610 research outputs found
Quantum Control of Cold Atoms using microwaves
Projecte final de Mà ster Oficial fet en col.laboració amb Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB)i
Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO)English: We study quantum control of the ground hyperfine manifold of alkali-metal atoms based on applied microwave fields. We performed microwave spectroscopy both in the frequency and the time domain resulting in the observation of spectra and Rabi oscillations. We also apply a spin echo technique to characterize the coherence time of our trapped atoms.Castellà : En este proyecto estudiamos el control cuántico del estado fundamental de átomos alcalinos bajo la aplicación de campos de microondas. Se realiza espectroscopÃa de microondas tanto en la frecuencia como en tiempo resultante en la observación de los espectros y de oscilaciones de Rabi. También aplicamos una variante de la técnica de eco de spin para caracterizar el tiempo de la coherencia de nuestros átomos atrapados.Català : En aquest projecte estudiem el control quà ntic de l'estat fonamental d'à toms alcalins sota l'aplicació de camps de microones. Es realitzar espectroscòpia de microones tant en la freqüència com en temps resultant en l'observació dels espectres i d'oscil·lacions de Rabi. També apliquem una variant de la tècnica d'eco d'spin per caracteritzar el temps de la coherència dels nostres à toms atrapats
Interferometric measurement of interhyperfine scattering lengths in Rb
We present interferometeric measurements of the to
inter-hyperfine scattering lengths in a single-domain spinor Bose-Einstein
condensate of Rb. The inter-hyperfine interaction leads to a strong and
state-dependent modification of the spin-mixing dynamics with respect to a
non-interacting description. We employ hyperfine-specific Faraday-rotation
probing to reveal the evolution of the transverse magnetization in each
hyperfine manifold for different state preparations, and a comagnetometer
strategy to cancel laboratory magnetic noise. The method allows precise
determination of inter-hyperfine scattering length differences, calibrated to
intra-hyperfine scattering length differences. We report
and
, limited by
atom number uncertainty. With achievable control of atom number, we estimate
precisions of should be possible with this technique
Bose-Einstein Condensate Comagnetometer
We describe a comagnetometer employing the and ground state
hyperfine manifolds of a Rb spinor Bose-Einstein condensate as
co-located magnetometers. The hyperfine manifolds feature nearly opposite
gyromagnetic ratios and thus the sum of their precession angles is only weakly
coupled to external magnetic fields, while being highly sensitive to any effect
that rotates both manifolds in the same way. The and transverse
magnetizations and azimuth angles are independently measured by non-destructive
Faraday rotation probing, and we demonstrate a common-mode
rejection in good agreement with theory. We show how spin-dependent
interactions can be used to inhibit hyperfine relaxing
collisions, extending to the transverse spin lifetime of the
mixtures. The technique could be used in high sensitivity searches for
new physics on sub-millimeter length scales, precision studies of ultra-cold
collision physics, and angle-resolved studies of quantum spin dynamics
The Multivariate Extension of the Lomb-Scargle Method
The common methods of spectral analysis for multivariate (n-dimensional) time
series, like discrete Frourier transform (FT) or Wavelet transform, are based
on Fourier series to decompose discrete data into a set of trigonometric model
components, e. g. amplitude and phase. Applied to discrete data with a finite
range several limitations of (time discrete) FT can be observed which are
caused by the orthogonality mismatch of the trigonometric basis functions on a
finite interval. However, in the general situation of non-equidistant or
fragmented sampling FT based methods will cause significant errors in the
parameter estimation. Therefore, the classical Lomb-Scargle method (LSM), which
is not based on Fourier series, was developed as a statistical tool for one
dimensional data to circumvent the inconsistent and erroneous parameter
estimation of FT. The present work deduces LSM for n-dimensional data sets by a
redefinition of the shifting parameter \tau, to maintain orthogonality of the
trigonometric basis. An analytical derivation shows, that n-D LSM extents the
traditional 1D case preserving all the statistical benefits, such as the
improved noise rejection. Here, we derive the parameter confidence intervals
for LSM and compare it with FT. Applications with ideal test data and
experimental data will illustrate and support the proposed method.Comment: to be publishe
The Beauty of Symmetry: Common-mode rejection filters for high-speed interconnects and balanced microwave circuits
Common-mode rejection filters operating at microwave frequencies have been the
subject of intensive research activity in the last decade. These filters are of interest for
the suppression of common-mode noise in high-speed digital circuits, where differential
signals are widely employed due to the high immunity to noise, electromagnetic
interference (EMI) and crosstalk of differential-mode interconnects. These filters can
also be used to improve common-mode rejection in microwave filters and circuits
dealing with differential signals. Ideally, common-mode stopband filters should be
transparent for the differential mode from DC up to very high frequencies (all-pass),
should preserve the signal integrity for such mode, and should exhibit the widest and
deepest possible rejection band for the common mode in the region of interest.
Moreover, these characteristics should be achieved by means of structures with the
smallest possible size. In this article, several techniques for the implementation of
common-mode suppression filters in planar technology are reviewed. In all the cases,
the strategy to simultaneously achieve common-mode suppression and all-pass behavior
for the differential mode is based on selective mode-suppression. This selective mode
suppression (either the common or the differential mode) in balanced lines is typically
(although not exclusively) achieved by symmetrically loading the lines with symmetric
resonant elements, opaque for the common-mode and transparent for the differential
mode (common-mode suppression), or vice versa (differential-mode suppression).MINECO, Spain-TEC2013-40600-R, TEC2013-41913-PGeneralitat de Catalunya-2014SGR-15
Four-frequency solution in a magnetohydrodynamic Couette flow as a consequence of azimuthal symmetry breaking
The occurrence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) quasiperiodic flows with four
fundamental frequencies in differentially rotating spherical geometry is
understood in terms of a sequence of bifurcations breaking the azimuthal
symmetry of the flow as the applied magnetic field strength is varied. These
flows originate from unstable periodic and quasiperiodic states with broken
equatorial symmetry but having four-fold azimuthal symmetry. A posterior
bifurcation gives rise to two-fold symmetric quasiperiodic states, with three
fundamental frequencies, and a further bifurcation to a four-frequency
quasiperiodic state which has lost all the spatial symmetries. This bifurcation
scenario may be favoured when differential rotation is increased and periodic
flows with -fold azimuthal symmetry, being product of several prime
numbers, emerge at sufficiently large magnetic field.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, published in Phys. Rev. Le
Chaotic wave dynamics in weakly magnetised spherical Couette flows
Direct numerical simulations of a liquid metal filling the gap between two
concentric spheres are presented. The flow is governed by the interplay between
the rotation of the inner sphere (measured by the Reynolds number Re) and a
weak externally applied axial magnetic field (measured by the Hartmann number
Ha). By varying the latter a rich variety of flow features, both in terms of
spatial symmetry and temporal dependence, is obtained. Flows with two or three
independent frequencies describing their time evolution are found as a result
of Hopf bifurcations. They are stable on a sufficiently large interval of
Hartmann numbers where regions of multistability of two, three and even four
types of these different flows are detected. The temporal character of the
solutions is analysed by means of an accurate frequency analysis and Poincar\'e
sections. An unstable branch of flows undergoing a period doubling cascade and
frequency locking of three-frequency solutions is described as well.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures and 3 table
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