Topologically-constrained fluctuations and thermodynamics regulate nonequilibrium response

Limits on a system's response to external perturbations inform our understanding of how physical properties can be shaped by microscopic characteristics. Here, we derive constraints on the steady-state nonequilibrium response of physical observables in terms of the topology of the microscopic state space and the strength of thermodynamic driving. Notably, evaluation of these limits requires no kinetic information beyond the state-space structure. When applied to models of receptor binding, we find that sensitivity is bounded by the steepness of a Hill function with a Hill coefficient enhanced by the chemical driving beyond the structural equilibrium limit.Comment: 25 pages, 13 figure

Jurisdição complementar: uma proposta de nova ordem jurisdicional para o Estado contemporâneo

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias Juridica

Entre o cinema experimental e a videoarte: desdobramentos do audiovisual

This work consists of an analysis of art forms linked to the moving image in the current scenario. The study aims to analyze the process of convergence between experimental cinema and video art, in order to understand the aesthetic and political movements that culminated in this conjuncture. For this, a bibliographic review of influential authors on the subject and a theoretical-critical analysis of artists who produce within this perspective, such as André Parente and Luc Courchesne, were carried out. From the results of the research, it was possible to conclude that the division between experimental cinema and video art is anachronistic, since art is increasingly multimedia and that artists turn their attention to the problems of a computerized society.Este trabalho consiste em uma análise das formas de arte ligadas à imagem em movimento no atual cenário. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de convergência entre o cinema experimental e a videoarte, de modo a entender as movimentações estéticas e políticas que culminaram nessa conjuntura. Para isso, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica de autores influentes no tema e análise teórico-crítica de artistas que produzem dentro dessa perspectiva, tais como André Parente e Luc Courchesne. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa, foi possível concluir que a divisão entre cinema experimental e videoarte se mostra anacrônica, uma vez que a arte é cada vez mais multimidiática e que os artistas voltam sua atenção para as problemáticas de uma sociedade computadorizada

Feasibility conditions on the parameters of a strongly regular graph

We consider a strongly regular graph, G, and associate a three dimensional Euclidean Jordan algebra, V, to the adjacency matrix A of G. Then, by considering convergent series of Hadamard powers of the idempotents of the unique complete system of orthogonal idempotents of V, we establish new feasibility conditions for the existence of strongly regular graphs

Imatinib mesylate alters the expression of genes related to disease progression in an animal model of uveal melanoma

Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a compound that inhibits both BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase and c-kit receptors. Tyrosine kinases are important in cellular signaling and mediate major cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, attachment, and migration. Twenty-six albino rabbits were injected with 1 x 10(6) human uveal melanoma (UM) cells (92.1) into the suprachoroidal space. Animals were immunosuppressed (cyclosporin A) over the course of the 12-week experiment and divided into two groups (n = 13). the experimental group received IM once daily by gavage while the control group received a placebo. One animal per group was sacrificed every week after the 2nd week. Upon necropsy, organs were harvested for histopathological examination. Cells from the primary tumors were recultured and tested in proliferation and invasion assays. A PCR array was used to investigate the differences in expression of 84 genes related to tumor metastasis. in the treated group, 4 rabbits developed intraocular tumors, with an average largest tumor dimension (LTD) of 2.5 mm and 5 animals reported metastatic disease. Whereas 6 rabbits in the control group developed intraocular tumors, with an average LTD of 5.8 mm and 6 animals reported metastatic disease. the recultured cells from the treated group demonstrated lower proliferation rates and were less invasive (p < 0.001). the PCR array showed differences in expression of genes related to metastasis. Notably, there was 290-fold increase in SERPINB5, a tumor suppressor gene, and a 10-fold higher expression of KISS I, a metastasis suppressor gene, in the treated group. Proangiogenic genes such as VEGFA, PDGFA and PDGFB were downregulated in the treated group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the altered expression of specific genes in UM cells after treatment with IM.McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol & Pathol, Montreal, PQ, CanadaHenry C Witelson Ocular Pathol Lab, Montreal, PQ, CanadaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Dept Ophthalmol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Dept Ophthalmol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Adverse Outcome Pathways Associated with the Ingestion of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles—A Systematic Review

Funding Information: This research was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC), PTDC/SAU-PUB/29481/2017 and co-funded by UIDB/00009/2020 (Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health—ToxOmics (UIDP/00009/2020; UIDB/00009/2020), iMed.ULisboa (UIDB/04138/2020+UIDP/04138/2020), CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020), and BioISI (UID/MULTI/04046/2019). N.V. thanks the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, e Ensino Superior, for her PhD grant 2020.07168.BD. L.G. was supported by FCT Individual CEEC as a Principal Researcher Grant (CEECIND/03143/2017) and R.A. as an Assistant Researcher Grant (CEECIND/01570/2018). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used, and humans are exposed through food (E171), cosmetics (e.g., toothpaste), and pharmaceuticals. The oral and gastrointestinal (GIT) tract are the first contact sites, but it may be systemically distributed. However, a robust adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has not been developed upon GIT exposure to TiO2-NPs. The aim of this review was to provide an integrative analysis of the published data on cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered after the ingestion of TiO2-NPs, proposing plausible AOPs that may drive policy decisions. A systematic review according to Prisma Methodology was performed in three databases of peer-reviewed literature: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 787 records were identified, screened in title/abstract, being 185 used for data extraction. The main endpoints identified were oxidative stress, cytotoxicity/apoptosis/cell death, inflammation, cellular and systemic uptake, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. From the results, AOPs were proposed where colorectal cancer, liver injury, reproductive toxicity, cardiac and kidney damage, as well as hematological effects stand out as possible adverse outcomes. The recent transgenerational studies also point to concerns with regard to population effects. Overall, the findings further support a limitation of the use of TiO2-NPs in food, announced by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).publishersversionpublishe

The square-lattice quantum liquid of charge c fermions and spin-neutral two-spinon s1 fermions

The momentum bands, energy dispersions, and velocities of the charge $c$ fermions and spin-neutral two-spinon $s1$ fermions of a square-lattice quantum liquid referring to the Hubbard model on such a lattice of edge length $L$ in the one- and two-electron subspace are studied. The model involves the effective nearest-neighbor integral $t$ and on-site repulsion $U$ and can be experimentally realized in systems of correlated ultra-cold fermionic atoms on an optical lattice and thus our results are of interest for such systems. Our investigations profit from a general rotated-electron description, which is consistent with the model global $SO(3)\times SO(3)\times U(1)$ symmetry. For the model in the one- and two-electron subspace the discrete momentum values of the $c$ and $s1$ fermions are good quantum numbers so that in contrast to the original strongly-correlated electronic problem their interactions are residual. The use of our description renders an involved many-electron problem into a quantum liquid with some similarities with a Fermi liquid.Comment: 61 pages, 1 figure, published in Nuclear Physics

Adverse Outcome Pathways Associated with the Ingestion of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles - A Systematic Review

This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Toxicity and Cytotoxicity of NanomaterialsReviewTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used, and humans are exposed through food (E171), cosmetics (e.g., toothpaste), and pharmaceuticals. The oral and gastrointestinal (GIT) tract are the first contact sites, but it may be systemically distributed. However, a robust adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has not been developed upon GIT exposure to TiO2-NPs. The aim of this review was to provide an integrative analysis of the published data on cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered after the ingestion of TiO2-NPs, proposing plausible AOPs that may drive policy decisions. A systematic review according to Prisma Methodology was performed in three databases of peer-reviewed literature: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 787 records were identified, screened in title/abstract, being 185 used for data extraction. The main endpoints identified were oxidative stress, cytotoxicity/apoptosis/cell death, inflammation, cellular and systemic uptake, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. From the results, AOPs were proposed where colorectal cancer, liver injury, reproductive toxicity, cardiac and kidney damage, as well as hematological effects stand out as possible adverse outcomes. The recent transgenerational studies also point to concerns with regard to population effects. Overall, the findings further support a limitation of the use of TiO2-NPs in food, announced by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).This research was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC), PTDC/SAU-PUB/29481/2017 and co-funded by UIDB/00009/2020 (Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health—ToxOmics (UIDP/00009/2020; UIDB/00009/2020), iMed.ULisboa (UIDB/04138/2020+UIDP/04138/2020), CESAM (UIDP/50017/ 2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020), and BioISI (UID/MULTI/04046/2019). N.V. thanks the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, e Ensino Superior, for her PhD grant 2020.07168.BD. L.G. was supported by FCT Individual CEEC as a Principal Researcher Grant (CEECIND/03143/2017) and R.A. as an Assistant Researcher Grant (CEECIND/01570/2018)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Glot500: Scaling Multilingual Corpora and Language Models to 500 Languages

The NLP community has mainly focused on scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) vertically, i.e., making them better for about 100 languages. We instead scale LLMs horizontally: we create, through continued pretraining, Glot500-m, an LLM that covers 511 predominantly low-resource languages. An important part of this effort is to collect and clean Glot500-c, a corpus that covers these 511 languages and allows us to train Glot500-m. We evaluate Glot500-m on five diverse tasks across these languages. We observe large improvements for both high-resource and low-resource languages compared to an XLM-R baseline. Our analysis shows that no single factor explains the quality of multilingual LLM representations. Rather, a combination of factors determines quality including corpus size, script, “help” from related languages and the total capacity of the model. Our work addresses an important goal of NLP research: we should notlimit NLP to a small fraction of the world’s languages and instead strive to support as many languages as possible to bring the benefits of NLP technology to all languages and cultures. Code, data and models are available at https://github.com/cisnlp/Glot500