11 research outputs found
Cross-cultural research in cross-border regions: verbal and non-verbal professional communication Method and Survey Design
Abstract. Cultural understanding, next to language competence, is critical for effective (international) communication. As nations are not necessarily homogeneous in terms of cultural characteristics, it is recommended to shift the (cross-) cultural research focus from nations to smaller units. The authors explain how a selection was made from 11 cultural dimensions, based on extensive literature research, in order to enable a cross-cultural research in a cross-border region; in this case a Euregion
Affordances and limitations of learning analytics for computer-assisted language learning: a case study of the VITAL project
Learning analytics (LA) has emerged as a field that offers promising new ways to support failing or weaker students, prevent drop-out and aid retention. However, other research suggests that large datasets of learner activity can be used to understand online learning behaviour and improve pedagogy. While the use of LA in language learning has received little attention to date, available research suggests that understanding language learner behaviour could provide valuable insights into task design for instructors and materials designers, as well as help students with effective learning strategies and personalised learning pathways. This paper first discusses previous research in the field of language learning and teaching based on learner tracking and the specific affordances of LA for CALL, as well as its inherent limitations and challenges. The second part of the paper analyses data arising from the European Commission (EC) funded VITAL project that adopted a bottom-up pedagogical approach to LA and implemented learner activity tracking in different blended or distance learning settings. Referring to data arising from 285 undergraduate students on a Business French course at Hasselt University which used a flipped classroom design, statistical and process-mining techniques were applied to map and visualise actual uses of online learning resources over the course of one semester.
Results suggested that most students planned their self-study sessions in accordance with the flipped classroom design, both in terms of their timing of online activity and selection of contents. Other metrics measuring active online engagement â a crucial component of successful flipped learning - indicated significant differences between successful and non-successful students. Meaningful learner patterns were revealed in the data, visualising studentsâ paths through the online learning environment and uses of the different activity types. The research implied that valuable insights for instructors, course designers and students can be acquired based on the tracking and analysis of language learner data and the use of visualisation and process-mining tools
Non-Invasive Molecular Imaging of Fibrosis Using a Collagen-Targeted Peptidomimetic of the Platelet Collagen Receptor Glycoprotein VI
Background: Fibrosis, which is characterized by the pathological accumulation of collagen, is recognized as an important feature of many chronic diseases, and as such, constitutes an enormous health burden. We need non-invasive specific methods for the early diagnosis and follow-up of fibrosis in various disorders. Collagen targeting molecules are therefore of interest for potential in vivo imaging of fibrosis. In this study, we developed a collagen-specific probe using a new approach that takes advantage of the inherent specificity of Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), the main platelet receptor for collagens I and III. Methodology/Principal: Findings An anti-GPVI antibody that neutralizes collagen-binding was used to screen a bacterial random peptide library. A cyclic motif was identified, and the corresponding peptide (designated collagelin) was synthesized. Solid-phase binding assays and histochemical analysis showed that collagelin specifically bound to collagen (Kd 10â7 M) in vitro, and labelled collagen fibers ex vivo on sections of rat aorta and rat tail. Collagelin is therefore a new specific probe for collagen. The suitability of collagelin as an in vivo probe was tested in a rat model of healed myocardial infarctions (MI). Injecting Tc-99m-labelled collagelin and scintigraphic imaging showed that uptake of the probe occurred in the cardiac area of rats with MI, but not in controls. Post mortem autoradiography and histological analysis of heart sections showed that the labeled areas coincided with fibrosis. Scintigraphic molecular imaging with collagelin provides high resolution, and good contrast between the fibrotic scars and healthy tissues. The capacity of collagelin to image fibrosis in vivo was confirmed in a mouse model of lung fibrosis. Conclusion/Significance: Collagelin is a new collagen-targeting agent which may be useful for non-invasive detection of fibrosis in a broad spectrum of diseases.Psycholog
Recherche comparative internationale à la base de trois méthodes de LSP
Linguaplan Limburg, recherche comparative internationale, a dâabord dressĂ© lâinventaire des problĂšmes dâordre linguistique de 1 000 PME-PMI. Cette premiĂšre partie quantitative fut suivie par une phase axĂ©e sur une analyse qualitative Ă double objectif : lâĂ©tablissement de profils langagiers dĂ©taillĂ©s de certains mĂ©tiers-professions rĂ©sultant du susdit inventaire dâune part, la constitution et lâanalyse de corpus Ă©crits et oraux dâautre part. Cette exploration qualitative a constituĂ© la base de la troisiĂšme phase, celle de la conception et de lâĂ©laboration de modules langagiers dâapprentissage ciblĂ©s et multimĂ©dias, de la taille la plus opĂ©rationnelle possible, et se prĂȘtant Ă lâauto-apprentissage.The principal aim of Linguaplan Limburg was a large comparative and international research. It has, in a first stage, summed up a great number of linguistic problems (in about 1000 SMEs) only to focus in a second stage on an exclusively qualitative study. This qualitative study deals on the one hand with defining the language profiles specific to a number of professions and gives on the other hand a written and oral corpus including its analysis. This study was the basis for the creation of language learning methods concentrating both on professional needs and multimedia. Being as user-friendly as possible, the methods also aim home study
Alpern B. et Doubinger J. (1973) â Les miospores monolĂštes du PalĂ©ozoĂŻque. In : «Microfossiles organiques du PalĂ©ozoĂŻque, 6 : Les spores», Ed. du C.N.R.S., 104 p
Alpern B. et Doubinger J. (1973) â Les miospores monolĂštes du PalĂ©ozoĂŻque. In : «Microfossiles organiques du PalĂ©ozoĂŻque, 6 : Les spores», Ed. du C.N.R.S., 104 p. In: Sciences GĂ©ologiques. Bulletin, tome 26, n°4, 1973. SĂ©dimentologie et gĂ©ochimie de la surface. p. 369
La quadrature du cercle
Professionals need foreign languages more and more. But especially in the large and heterogeneous world of the S. M. E.â s, people do not have much time or large budgets. Moreover, they require guaranteed results. A panacea ? The best knowledge possible of the four constituents of the learning process. 1) A detailed linguistic diagnosis of the learner. 2) A very precise inventory of the learnerâs language needs (= learning objectives). 3) An excellent knowledge of the learnerâs learning profile. 4) A strict selection of the learning elements. Starting from that knowledge, multimedia self-learning packages can be developed.Les professionnels sont confrontĂ©s de plus en plus Ă des besoins langagiers. Mais surtout dans le monde trĂšs vaste et trĂšs variĂ© des P. M. E.-P. M. I., on ne dispose que de trĂšs peu de temps et souvent de budgets rĂ©duits. Qui plus est, on exige une garantie de rendement ! Une panacĂ©e ? La meilleure connaissance possible des quatre composantes de lâapprentissage : 1) Un diagnostic linguistique dĂ©taillĂ© de lâapprenant. 2) Lâinventaire le plus prĂ©cis possible de ses besoins langagiers (= objectifs de lâapprentissage). 3) Une excellente connaissance de son profil dâapprentissage. 4) Une sĂ©lection sĂ©vĂšre des unitĂ©s Ă apprendre. A partir de tous ces savoirs, des modules multimĂ©dias dâauto-apprentissage sont possibles.Clijsters Willy, Verjans Martine. La quadrature du cercle. In: Cahiers de l'APLIUT, volume 13, numĂ©ro 4, 1994. Les Langues de spĂ©cialitĂ© dans lâenseignement supĂ©rieur technologique des pays de la CommunautĂ© europĂ©enne (II) pp. 7-19
LE PROCHE ET LE LOINTAIN : ENSEIGNER, APPRENDRE ET PARTAGER DES CULTURES ĂTRANGĂRES / SĂ©ance 7 : QUELLE PLACE POUR LES OUTILS INNOVANTS DANS LâAPPRENTISSAGE DES LANGUES ET CULTURES ? : Colloque International organisĂ© par PLIDAM (PluralitĂ© des Langues et des IdentitĂ©s : Didactique, Acquisition, MĂ©diation - EA4514, Inalco, Sorbonne Paris CitĂ©)
The various resources made available by information and communications technologies push the boundaries of the classroom, gain in popularity among stakeholders of the teaching and learning of languages and cultures, and call for the establishment of new practices that focus on creativity and autonomy within the confines of the real and the virtual.Les diverses ressources offertes par les technologies de l'information et de la communication repoussent les murs de la classe, sĂ©duisent les acteurs de lâenseignement et de lâapprentissage des langues et des cultures et invitent Ă mettre en place de nouvelles pratiques axĂ©es sur la crĂ©ativitĂ© et lâautonomie aux confins du rĂ©el et du virtuel
Truncated derivatives of a multidomain thermophilic GH10 xylanase from Thermotoga maritima reveal structure related activity profiles and substrate hydrolysis patterns
Efficient heteroxylan degradation in the context of economically feasible lignocellulosic biomass biorefining requires xylanolytic enzymes with optimal thermostability and specificity. Therefore, the structure activity relationship of a modular thermophilic glycoside hydrolase family 10 xylanase (xylanase A from Thermotoga maritima MSB8, rXTMA) was investigated through construction of six truncated derivatives, lacking at least one of the 2 N- and/or 2 C-terminal modules. The temperatures for optimal activity and stability of the xylanases were strongly influenced by the presence of the different modules and ranged from 60 to 80 °C and 50 to 80 °C, respectively. In contrast, the pH for optimal activity was only slightly affected (pH 6.0 to 7.0). The tested xylanases retained over 80% activity after 2 h pre-incubation at 50 °C between pH 5.0 and 11.0. Most unexpectedly, changes in the modular structure led to a 26-fold wide range of specific activities of the enzymes towards xylohexaose, while the activity towards insoluble polymeric heteroxylan was comparable for all but one xylanase. rXTMAÎC, lacking the C-terminal modules, had a 60% higher specific activity towards the latter substrate than the wild type enzyme. These results show that key properties of XTMA can be tuned to allow for optimal performance of the enzyme in biotechnological processes such as in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.status: publishe
L'apprentissage confinĂ© : passage de lâenseignement en semi autonomie Ă tout distanciel - un paradoxe ? <br>: Distances apprivoisĂ©es.Lâenseignement confinĂ© des langues Ă©trangĂšres
Fonds audiovisuel de l'INALCO, France, © 20201. Le cadre Ă©ducatif Lâenseignement des langues peut se faire dans des contextes divers et au cours de trajectoires variĂ©es. Il signifie aujourdâhui :inter(agir), de plus en plus en dehors du cadre institutionnel, de plus en plus Ă distance, de plus en plus Ă lâĂ©chelle mondiale. Pour ĂȘtre appris, les savoirs linguistiques ont-ils besoin dâĂȘtre vĂ©hiculĂ©s dans un cadre Ă©ducatif ? Lâespace pĂ©dagogique du confinement octroie Ă lâenseignant une large gamme dâoptions pour organiser son dispositif dâenseignement : canaux (son, texte, vidĂ©o, etc.), modes (synchrone, asynchrone), sĂ©ances (individuelles ou collectives). Lâenseignement ne se dĂ©roule plus dans un lieu spĂ©cifique (lâĂ©tablissement), selon un cadrage horaire immuable (lâemploi du temps), autour de fonctions et de rĂŽles codifiĂ©s.2. Lâoutil Les dispositifs de partage de ressources multimodales et de coconstruction des connaissances en ligne constituent des Ă©volutions qui apparaissent comme en partie irrĂ©versibles. Enseigner Ă des publics lointains est une rĂ©alitĂ© depuis plusieurs dizaines dâannĂ©es. De nombreux dispositifs en ligne cherchent la flexibilitĂ©, le suivi personnalisĂ© et tendent Ă ĂȘtre compatibles avec un maximum de supports. Toute innovation nĂ©cessite une pĂ©riode de maturation et lâadhĂ©sion dâune communautĂ© dâacteurs Ă un socle de convictions. Quel est le rĂŽle jouĂ© par les plateformes dâapprentissage en ligne, les MOODLE (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) et les MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) ?3. La structuration des connaissances Enseigner une langue signifie : dĂ©crire un systĂšme et affronter sa complexitĂ©, planifier et rĂ©guler lâautomatisation des rĂ©flexes, proposer une alternance entre des sĂ©quences de maniement tantĂŽt plus souples, tantĂŽt plus directifs. Comment trouver le bon dosage entre guidage et libertĂ© dans un contexte oĂč lâespace de travail se dĂ©matĂ©rialise du jour au lendemain ? La distance crĂ©e le besoin dâautonomisation. Des millions dâapprenants potentiels sont aujourdâhui en contact informel avec des langues Ă©trangĂšres (avec une prĂ©dominance de l'anglais sur la Toile) grĂące Ă des ressources authentiques variĂ©es. Ă lâheure des Ă©changes planĂ©taires que suscitent les rĂ©seaux sociaux est-il encore nĂ©cessaire de structurer prĂ©alablement le champ des connaissances ?4. DĂ©dramatiser la crise Ă un moment oĂč la palette des moyens techniques sâĂ©largit, entre rĂ©alitĂ©s physique et virtuelle, hors ligne et en ligne, comment ĂȘtre Ă la fois stimulant, innovant et scientifiquement valide afin que lâapprenant rĂ©ussisse Ă avoir les connaissances, la solution des tĂąches quâon lui impose et le comportement quâon attend de lui ? Le jeu apparaĂźt comme une rĂ©elle stratĂ©gie pĂ©dagogique quifavorise lâexpression, tout en âestompantâ la situation dâapprentissage en particulier lorsquâelle est traumatisante. Comment concilier les ressorts ludiques et les objectifs dâacquisition ? La situation d'apprentissage reste-t-elle essentiellement formelle (besoin de correction, nĂ©cessitĂ© dâĂ©valuation et rappel du contrat pĂ©dagogique) ou devient-elle plus informelle Ă mĂȘme de dĂ©dramatiser la crise ? 5. Lâenseignant et sa formation Savoir enseigner Ă distance devient-il un Ă©lĂ©ment constitutif de lâexpertise des professeurs de langues Ă©trangĂšres ? Concevoir un parcours dâapprentissage accessible Ă distance et assurer le suivi des tĂąches Ă travers des outils de communication nĂ©cessite lâadoption dâun discours pĂ©dagogique mĂȘlant le cognitif et lâaffectif, la clartĂ© des consignes et des rĂ©troactions. Les attraits du numĂ©rique ne doivent pas occulter le rĂŽle central du scĂ©nario pĂ©dagogique. Quels que soient les supports de transmission (de plus en plus sophistiquĂ©s dans leur multimodalitĂ©) et les besoins de communication (encore inconnus) qui Ă©mergent, la modernitĂ© ne semble pas mettre en pĂ©ril la relation humaine professeur / apprenant. Une classe de langue Ă©trangĂšre, individualisĂ©e ou collective, traditionnelle ou confinĂ©e, est portĂ©e par la richesse et la cohĂ©rence des pratiques pĂ©dagogiques mises en oeuvre.6. Le prĂ©sent et lâavenir La communication Ă©lectronique devient-elle une nouvelle modalitĂ© dâapprentissage des langues Ă l'Ă©chelle mondiale ? Les cours confinĂ©s seront-ils Ă mĂȘme de renouveler la pĂ©dagogie des langues ? Ă lâĂ©chelle mondiale, permettront-ils de sortir les cyber-apprenants de lâanonymat, de diversifier la palette des langues enseignĂ©es et dâapporter aux pays les plus dĂ©favorisĂ©s des formations Ă distance en langues Ă©trangĂšres ? Quelles seront les modalitĂ©s d'apprentissage de demain ? Par quels canaux et par quels dispositifs apprendra-t-on des langues Ă©trangĂšres ? Que devient la classe de langue ? Que deviennent les centres de ressources, les espaces multimĂ©dias dĂ©diĂ©s au perfectionnement en langues ? Quelle articulation entre apprentissage formel et informel, entre distanciel et prĂ©sentiel