Alien Registration- Bohn, Martin J. (Steuben, Washington County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/1426/thumbnail.jp

Toleranzmanagement im Entwicklungsprozess: Reduzierung der Auswirkungen von Toleranzen auf Zusammenbauten der Automobil-Karosserien

Erstmalige Betrachtung von Toleranzmanagement im Karosseriebau. Das vollständig in den automobilen Entwicklungsprozess implementierte Toleranzkonzept ermöglicht höhere Prognosegüten der Funktionsmaße in frühen Konstruktionsphasen. Darüber hinaus wurden die in der Methode enthaltenen Hilfsmittel wie z.B. Konstruktionskataloge zum Toleranzgerechten Konstruieren, FEM-basierte Streuungsvorhersage von Pressteilen und ein Vorhersagetool zur Beurteilung des Bezugsstellenwechsels entwickelt

LuxTrace: indoor positioning using building illumination

Tracking location is challenging due to the numerous constraints of practical systems including, but not limited to global cost, device volume and weight, scalability and accuracy; these constraints are typically more severe for systems that should be wearable and used indoors. We investigate the use of wearable solar cells to track changing light conditions (a concept that we named LuxTrace) as a source of user displacement and activity data. We evaluate constraints of this approach and present results from an experimental validation of displacement and activity estimation. The results indicate that a distance estimation accuracy of 21cm (80% quantile) can be achieved. A simple method to combine LuxTrace with complementary absolute location estimation methods is also presented. We apply carpet-like distributed RFID tags to demonstrate online learning of new lighting environment

Wie kann die dynamische Festkörper-modellierung beim motorischen Lernen behilflich sein? Fertigkeitserwerb mit hilfe dynamischer Modellierung

The purpose of this research project was to bridge the gap between motion analysists and athletes and coaches by establishing a platform for the communication amongst the three parties. The first part of this project depicted that: 1) differences amongst the external view (motion analysists), internal sight (athletes) and internal sight from external view (coaches) were caused by the inertial (environment-fixed) and the non-inertial (body-fixed) system; 2) joint rotations were not identical with the muscular moment, therefore, passive rotations can occur; 3) critical phases in a skill control, which can be revealed by using modeling simulation, should be emphasized during learning; and 4) dynamic modeling has the potential to link and to unify the three views and supply a more holistic picture of human motor control. Based on these results, a learning model was constructed in the second part of the project. The essence of the model is to supply learners with the control signal (muscle moments) obtained from individual anthropometrical data and should-be-learned kinematics. Such an individualized learning process consists of: 1) obtaining kinematic characteristics of a should-be-learned skill using motion capture, 2) substituting the model’s anthropometrical data with a learner’s data, and applying inverse dynamic analysis to the model for obtaining muscle moments – the individualized control signal, and 3) applying the control information in the skill learning. The model was validated in a motor learning study. The study unveiled that dynamic modeling is well suited for improving communication with athletes and coaches as well as for improving efficiency of learning.Uvod Svrha ovog istraživačkog projekta bila je premostiti jaz između znanstvenika koji se bave istraživanjima pokreta te sportaša i trenera uspostavljanjem platforme za komunikaciju između triju skupina. U prvom dijelu projekta (Shan i sur., 2004) utvrđeno je da: 1) su razlike između vanjske perspektive (analitičari pokreta), unutarnjeg pogleda (dojam sportaša) i unutarnjeg gledišta iz vanjske perspektive (treneri) uzrokovane inercijalnim (nepomičan u odnosu na okolini) i neinercijalnim (nepomičan u odnosu na sportaševo tijelo) sustavom, kao i uparivanjem segmenata tijela; 2) rotacije zglobova nisu jednake mišićnim momentima, stoga se mogu pojaviti pasivne rotacije; 3) kritične faze u kontroli vještine, koje se mogu otkriti korištenjem simulacije modela, iznimno su važne za učenje i da ih se treba u tom procesu naglašavati i 4) dinamičko modeliranje može poslužiti kao platforma za povezivanje i ujednačivanje tri različita pogleda te pridonijeti stvaranju cjelovitije slike o ljudskoj motoričkoj kontroli. Stoga, radi uspostavljanja što bolje komunikacije sa sportašima i trenerima, analitičari pokreta ne bi trebali stati na deskriptivnoj razini, koja nudi jedino kinematičke parametre vještine. Takva deskripcija dokazano odstupa od sportaševa osjećaja kontrole ili trenerova iskustva. Iskusni su treneri svjesni da je za pojednostavljivanje motoričkog učenja ključno učeniku / sportašu prenijeti znanje o tome koji su specifični mišići uključeni u pokret, kolika je sila potrebna te kakvo je stvarno vremensko-prostorno usklađivanje (timing) nužno za motoričku kontrolu. Ti aspekti pokreta pripadaju kontrolnim parametrima i mogu se izvesti iz dinamičkog i inverznog dinamičkog modeliranja. Takav scenarij sugerira da se dinamičko modeliranje može koristiti kao platforma za unapređenje komunikacije između analitičara pokreta i onih koji to realiziraju u praksi. U drugom di-jelu projekta (predstavljenom u ovom broju) konstruiran je model za učenje koji je utemeljen na razmatranjima iz prvog rada. Bit je modela opskrbiti onoga koji uči upravljačkim informacijama - mišićnim momentima. Takve se informacije mogu pojedinačno priskrbiti primjenom inverzne dinamičke analize na konstruiranom modelu tako da individualne antropometrijske karakteristike i kinematički parametri koje treba naučiti budu ulaz za modelnu analizu. Na taj se način dizajnira individualiziran program učenja koji sadrži: 1) dobivanje kinematičkih karakteristika vještine koju treba naučiti korištenjem zahvaćanja pokreta (motion capture) i analize, 2) zamjenjivanje modelnih antropometrijskih podataka podacima osobe koja uči i primjenu inverzne dinamičke analize na model kako bi se utvrdili zglobno-mišićni momenti, što onome koji uči daje individualizirane važne kontrolne informacije i 3) primjenu kontrolne informacije u procesu učenja vještine. Rezultati i rasprava Model je procijenjen u istraživanju iz područja motoričkog učenja. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 20 studenata sporta, podijeljenih u dvije grupe. U okviru eksperimenta istraživala su se dva aspekta učenja – znanje o pokretu i izvedba pokreta. Prva je grupa učila vještinu na konvencionalan način, koristeći se samo vizualnim informacijama. Druga je grupa uz vizualne informacije dobila i dodatne informacije o kontroli mišića. Istraživanje je evaluirano fenomenološki (pomoću upitnika) i objektivno (ekspertnom analizom video zapisa). Rezultati su pokazali da je prema, mišljenju ispitanika, metoda koja je uz vizualne nudila i kinematičke informacije kao i informacije o kontroli mišića bolja i da omogućuje bolje razumijevanje vještine. U okviru objektivne analize eksperti su procijenili da je izvedba grupe koja je imala dodatne informacije bolja od izvedbe ispitanika koji su učili na uobičajen način. Zaključak S obzirom na usporedbu subjektivne i objektivne procjene, može se zaključiti da se informacije o mišićnim momentima, dobivene na osnovi inverznog dinamičkog modeliranja, mogu koristiti kao kontrolni obrazac te da olakšavaju komunikaciju između tri skupine sudionika motoričkog učenja i da proces učenja pojednostavljuju.Die Absicht dieses Projekts war, die Kluft zwischen den Bewegungsanalysten, den Sportlern und Trainern zu überbrücken, um eine Platform für die Kommunikation zwischen den drei Parteien herzustellen. Im ersten Teil des Projekts wurde klar, dass 1) die Unterschiede zwischen der äußeren Sicht (den Bewegungsanalysten), der inneren Sicht (den Sportlern) und der inneren Sicht aus äußerem Betrachtungspunkt (den Trainern) von (umweltgebundenen) Inertialsystemen und (körpergebundenen) Nicht-Intertialsystemen verursacht sind; 2) dass die Gelenkrotationen mit den Muskelmomenten nicht identisch sind, weshalb passive Rotationen aufkommen können; 3) dass man Nachdruck auf kritische Phasen der Fertigkeitskontrolle während des Erwerbs setzen sollte, was man mit Hilfe der Modellierungssimulation erzielen kann; 4) dass die dynamische Modellierung imstande ist, die drei Sichten zu verbinden und zu vereinigen, um dadurch das holistische Bild von der menschlichen motorischen Kontrolle zu gewinnen. Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse, wurde im zweiten Teil des Projekts ein Lernmodell entworfen. Der Kern des Modells ist, den Lernenden ein Kontrollsignal (Muskelmomente) zur Verfügung zu stellen, das sich aus individuellen anthropometrischen Angaben und einer noch-zu-erwerbenden Kinematik ergibt. Ein solcherarts individualisierter Erwerbsprozess setzt voraus, dass 1) man die kinematischen Eigenschaften einer zu erwerbenden Fertigkeit mit Hilfe der Bewegungserfassung bestimmt, 2) dass man die anthropometischen Angaben des Modells mit denen des Lernenden ersetzt, und die inverse dynamische Analyse auf das Modell anwendet, um Muskelmomente, bzw. ein individualisiertes Kontrollsignal zu bekommen, und 3) das man die Kontrollinformation beim Fertigkeitserwerb anwendet. Das Modell wurde in der motorischen Lernstudie gültig gemacht. Die Studie zeigte, dass sich die dynamische Modellierung sehr gut eignet, um die Kommunikation zwischen den Sportlern und Trainern zu verbessern, sowie den Lernprozess zu fördern

Cooperative problem solving in giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) and Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea)

Open access funding provided by Max Planck Society.Cooperative problem solving has gained a lot of attention over the past two decades but the range of species studied is still small. This limits the possibility of understanding the evolution of the socio-cognitive underpinnings of cooperation. Lutrinae show significant variations in socio-ecology but their cognitive abilities are not well studied. In the first experimental study of otter social cognition, we presented two species - giant otters and Asian small-clawed otters - with a cooperative problem-solving task. The loose string task requires two individuals to simultaneously pull on either end of a rope in order to access food. This task has been used with a larger number of species (for the most part primates and birds) and thus allows for wider cross species comparison. We found no differences in performance between species. Both giant otters and Asian small-clawed otters were able to solve the task successfully when the coordination requirements were minimal. However, when the temporal coordination demands were increased, performance decreased either due to a lack of understanding of the role of a partner or due to difficulty inhibiting action. In conclusion, two species of otters show some ability to cooperate, quite similar to most other species presented with the same task. However, to draw further conclusions and more nuanced comparisons between the two otter species further studies with varied methodologies will be necessary.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Major Aspects of Pauline Eschatology

It is our purpose in this dissertation to discuss some of the major phases of St. Paul\u27s teaching concerning the consummation of the ages of history. So far as we can understand his thinking on the subject, he held to the Biblical presentation of history as constituting basically two ages: the present age and the age to come

Sideromycins: tools and antibiotics

Sideromycins are antibiotics covalently linked to siderophores. They are actively transported into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Energy-coupled transport across the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane strongly increases their antibiotic efficiency; their minimal inhibitory concentration is at least 100-fold lower than that of antibiotics that enter cells by diffusion. This is particularly relevant for gram-negative bacteria because the outer membrane, which usually forms a permeability barrier, in this case actively contributes to the uptake of sideromycins. Sideromycin-resistant mutants can be used to identify siderophore transport systems since the mutations are usually in transport genes. Two sideromycins, albomycin and salmycin, are discussed here. Albomycin, a derivative of ferrichrome with a bound thioribosyl-pyrimidine moiety, inhibts seryl-t-RNA synthetase. Salmycin, a ferrioxamine derivative with a bound aminodisaccharide, presumably inhibts protein synthesis. Crystal structures of albomycin bound to the outer membrane transporter FhuA and the periplasmic binding protein FhuD have been determined. Albomycin and salmycin have been used to characterize the transport systems of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae and of Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The in vivo efficacy of albomycin and salmycin has been examined in a mouse model using Yersinia enterocolitica, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus infections. Albomycin is effective in clearing infections, whereas salmycin is too unstable to lead to a large reduction in bacterial numbers. The recovery rate of albomycin-resistant mutants is lower than that of the wild-type, which suggests a reduced fitness of the mutants. Albomycin could be a useful antibiotic provided sufficient quantities can be isolated from streptomycetes or synthesized chemically

Flaring Up All Over -- Radio Activity in Rapidly-Rotating Late-Type M and L Dwarfs

We present Very Large Array observations of twelve late M and L dwarfs in the Solar neighborhood. The observed sources were chosen to cover a wide range of physical characteristics - spectral type, rotation, age, binarity, and X-ray and H\alpha activity - to determine the role of these properties in the production of radio emission, and hence magnetic fields. Three of the twelve sources, TVLM513-46546, 2MASS J0036159+182110, and BRI0021-0214, were observed to flare and also exhibit persistent emission, indicating that magnetic activity is not quenched at the bottom of the main sequence. The radio emission extends to spectral type L3.5, and there is no apparent decrease in the ratio of flaring luminosities to bolometric luminosities between M8-L3.5. Moreover, contrary to the significant drop in persistent H\alpha activity beyond spectral type M7, the persistent radio activity appears to steadily increase between M3-L3.5. Similarly, the radio emission from BRI0021-0214 violates the phenomenological relations between the radio and X-ray luminosities of coronally active stars, hinting that radio and X-ray activity are also uncorrelated at the bottom of the main sequence. The radio active sources that have measured rotational velocities are rapid rotators, Vsin(i)>30 km/sec, while the upper limits on radio activity in slowly-rotating late M dwarfs (Vsin(i)<10 km/sec) are lower than these detections. These observations provide tantalizing evidence that rapidly-rotating late M and L dwarfs are more likely to be radio active. This possible correlation is puzzling given that the observed radio emission requires sustained magnetic fields of 10-1000 G and densities of 10^12 cm^-3, indicating that the active sources should have slowed down considerably due to magnetic braking.Comment: Accepted to ApJ; Two new figures; Minor text revision

Genomic Prediction of Single Crosses in the Early Stages of a Maize Hybrid Breeding Pipeline

Prediction of single-cross performance has been a major goal of plant breeders since the beginning of hybrid breeding. Recently, genomic prediction has shown to be a promising approach, but only limited studies have examined the accuracy of predicting single-cross performance. Moreover, no studies have examined the potential of predicting single crosses among random inbreds derived from a series of biparental families, which resembles the structure of germplasm comprising the initial stages of a hybrid maize breeding pipeline. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of genomic prediction for identifying superior single crosses early in the hybrid breeding pipeline and optimize its application. To accomplish these objectives, we designed and analyzed a novel population of single crosses representing the Iowa Stiff Stalk synthetic/non-Stiff Stalk heterotic pattern commonly used in the development of North American commercial maize hybrids. The performance of single crosses was predicted using parental combining ability and covariance among single crosses. Prediction accuracies were estimated using cross-validation and ranged from 0.28 to 0.77 for grain yield, 0.53 to 0.91 for plant height, and 0.49 to 0.94 for staygreen, depending on the number of tested parents of the single cross and genomic prediction method used. The genomic estimated general and specific combining abilities showed an advantage over genomic covariances among single crosses when one or both parents of the single cross were untested. Overall, our results suggest that genomic prediction of single crosses in the early stages of a hybrid breeding pipeline holds great potential to redesign hybrid breeding and increase its efficiency