined that contaminated dust can cause a very serious infection contamination of inner surfaces of PET bottles and, subsequently, of water. In laboratory conditions and on the real object, a device for sanitizing surfaces was tested. It is established that the prototype of the device generates a disinfectant that destroys the most of known strains of microorganisms. This disinfectant is not toxic and is not dangerous to humans, the only product of evaporation of this product is water. With this disinfectant, the infection contamination on the inside of the PET bottle was completely eliminated. Thus, the use of a prototype device to minimize the threat of contamination of water consumers from recycled PET bottles is possible and very effective. Conclusions. 1. Potable water storage containers made of PET contain threats, the most serious of which is microbiological. 2. Without conducting regular disinfection or inactivation treatment of PET containers may be potential spreaders of human diseases. 3. The formed biological film cannot be destroyed or inactivated by means and substances that are at home. Potentially dangerous is the use of special, concentrated disinfectants at home. 4. Ions of silver are acknowledged in the world of practice antiseptic. 5. The use of silver ions to inactivate the biological film, while complying with state standards and methods of treatment, is safe and effective, which has been proved by research. 6. The developed method and apparatus are effective against the formed biological film and comply with the current legislation of Ukraine and some other countries, in particular the USA and Canada

A modern research for the Turkish ethnography

The urgency of the problem under study is caused by the need to consider the achievements of field researchers of the XIXth century from the standpoint of modern science. The purpose of the article is to characterize the research method of the ethnographer and folklorist Nikolai Katanov (1862-1922). The historical-genetic method is the leading one to the study of this problem. The main results of the research consist in the systematization of the unrecognized intellectual heritage from N. Katanov to the end and its analysis in the context of contemporary Turkish studies. The article is of interest to the experts who are involved in Eurasian studies, the history of Russia, the history of Oriental studies, anthropology and ethnography of the Turkish people of Central Asia.peer-reviewe