ON THE COORDINATION OF THE EUROPEAN AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER INTERNALIZING POLICIES

The point of departure of this work is the lack of coordination of European environmental internalizing policies. At the national level, while the water authority generally has to internalize the negative externalities of water extraction, the agricultural one aims at encouraging environmentally friendly one. More locally, considering an aquifer as being the only vector of environmental effects, we show that the externalities occurring can compensate themselves in such a way that the open-loop Nash game played by the two distinct authorities in charge of these policies is inefficient. In this special case, we propose to implement a coordinated policy based on a double fiscal scheme also showed budget balanced.water policy; agricultural policy; externalities

SHOULD WE REALLOCATE PATENT FEES TO THE UNIVERSITIES ?

: In knowledge economies, patent agencies are often viewed as a relevant instrument of an efficient innovation policy. This paper brings a new support to that idea. We claim that these agencies should play an increasing role in the regulation of the relation between heterogeneous private R&D labs and public fundamental research units, especially concerning the question of the appropriation of free basic research results. Since these two institutions work with opposite institutional arrangements (see Dasgupta and David [9]), we essentially argue that there is, on the one hand, an over-appropriation of these results while, on the other hand, there is also an under-provision of free usable results issued from more fundamental research. We show how a public patent office can restore efficiency.Science and technology; patent agency; innovation policy

SHOULD WE REALLOCATE PATENT FEES TO THE UNIVERSITIES ?

In knowledge economies, patent agencies are often viewed as a relevant instrument of an efficient innovation policy. This paper brings a new support to that idea. We claim that these agencies should play an increasing role in the regulation of the relation between heterogeneous private R&D labs and public fundamental research units, especially concerning the question of the appropriation of free basic research results. Since these two institutions work with opposite institutional arrangements (see Dasgupta and David [9]), we essentially argue that there is, on the one hand, an over-appropriation of these results while, on the other hand, there is also an under-provision of free usable results issued from more fundamental research. We show how a public patent office can restore efficiency

Doit-on réguler l'appropriation des connaissances ?

Nous proposons dans ce travail de considérer le stock de connaissances exploitables par des laboratoires privés à des fins de dépôts de brevets comme un commun dont l'évolution au cours du temps dépend à la fois du nombre de brevets déposés et d'un co-produit des activités de recherche de l'Université. Nous montrons tout d'abord que la compétition entre les laboratoires supposés stratégiques génère, à court terme, une sur-appropriation du stock de connaissances dont l'effet, à long terme, est de réduire les possibilités de dépôts de brevets. Nous montrons ensuite que la taxation des dépôts de brevets constitue un outil efficace de régulation du processus de privatisation des connaissances

ON THE COORDINATION OF THE EUROPEAN AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER INTERNALIZING POLICIES

The point of departure of this work is the lack of coordination of European environmental internalizing policies. At the national level, while the water authority generally has to internalize the negative externalities of water extraction, the agricultural one aims at encouraging environmentally friendly one. More locally, considering an aquifer as being the only vector of environmental effects, we show that the externalities occurring can compensate themselves in such a way that the open-loop Nash game played by the two distinct authorities in charge of these policies is inefficient. In this special case, we propose to implement a coordinated policy based on a double fiscal scheme also showed budget balanced