Detailed list of sub-use cases, applicable forecasting methodologies and necessary output variables

Work package 4 (WP4) within LEVITATE is concerned with gathering city visions and developing feasible paths of automated vehicles related interventions to achieve policy goals. City visions contributed to the project in assessing the impact indicators that are needed to be addressed for a useful policy support tool (PST). Previous deliverables of WP4 (deliverable 4.2 and 4.3) used backcasting methods to develop feasible pathways to reach these goals by using policy interventions related to connected and automated transport systems (CATS). These were carried out for the city of Vienna, Amsterdam and Greater Manchester.This deliverable summarises the work that has been conducted in the frame of WP4 and sets the scene for the core LEVITATE work packages (WPs 5, 6 and 7), which address the three main use cases of the project: Urban transport, Passenger cars and Freight transport. Further, the goal of this deliverable is to summarise a timewise implementation of different sub-use cases, and the forecasting methodologies that need to be employed to assess the direct, wider and systemic impacts of CATS. Discussion on the specific ways to study the impacts of the interventions using micro-simulation technique is conducted and the necessary outcome variables of the forecasting models are specified.The main contribution of deliverable 4.4 is a consolidated list of sub-use cases and output variables, and an indicative timewise implementation of the interventions. The list of sub-use cases and interventions was evaluated against the available methods by performing a decision-making exercise among the project partners. From this evaluation, downselection was carried out during a plenary project meeting at the Hague in October 2019, to select the most appropriate and feasible sub-use cases and interventions. Later, these items were arranged on a timeline from present (2020) to 2040 to indicate possible arrival of the services, technologies or interventions due to the anticipated arrival of CATS. This gives an insight into what changes are to be expected in a future city.A small extract from Deliverable 3.2 (methods that could be applied to measure societal level impacts from CATS) is included in the current deliverable to provide a short summary of the methods available for forecasting societal level impacts. Since the systemic and wider impacts are somewhat dependent on the direct impact, traffic micro-simulation method is the first choice to initially get direct impact. Therefore, this method is described in more detail. Further research is being undertaken in WPs 5, 6 and 7 to assess the impacts from specified sub-use cases in the most efficient way. To determine these impacts quantitatively, a list of impact indicators is presented as output variables for the various methods that will be employed.</p

Policy recommendations for connected, cooperative, and automated mobility

This deliverable presents the summary of key findings based on the impact assessment of Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) technologies and services, performed within the Levitate project. Based on these findings this Deliverable identifies key factors with implications for future policy making and recommends areas for deeper consideration to policymakers. To build the background, a brief summary of the impact assessment framework within Levitate and discussion is presented on the vision of the two city project partners ‘Transport for Greater Manchester’ and ‘City of Vienna’. [...]</p

The medium-term impacts of cooperative, connected, and automated mobility on passenger transport

The aim of the LEVITATE project is to prepare a new impact assessment framework to enable policymakers to manage the introduction of connected and automated transport systems, maximise the benefits and utilise the technologies to achieve societal objectives. As part of this work the LEVITATE project seeks to forecast societal level impacts of cooperative, connected, and automated mobility (CCAM). These include impacts on mobility, safety, environment, economy, and society. This report presents a wide range of medium-term or systemic impacts of CCAM and various policy interventions for managing passenger car transport. The medium-term impacts analysed include congestion, amount of travel, model split using public transport, model split using active travel, shared mobility rate, vehicle utilization rate and vehicle occupancy. Based on discussions with city officials and industry professionals, a list of key interventions, termed sub-use cases (SUC), were selected to be tested through different applicable methods. These include road use pricing, provision of dedicated lanes on urban highways, parking price policies, parking space regulations, automated ride sharing, and green light optimal speed advisory (GLOSA). The methodologies for analysing the impacts of the studied interventions were selected based on their feasibility and adequacy in examining the system level or medium-term impacts. They included mesoscopic simulation, microscopic simulation, system dynamics, and Delphi method. The deployment of CAVs was tested from 0 to 100% with 20% increments under all SUCs. The behaviours of CAVs were defined based on an extensive literature review performed as part of the LEVITATE project. Two types of CAVs were included in the analysis, 1st Generation CAVs and second Generation CAVs, where 2nd generation CAVs were assumed to have improved driving characteristics and enhanced cognitive capabilities, which will lead to shorter time gaps as compared to 1st generation CAVs and human-driven vehicles. [...]</p

The long-term impacts of cooperative, connected, and automated mobility on passenger transport

The aim of the LEVITATE project is to prepare a new impact assessment framework to enable policymakers to manage the introduction of connected and automated transport systems, maximise the benefits and utilise the technologies to achieve societal objectives. As part of this work the LEVITATE project seeks to forecast societal level impacts of cooperative, connected, and automated mobility (CCAM). This report aims to provide an analysis of the long-term impacts of CCAM on a variety of passenger transport related policy interventions, termed as sub-use cases (SUC) in this document. The long-term impacts analysed include demand for parking spaces, road safety, energy efficiency, emissions, public health, accessibility in transport, and commuting distances. Based on the review of scientific literature, industrial/political roadmaps, discussions with city officials and industry professionals, and backcasting city dialogues, a list of key policy interventions (SUC) was developed to be tested through different methods. These include road use pricing, provision of dedicated lanes on urban highways, parking space regulations, parking price policies, automated ridesharing, and green light optimal speed advisory (GLOSA) system. The methodologies for analysing the impacts of the studied interventions were selected based on their feasibility and adequacy in examining the long-term impacts.</p

Levitate Project - Societal level impacts of connected and automated vehicles: Final technical report

The Levitate project • has a focus on cities and is helping administrations achieve policy goals against a background of increasing automation • has analysed the impact of the introduction of CAVs onto EU roads • has developed methods to forecast the impacts of CAV technologies and services • has applied the methods to ‘hot topics’ proposed by the cities • has developed a new policy support tool to provide policymakers with the best forecasts for their city • has developed a toolbox of methods that can be used widely</p