The presence of genotoxic substances in the river Danube five months after bombardment of the industrial zone of Pančevo as revealed by the Allium anaphase-telophase genotoxicity assay

The consequence of aerial bombardment of the petrochemical complex, oil refinery and chemical industry including the HIP 'Azotara' fertilizer factory in the vicinity of Pančevo in April 1999 was that a large amount of dangerous chemicals leaked into the canal collecting industrial wastewater and flowed pouring out into the Danube. As the level of water in the Danube was high at that time, leaking of chemicals from the canal into the river lasted for a long time. Therefore the aim of this work was to check if toxic and genotoxic effects were present 5 months after the bombardment. Three samples of Danube water (upstream from the canal, just after the opening of the canal and downstream from the canal) were used for this purpose. All three samples plus a sample from the canal were also chemically analyzed. The Allium anaphase-telophase test was used to examine the toxicity and genotoxicity of water samples because it can be used without any concentration or purification of samples before testing. Clear inhibition of growth, compared to the control sample, was produced by the second sample. This sample, taken just after entry of the canal was the only one which produced a statistically significant increase in the number of chromosome aberrations in comparison with the control sample (X2(i) = 10.7, p<0.001). The results of our test and the chemical analyses of the water samples, show that both toxic and genotoxic effects of the Danube water may occur due to water coming in from the canal even 5 months after the chemicals had leaked into the canal.Kao posledica bombardovanja Petrohemijskog kompleksa, Rafinerije nafte i hemijske industrije Pančevo - HIP Azotara u blizini Pančeva u aprilu 1999. godine izlile su se velike količine opasnih hemikalija u kanal za industrijsku otpadnu vodu, a njime u Dunav. Pošto je u to vreme nivo vode Dunava bio visok izlivanje hemikalija u reku trajalo je dugo vremena, tako da je cilj našeg rada bio da se proveri da li su toksični i genotoksični efekti prisutni 5 meseci nakon bombardovanja. Za tu svrhu analizirana su tri uzorka Dunavske vode (uzvodno od kanala, na ušću kanala i nizvodno od kanala). Svatri uzorka kao i uzorak vode iz kanala hemijski su analizirani. Za ispitivanje toksičnosti i genotoksičnosti uzoraka vode korišćen je Allium anaphase-telophase test zbog činjenice da se uzorci mogu ispitivati bez koncentrisanja ili prečišćavanja. Drugi uzorak pokazao je jasnu inhibiciju rasta korenčića luka u odnosu na kontrolni uzorak (toksični efekat). Isti uzorak je bio jedini koji je produkovao statistički značajan porast broja hromozomskih aberacija u poređenju sa kontrolom (X2(i) = 10.7, p<0.001). Rezultati testiranja kao i rezultati hemijske analize pokazuju da su tokskični i genotoksični efekati u vodi Dunava poreklom iz vode koja dolazi iz kanala.nul

Water quality of the Sava river in Belgrade region in 2003: Saprobiological analysis

The paper presents the results of the water quality studies of the Sava River in Belgrade Region. The investigations were performed in June and September 2003. The sampling area covered five locations along the 61.5 km of the river course. Studies included the qualitative, quantitative, as well as the saprobiological investigations of plankton and macrozoobenthic communities. The bioindicators analysis points to the presence of mild organic pollution indicating thus II and III-II class of water quality.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta vode reke Save u regionu Beograda. Istraživanje je obavljeno tokom juna i septembra 2003. godine. Uzorci su prikupljeni sa pet lokaliteta duž 61,5 km rečnog toka. Analizirane su zajednice planktona i makrozoobentosa sa kvalitativnog, kvantitativnog i saprobiološkog stanovišta. Saprobiološka analiza ukazuje na prisustvo umerenog organskog zagađenja, što vodu Save svrstava juna i septembra u granice II i III-II klase, pri čemu septembra, u najvećem broju slučajeva, na sam prelaz iz II u III klasu.nul

Water quality of the Sava river in Belgrade region in 2003: Saprobiological analysis

The paper presents the results of the water quality studies of the Sava River in Belgrade Region. The investigations were performed in June and September 2003. The sampling area covered five locations along the 61.5 km of the river course. Studies included the qualitative, quantitative, as well as the saprobiological investigations of plankton and macrozoobenthic communities. The bioindicators analysis points to the presence of mild organic pollution indicating thus II and III-II class of water quality.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta vode reke Save u regionu Beograda. Istraživanje je obavljeno tokom juna i septembra 2003. godine. Uzorci su prikupljeni sa pet lokaliteta duž 61,5 km rečnog toka. Analizirane su zajednice planktona i makrozoobentosa sa kvalitativnog, kvantitativnog i saprobiološkog stanovišta. Saprobiološka analiza ukazuje na prisustvo umerenog organskog zagađenja, što vodu Save svrstava juna i septembra u granice II i III-II klase, pri čemu septembra, u najvećem broju slučajeva, na sam prelaz iz II u III klasu.nul

Water quality of the Danube river in Belgrade region in 2003: Saprobiological analysis

Water quality studies of the Danube river in Belgrade region were performed at five locations, in June and September, 2003. Results of the qualitative quantitative and saprobiological analyses of plankton and macrozoobenthic communities were used for the water quality assessment and the categorization of the watercourse examined. The bioindicator analysis points to the presence of mild organic pollution, water quality varying between the II and III class.Proućavanja kvaliteta vode reke Dunav u beogradskom regionu obavljena su na pet lokaliteta, juna i septembra 2003. godine. Kvalitativna, kvantitativna i saprobiološka analiza zajednica planktona i makrozoobentosa poslužile su za procenu kvaliteta vode i kategorizaciju vodotoka. Na osnovu izračunatih vrednosti indeksa saprobnosti S, procenjeno je da se kvalitet vode, juna kretao u rasponu od II-III i III-II klase, dok je septembra bio uglavnom u intervalu od II do III klase, u najvećem broju slučajeva na prelazu iz II u III klasu.nul

Water quality of the Danube river in Belgrade region in 2003: Saprobiological analysis

Water quality studies of the Danube river in Belgrade region were performed at five locations, in June and September, 2003. Results of the qualitative quantitative and saprobiological analyses of plankton and macrozoobenthic communities were used for the water quality assessment and the categorization of the watercourse examined. The bioindicator analysis points to the presence of mild organic pollution, water quality varying between the II and III class.Proućavanja kvaliteta vode reke Dunav u beogradskom regionu obavljena su na pet lokaliteta, juna i septembra 2003. godine. Kvalitativna, kvantitativna i saprobiološka analiza zajednica planktona i makrozoobentosa poslužile su za procenu kvaliteta vode i kategorizaciju vodotoka. Na osnovu izračunatih vrednosti indeksa saprobnosti S, procenjeno je da se kvalitet vode, juna kretao u rasponu od II-III i III-II klase, dok je septembra bio uglavnom u intervalu od II do III klase, u najvećem broju slučajeva na prelazu iz II u III klasu.nul

The presence of genotoxic substances in the river Danube five months after bombardment of the industrial zone of Pančevo as revealed by the Allium anaphase-telophase genotoxicity assay

The consequence of aerial bombardment of the petrochemical complex, oil refinery and chemical industry including the HIP 'Azotara' fertilizer factory in the vicinity of Pančevo in April 1999 was that a large amount of dangerous chemicals leaked into the canal collecting industrial wastewater and flowed pouring out into the Danube. As the level of water in the Danube was high at that time, leaking of chemicals from the canal into the river lasted for a long time. Therefore the aim of this work was to check if toxic and genotoxic effects were present 5 months after the bombardment. Three samples of Danube water (upstream from the canal, just after the opening of the canal and downstream from the canal) were used for this purpose. All three samples plus a sample from the canal were also chemically analyzed. The Allium anaphase-telophase test was used to examine the toxicity and genotoxicity of water samples because it can be used without any concentration or purification of samples before testing. Clear inhibition of growth, compared to the control sample, was produced by the second sample. This sample, taken just after entry of the canal was the only one which produced a statistically significant increase in the number of chromosome aberrations in comparison with the control sample (X2(i) = 10.7, p<0.001). The results of our test and the chemical analyses of the water samples, show that both toxic and genotoxic effects of the Danube water may occur due to water coming in from the canal even 5 months after the chemicals had leaked into the canal.Kao posledica bombardovanja Petrohemijskog kompleksa, Rafinerije nafte i hemijske industrije Pančevo - HIP Azotara u blizini Pančeva u aprilu 1999. godine izlile su se velike količine opasnih hemikalija u kanal za industrijsku otpadnu vodu, a njime u Dunav. Pošto je u to vreme nivo vode Dunava bio visok izlivanje hemikalija u reku trajalo je dugo vremena, tako da je cilj našeg rada bio da se proveri da li su toksični i genotoksični efekti prisutni 5 meseci nakon bombardovanja. Za tu svrhu analizirana su tri uzorka Dunavske vode (uzvodno od kanala, na ušću kanala i nizvodno od kanala). Svatri uzorka kao i uzorak vode iz kanala hemijski su analizirani. Za ispitivanje toksičnosti i genotoksičnosti uzoraka vode korišćen je Allium anaphase-telophase test zbog činjenice da se uzorci mogu ispitivati bez koncentrisanja ili prečišćavanja. Drugi uzorak pokazao je jasnu inhibiciju rasta korenčića luka u odnosu na kontrolni uzorak (toksični efekat). Isti uzorak je bio jedini koji je produkovao statistički značajan porast broja hromozomskih aberacija u poređenju sa kontrolom (X2(i) = 10.7, p<0.001). Rezultati testiranja kao i rezultati hemijske analize pokazuju da su tokskični i genotoksični efekati u vodi Dunava poreklom iz vode koja dolazi iz kanala.nul

Spreading of Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) in the Danube River (Serbia)

Detailed limnological investigations of the Serbian Danube stretch at 11 sampling sites in a 396 km long sector of the Danube River (from 1260 r-km to 863.4 r-km) were performed from April 2002 to November 2010. Samples were collected seasonally (April, June, September and November). A Ponto-Caspian element, quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov 1897), was found for the first time in the Serbian Danube stretch in April 2010 at sampling site Veliko Gradiste (1059 r-km). Our furthest upstream finding of this species was at site Ram (1071 r-km). Species identification was done by the morphology of its shells. In addition, a comparison with another dreissenid species Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas 1771) was made based on shell morphology. Population density of quagga mussel was low, with the ratio of D. polymorpha to D. rostriformis bugensis being around 5:1. The finding of D. rostriformis bugensis in the Serbian Danube stretch is evidence that this invasive Ponto-Caspian species moved the limit of its distribution upstream in the Danube River which is one of the main corridors used for its spread from Eastern (Romania, Bulgaria) to Western Europe.Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [146021]; Serbian Ministry of Education and Science [176018

Spreading of Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) in the Danube River (Serbia)

Detailed limnological investigations of the Serbian Danube stretch at 11 sampling sites in a 396 km long sector of the Danube River (from 1260 r-km to 863.4 r-km) were performed from April 2002 to November 2010. Samples were collected seasonally (April, June, September and November). A Ponto-Caspian element, quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov 1897), was found for the first time in the Serbian Danube stretch in April 2010 at sampling site Veliko Gradiste (1059 r-km). Our furthest upstream finding of this species was at site Ram (1071 r-km). Species identification was done by the morphology of its shells. In addition, a comparison with another dreissenid species Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas 1771) was made based on shell morphology. Population density of quagga mussel was low, with the ratio of D. polymorpha to D. rostriformis bugensis being around 5:1. The finding of D. rostriformis bugensis in the Serbian Danube stretch is evidence that this invasive Ponto-Caspian species moved the limit of its distribution upstream in the Danube River which is one of the main corridors used for its spread from Eastern (Romania, Bulgaria) to Western Europe.Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [146021]; Serbian Ministry of Education and Science [176018

Oligochaetes (Annelida, Oligochaeta) of the Vlasina river (South-East Serbia): diversity and distribution

The composition of the Oligochaeta community of the Vlasina river and two tributaries, the Gradska and the Luznica river was considered in relation to environmental factors. Both, diversity and species distribution of aquatic worms were analyzed. Twenty-six species of Oligochaeta from 17 genera belonging to seven families were recorded. The species showed different ecological requirements. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Lumbriculus variegatus, Tubifex tubifex, Propappus volki, Nais pseudobtusa and Nais communis appeared the most frequent and abundant species in the rivers studied. Habitat heterogeneity within a single sampling site and good water quality are important factors determining the diversity of aquatic worm species. The uniformity of oligochaetes along the water course resulted primarily from similar habitats at all sampling sites.nul

Qualitative study of Mollusca communities in the Serbian Danube stretch (river km 1260-863.4)

First detailed limnological study was performed from April 2003 to June 2008 in a 396.6 km long section of the Serbian Danube (divided in three parts; from 1260 r-km to 863.4 r-km) to examine community composition and spatial distribution of Mollusca with special attention to the expansion of Ponto-Caspian species, propagation of invasive and introduced species and occurrence of endemic species. Mollusca samples were collected at 15 sites in April, June, September and November. We investigated the spatial distributions and calculated the faunistic similarity of localities with respect to the community composition using the Sorensen Quotient of Similarity. Site variation in analyzed qualitative traits was examined using correspondence analysis. Additionally, the obtained Complete Linkage City-block (Manhattan) distances among sites/parts were subjected to UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages) cluster analysis. The class Gastropoda was represented by 18 species from two subclasses (Prosobranchia - six families and Pulmonata - three families).The class Bivalvia was represented by 15 species from four families of order Eulamellibranchiata. Mollusca were represented by 33 species belonging to 17 genera and 13 families. Out of five recorded Ponto-Caspian species in the studied Danube stretch, Lithoglyphus naticoides (Pfeiffer, 1828) and Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) are assumed to be invasive species with the highest occurrence frequency (F = 1, each). Four new species in invertebrate fauna for the Danube, denoted as the introduced species - Neozoa, were identified: Theodoxus fluviatilis (L., 1758), Corbicula fluminalis (Muller, 1774), C. fluminea (Muller, 1774), and Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834). The only endemic species of Gastropoda found in the Danube was Viviparus acerosus Bourguignat, 1862.Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia [146021]; Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development [176018