Il modello semantico di EuroWordNet come strumento per la strutturazione della relazione associativa nei thesauri.

Thesauri are tools which semantically organize a domain of knowledge for operational purposes. Their relational semantics is concerned with methods that connect terms with related meanings and it is important to support information retrieval, enhancing the information recall performance and contributing to improve precision. In fact, the network of relations of a thesaurus has an important semantic function, providing a representation of the meaning of each thesaurus term and a map of the conceptual structure of a subject area. The traditional thesaurus format - as described in international standards - includes the hierarchical, associative and equivalence relationships. However, a rather widespread opinion is that this format should be refined, in order to cope with the current needs of information organization. This paper discusses the possibility of refining the associative relation into a number of sub-kinds by adopting the semantic model of EuroWordNet (EWN), as it was used, according to one of its national versions, ItalWordNet (IWN), taking into account the terminological database Mariterm, which contains terms belonging to the maritime domain. It is also stressed how RT designation and refinement appear to be domain dependent, in the sense that they are associated with the specific features of a knowledge field.I thesauri sono strumenti che organizzano semanticamente un dominio di conoscenza per fini applicativi. Attraverso la loro struttura relazionale vengono stabiliti nessi tra termini con significati correlati. La semantica relazionale di un thesaurus ? uno strumento di supporto fondamentale per il recupero dell\u27informazione, attraverso cui vengono aumentati il richiamo (recall) e la precisione (precision) della ricerca. La rete delle relazioni thesaurali svolge, infatti, una funzione semantica importante, fornendo una rappresentazione del significato di ciascun termine contenuto nel thesaurus e realizzando il prototipo di mappa della struttura concettuale del dominio di conoscenza. Il formato tradizionale di un thesaurus, cos? come ? descritto negli standard internazionali, include tre relazioni fondamentali (relazione gerarchica, relazione associativa e relazione di equivalenza). ? opinione diffusa che, per poter meglio rispondere ai bisogni attuali in ambito di organizzazione dell\u27informazione, questo formato debba essere in qualche modo riconsiderato e perfezionato. In questo contributo viene analizzata la possibilit? di differenziare la relazione associativa in un numero ristretto di sottotipi. ? stata preliminarmente valutata a tal fine la possibilit? di utilizzare una serie di relazioni incluse nel modello semantico di EuroWordNet (EWN), cos? come ? stato applicato in una delle sue versioni nazionali, ItalWordNet (IWN), nell\u27ambito del progetto riguardante la terminologia del settore marittimo (Mariterm). Viene, inoltre, preso in considerazione il modo in cui le operazioni di attribuzione e di articolazione della relazione associativa sembrano essere condizionate dalle caratteristiche del dominio di conoscenza in cui sono effettuate

Granulocytes-Rich Thrombi in Cerebral Large Vessel Occlusion Are Associated with Increased Stiffness and Poorer Revascularization Outcomes

Acute stroke; Flow cytometry; Mechanical thrombectomyIctus agut; Citometria de flux; Trombectomia mecànicaIctus agudo; Citometría de flujo; Trombectomía mecánicaWe aim to identify a profile of intracranial thrombus resistant to recanalization by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute stroke treatment. The first extracted clot of each MT was analyzed by flow cytometry obtaining the composition of the main leukocyte populations: granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Demographics, reperfusion treatment, and grade of recanalization were registered. MT failure (MTF) was defined as final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score IIa or lower and/or need of permanent intracranial stenting as a rescue therapy. To explore the relationship between stiffness of intracranial clots and cellular composition, unconfined compression tests were performed in other cohorts of cases. Thrombi obtained in 225 patients were analyzed. MTF were observed in 30 cases (13%). MTF was associated with atherosclerosis etiology (33.3% vs. 15.9%; p = 0.021) and higher number of passes (3 vs. 2; p < 0.001). Clot analysis of MTF showed higher percentage of granulocytes [82.46 vs. 68.90% p < 0.001] and lower percentage of monocytes [9.18% vs.17.34%, p < 0.001] in comparison to successful MT cases. The proportion of clot granulocytes (aOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01–1.14) remained an independent marker of MTF. Among thirty-eight clots mechanically tested, there was a positive correlation between granulocyte proportion and thrombi stiffness (Pearson’s r = 0.35, p = 0.032), with a median clot stiffness of 30.2 (IQR, 18.9–42.7) kPa. Granulocytes-rich thrombi are harder to capture by mechanical thrombectomy due to increased stiffness, so a proportion of intracranial granulocytes might be useful to guide personalized endovascular procedures in acute stroke treatment.Open Access Funding provided by Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. This work was supported by “Project 355/C/2017, Fundació La Marató de TV3 in Strokes and Traumatic Spinal Cord and Brain Injury, 2017 Call of Projects.

Frataxin deficiency shifts metabolism to promote reactive microglia via glucose catabolism

Immunometabolism investigates the intricate relationship between the immune system and cellular metabolism. This study delves into the consequences of mitochondrial frataxin (FXN) depletion, the primary cause of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by impaired coordination and muscle control. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, we have identified distinct cellular clusters within the cerebellum of an FRDA mouse model, emphasizing a significant loss in the homeostatic response of microglial cells lacking FXN. Remarkably, these microglia deficient in FXN display heightened reactive responses to inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, our metabolomic analyses reveal a shift towards glycolysis and itaconate production in these cells. Remarkably, treatment with butyrate counteracts these immunometabolic changes, triggering an antioxidant response via the itaconate-Nrf2-GSH pathways and suppressing the expression of inflammatory genes. Furthermore, we identify Hcar2 (GPR109A) as a mediator involved in restoring the homeostasis of microglia without FXN. Motor function tests conducted on FRDA mice underscore the neuroprotective attributes of butyrate supplementation, enhancing neuromotor performance. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the role of disrupted homeostatic function in cerebellar microglia in the pathogenesis of FRDA. Moreover, they underscore the potential of butyrate to mitigate inflammatory gene expression, correct metabolic imbalances, and improve neuromotor capabilities in FRDA

Granulocytes-Rich Thrombi in Cerebral Large Vessel Occlusion Are Associated with Increased Stiffness and Poorer Revascularization Outcomes

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABWe aim to identify a profile of intracranial thrombus resistant to recanalization by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute stroke treatment. The first extracted clot of each MT was analyzed by flow cytometry obtaining the composition of the main leukocyte populations: granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Demographics, reperfusion treatment, and grade of recanalization were registered. MT failure (MTF) was defined as final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score IIa or lower and/or need of permanent intracranial stenting as a rescue therapy. To explore the relationship between stiffness of intracranial clots and cellular composition, unconfined compression tests were performed in other cohorts of cases. Thrombi obtained in 225 patients were analyzed. MTF were observed in 30 cases (13%). MTF was associated with atherosclerosis etiology (33.3% vs. 15.9%; p = 0.021) and higher number of passes (3 vs. 2; p < 0.001). Clot analysis of MTF showed higher percentage of granulocytes [82.46 vs. 68.90% p < 0.001] and lower percentage of monocytes [9.18% vs.17.34%, p < 0.001] in comparison to successful MT cases. The proportion of clot granulocytes (aOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14) remained an independent marker of MTF. Among thirty-eight clots mechanically tested, there was a positive correlation between granulocyte proportion and thrombi stiffness (Pearson's r = 0.35, p = 0.032), with a median clot stiffness of 30.2 (IQR, 18.9-42.7) kPa. Granulocytes-rich thrombi are harder to capture by mechanical thrombectomy due to increased stiffness, so a proportion of intracranial granulocytes might be useful to guide personalized endovascular procedures in acute stroke treatment. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-023-01385-1

Lipocalin-2 promotes adipose-macrophage interactions to shape peripheral and central inflammatory responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) plays a major role in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common immune-mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the etiology and progression of MS is still obscure. This study aimed at deciphering the responses of AT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the best characterized animal model of MS. Results and methods: We observed a significant AT loss in EAE mice at the onset of disease, with a significant infiltration of M1-like macrophages and fibrosis in the AT, resembling a cachectic phenotype. Through an integrative and multilayered approach, we identified lipocalin2 (LCN2) as the key molecule released by dysfunctional adipocytes through redox-dependent mechanism. Adipose-derived LCN2 shapes the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, and the genetic deficiency of LCN2 specifically in AT reduced weight loss as well as inflammatory macrophage infiltration in spinal cord in EAE mice. Mature adipocytes downregulating LCN2 reduced lipolytic response to inflammatory stimuli (e.g. TNFα) through an ATGL-mediated mechanism. Conclusions: Overall data highlighted a role LCN2 in exacerbating inflammatory phenotype in EAE model, suggesting a pathogenic role of dysfunctional AT in MS

The Silent Epidemic of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Italy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020

To compare the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with the frequency of DKA during 2017-2019

Worldwide Effects of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Tuberculosis Services, January–April 2020

Coronavirus disease has disrupted tuberculosis services globally. Data from 33 centers in 16 countries on 5 continents showed that attendance at tuberculosis centers was lower during the first 4 months of the pandemic in 2020 than for the same period in 2019. Resources are needed to ensure tuberculosis care continuity during the pandemic

Analisi delle strategie di business e di marketing: il caso Apple

Apple è indubbiamente leader nelle idee (prodotti/design), superiore nell’anticipare e dettare le tendenze del mercato. Tuttavia, c'è qualcosa che stride se si osserva l'organizzazione interna della creatura di Steve Jobs. Essa, infatti, con un modello fortemente centralizzato, in cui il personale non ha alcun margine di iniziativa, sembra ispirarsi alle fabbriche padronali della prima metà del secolo scorso. In un periodo in cui le aziende all’avanguardia cercano di avvicinarsi sempre di più ad una leadership diffusa, il comportamento interno della Apple sembra paradossale. Ma è il "fascino" che l'azienda è riuscita a creare attorno al brand e ai prodotti stessi, che ha confinato tutto il resto nell'ombra. L’analisi del caso Apple è basata sul modello delle 7P del marketing mix, volto ad identificare le componenti dell’offerta commerciale che creano valore per il cliente, e l’analisi SWOT, per individuare i principali fattori aziendali e ambientali che influenzano le performance del colosso di Cupertino. Sulla base delle ultime operazioni strategiche messe in atto dalla società, è stato possibile tracciare la tendenza delle prospettive future dell’azienda

Estudio preliminar fitoplanctónico y fisicoquímico del embalse de Río Hondo (Santiago del Estero-Argentina)

La construcción de embalses se realiza con distintos fines, la disponibilidad y calidad del agua que se encuentra en estos sistemas depende de factores relacionados con características de la cuenca a la que pertenece, concentración de nutrientes, variabilidad hidrológica y del mantenimiento y tratamiento que se realicen en estos reservorios. Las taxocenosis algales presentes en los embalses son susceptibles a fuerzas exógenas, como ingresos externos de sólidos suspendidos y nutrientes, cargas hidrológicas, tiempo de residencia hidráulica, entre otros. La eutrofización ocasiona un incremento y una alteración en la composición del fitoplancton. El objetivo de esta contribución fue dar a conocer la riqueza fitoplanctónica y características fisicoquímicas del embalse Río Hondo (27º 32? 42?? S y 64º 59? 41?? O). Este reservorio se ubica en la zona limítrofe entre Tucumán y de Santiago del Estero. Se realizó un muestreo en marzo/2018, las variables abióticas y bióticas fueron obtenidas mediante protocolos convencionales en tres sitios: SI (paredón de la represa), SII (centro del embalse) y SIII (desembocadura del Río Salí). Se emplearon redes de fitoplancton de 20 µm de abertura de poro. Se presentan los valores promedios de los parámetros abióticos considerados. La temperatura del agua fue de 22,6 °C, el pH fue alcalino (7,5); la conductividad eléctrica fue 513 µS.cm-1; oxígeno disuelto: 7,6 mg.l-1, cloruros: 55,9 mg.l-1, fósforo reactivo soluble: 0,15 mg.l-1, nitratos: 2,6 mg.l-1, y la clorofila a fue de 38,2 µg.l-1. El fitoplancton estuvo representado por un total de 36 taxones, correspondientes a Bacillariophyceae (13), Chlorophyta (17), Cyanobacteria (2), Euglenophyta (2) y Dinophyta (2). De los organismos algales registrados, la mayoría cosmopolitas, las Chlorophyceae contribuyeron con el mayor número de taxones. Se pudo observar un predominio del dinoflagelado Ceratium hirundinella, especie alóctona, cuyo desarrollo simultaneo y progresivo en diversos sistemas leníticos del NOA podría estar relacionado a alteraciones ambientales.Fil: Tiberi, Agustín Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Marta Elisabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Taboada, María de Los Ángeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Botánica. Instituto de Ficología; ArgentinaXII Simposio Argentino de FicologíaCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AriesArgentinaAsociación Argentina de Ficologí

Congenital Corneal Anesthesia and Neurotrophic Keratitis: Diagnosis and Management

Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a rare degenerative disease of the cornea caused by an impairment of corneal sensory innervation, characterized by decreased or absent corneal sensitivity resulting in epithelial keratopathy, ulceration, and perforation. The aetiopathogenesis of corneal sensory innervation impairment in children recognizes the same range of causes as adults, although they are much less frequent in the pediatric population. Some extremely rare congenital diseases could be considered in the aetiopathogenesis of NK in children. Congenital corneal anesthesia is an extremely rare condition that carries considerable diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Typically the onset is up to 3 years of age and the cornea may be affected in isolation or the sensory deficit may exist as a component of a congenital syndrome, or it may be associated with systemic somatic anomalies. Accurate diagnosis and recognition of risk factors is important for lessening long-term sequelae of this condition. Treatment should include frequent topical lubrication and bandage corneal or scleral contact lenses. Surgery may be needed in refractory cases. The purpose of this review is to summarize and update data available on congenital causes and treatment of corneal hypo/anesthesia and, in turn, on congenital NK