Experimental procedure.

<p>QST  =  Quantitative Sensory Testing, VAS  =  Subjects’ rating of anxiety (healthy controls and FMS) and clinical pain (FMS only) on a visual analogue scale, ECG  =  Recording of stress-induced changes of the heart rate and sympathovagal balance, TSST  =  Trier Social Stress Test.</p

Changes of sensory pain thresholds (QST) during experimentally induced stress in healthy subjects (HC) and patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

<p>CDT  =  cold detection threshold, WDT  =  warm detection threshold, CPT  =  cold pain threshold, HPT  =  heat pain threshold, MPT  =  mechanical pain threshold, WUR  =  wind-up ratio, PPT  =  pressure pain threshold, HC  =  healthy controls, FMS  =  fibromyalgia patients.</p

Changes of QST dimensions under stress.

<p>QST  =  Quantitative Sensory Testing, GLM  =  general linear model, CDT  =  cold detection threshold, WDT  =  warm detection threshold, CPT  =  cold pain threshold, HPT  =  heat pain threshold, MPT  =  mechanical pain threshold, WUR  =  wind-up ratio, PPT  =  pressure pain threshold. * Data were log-transformed before analysis.</p

Emotional and cardiac effects of the experimental stressor (TSST).

<p>HR  =  heart rate, SVB  =  sympathovagal balance, VAS  =  visual analogue scale.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.

<p>BDI  =  Beck Depression Inventory, STAI  =  Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, CTQ  =  Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, TICS  =  Trierer Inventory of Chronic stress.</p

Semi-automated vessel measurements based on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO): healthy controls compared to CADASIL patients.

<p>(n) number of total eyes; (v) number of total vessels; (n/a) too few vessels in the respective sector to calculate p-value.</p><p>Semi-automated vessel measurements based on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO): healthy controls compared to CADASIL patients.</p

Confocal scanning laser (cSLO) infrared image illustrating semi-automatic measurement tool.

<p>Three concentrial circles (blue 3.2 mm, green 3.5 mm, red 3.8 mm) are placed around the optic disc. Vessel labelling marks arteries (a) and veins (v). Measurement lines (cyan) are defined by the software user. Additional measurement lines automatically produced by the software are shown exemplary in artery two (a2; set of five lines). Yellow lines separate superior (S), inferior (I), nasal (N) and temporal (T) quadrant.</p

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: healthy controls compared to CADASIL patients.

<p>(n) number of eyes.</p><p>*superior and inferior measurements were calculated based on data from nasal superior and temporal superior quadrants and from nasal inferior and temporal inferior quadrants respectively.</p><p>Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: healthy controls compared to CADASIL patients.</p

Data overview regarding manual retinal vessel measurements based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

<p>(n) number of patients.</p><p>*measurements performed at 960 µm from the optic disc edge.</p>#<p>circular SD-OCT scan 3.5 mm in diameter.</p><p>Data overview regarding manual retinal vessel measurements based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.</p

A–D Combined simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

<p><b>A–B</b> Infrared cSLO image centered on the optic disc of a healthy control subject (A) and a CADASIL patient (B). Green circle indicates the position of corresponding SD-OCT scan. Light green section inferiorly on the circle marks the localization of corresponding SD-OCT scan shown aside. <b>C–D</b> Magnified SD-OCT scans of healthy control subject (C) and CADASIL patient (D) show sections of major retinal vessels appearing as a group of heterogeneous reflectivities in a round-shaped configuration. Asterisks mark the inner and outer reflections of arterial vessel walls and diamonds indicate inner and outer reflections of venous vessel walls. Hyperreflectivities representing the vessel walls seem thicker and more accentuated in the CADASIL patient. Particularly in veins, demarcation of the inferior vessel wall (towards the retinal pigment epithelium) often remains challenging due to absorption effects also seen as acoustical shadow underneath the vessel (towards the retinal pigment epithelium). Note the typical hour-glass shaped configuration within the vessel lumen in both subjects. Lateral vessel walls cannot be visualized as OCT laser beam is not projected perpendicularly to them.</p