Implicaciones evolutivas en un banco aéreo de semillas de un pino mediterráneo

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 07-04-2022Forests provide fundamental ecosystem services, including an important role as carbon sinks and maintaining genetic diversity. However, forest ecosystems are at risk under future climatic scenarios due to extreme climatic events including severe droughts, wildfires and pest and disease outbreaks. Facing these pressures, tree populations can persist through phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation or migration. Understanding the adaptive potential of forest species is of high relevance to predict the evolutionary responses of entire terrestrial ecosystems under a changing climate. The Mediterranean region is one of the most prominent biodiversity and climate change hotspots. Mediterranean vegetation is well adapted to stress and disturbances, displaying different strategies to cope with environmental changes. Fire is the most important disturbance in the Mediterranean basin and plays a key role in the ecology and evolution of species. To cope with recurrent wildfires, pine species in the Mediterranean region have developed different fire-trait syndromes related to resistance and resilience, targeting individual survival and/or enhancing post-fire recruitment...Los bosques brindan múltiples servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales, destacando su papel clave como sumideros de carbono y el mantenimiento de la diversidad genética. Sin embargo, los ecosistemas forestales están en riesgo en los escenarios climáticos futuros debido a los eventos climáticos extremos asociados, tales como sequías severas, incendios forestales y brotes de enfermedades. Frente a estas presiones, las poblaciones de árboles pueden persistir a través de la plasticidad fenotípica, la adaptación local o la migración. Comprender el potencial adaptativo de las especies forestales es de gran importancia para predecir las respuestas evolutivas de los ecosistemas terrestres bajo un clima cambiante La región mediterránea es uno de los ‘puntos calientes’ o ‘hotspots’ de biodiversidad y cambio climático más destacados. La vegetación mediterránea está adaptada al estrés y a las perturbaciones, mostrando diferentes estrategias para hacer frente a los cambios ambientales. El fuego es la perturbación más importante de la cuenca mediterránea, desempeñando un papel clave en la ecología y evolución de las especies. Para hacer frente a los incendios forestales recurrentes, los bosques de pinos en la región mediterránea pueden mostrar diferentes síndromes de adaptación al fuego relacionados con la resistencia y la resiliencia, referidos a la supervivencia individual y/o la regeneración post-incendio...Fac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEunpu

Severe osteomalacia with multiple insufficiency fractures secondary to intravenous iron therapy in a patient with Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome

This case report describes a 65-year-old man with a Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome with secondary chronic anaemia, who received multiple intravenous (IV) iron infusions and sustained diffuse bone pain secondary to multiple insufficiency fractures. Laboratory study confirmed fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23)-mediated hypophosphatemia as the main cause of a severe osteomalacia induced by ferric carboxymaltose (FCM). After 3 months or oral phosphate replacement and switching to iron sucrose, serum phosphate levels were normalized and patient improved clinically. Some drugs can induce asymptomatic hypophosphatemia, which if sustained, can lead to a severe osteomalacia with multiple skeletal fractures. This complication has also been described with IV iron therapy. This case report describes a patient with Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome with chronic iron deficiency anaemia, recurrently treated with FCM, who developed a severe osteomalacia with multiple skeletal fractures. Laboratory study showed hypophosphatemia, with high ALP and high FGF-23. Images studies confirmed bone mass loss and multiple insufficiency fractures. A Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) did not show hidden tumor, so a diagnosis of FCM-induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia was performed. Phosphate replacement improved clinical symptoms of the patient. Intravenous iron therapy, mainly FCM form, can cause hypophosphatemia, and in some cases induce a severe osteomalacia with multiple fractures, so it seems advisable to monitor serum phosphate levels in high risk patients, as those who receive repeated dose

SENSAÇÃO TÉRMICA EM AMBIENTE URBANO A CÉU ABERTO NA CIDADE CUIABÁ-MT

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611707701The weather conditions of the urban climate influence the thermal sensation ofpedestrians moving in open environments. Thus, the meteorological variables play an importantrole for the quality life of the people who use these spaces, especially in cities Tropical ContinentalClimate. Thus, this study aimed to map the thermal sensation of walking under open condition inthe city of Cuiabá, MT, taking into consideration only the weather triggered by climate. Weremeasured weather variables and used to index Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) forevaluating the thermal sensation. During the daytime period, thermal comfort in the open has not been achieved in any month of the year in the city of Cuiabá-MT. The month of September wascharacterized as a month of higher relative frequency of hours with thermal discomfort withfeelings ranging from "slightly warm" to "extremely hot" on the scale proposed by Matzarakis andMayer, and "comfortable" to "very hot" in the proposal by Monteiro and Alucci. Moreover, themonth of June had the greatest number of hours of thermal comfort, with sensation ranging from"slightly cold" to "hot" on the scale proposed by Matzarakis and Mayer, and "ligeirmante cold" to"hot" on the scale proposed by Monteiro and Alucci. The results show how users are subjectdisconfortáveis of urban spaces in the city of Cuiaba-MT, which demonstrates the importance ofplanning these spaces, as well as the need to promote shading, whether or artificial tree, spaceswith high frequency of use.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611707701As condições meteorológicas do clima urbano influenciam a sensação térmica dos pedestres que circulam em ambientes a céu aberto. Desta forma, as variáveis meteorológicas desempenham importante papel para a qualidade vida das pessoas que fazem uso desses espaços, principalmente em cidades de Clima Tropical Continental. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetivou mapear a sensação térmica de pedestres sob condição de céu aberto na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, levando em consideração apenas as condições meteorológicas desencadeadas pelo clima. Foram realizadas medições das variáveis meteorológicas e utilizou-se o Índice da Temperatura Fisiológica Equivalente (PET) para avaliação da sensação térmica. Durante o periodo diurno, o conforto térmico a céu aberto não foi alcançado em nenhum mês do ano na cidade de Cuiabá-MT. O mês de setembro se caracterizou como mês de maior frequência relativa de horas com desconforto térmico, com sensação variando de “ligeiramente quente” a “extremamente quente” na escala proposta por Matzarakis e Mayer, e “confortável” a “muito quente” na proposta por Monteiro e Alucci. Por outro lado, o mês de junho apresentou maior número de horas de conforto térmico, com sensação variando de “ligeramente frio” a “muito quente” na escala proposta por Matzarakis e Mayer, e “ligeirmante frio” a “quente” na escala proposta por Monteiro e Alucci. Os resultados evidenciam o quão disconfortáveis estão sujeitos os usuários dos espaços urbanos na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, o que demostra a importância do planejamento desses espaços, bem como a necessidade da promoção de sombreamento, seja ele artificial ou árbóreo, dos espaços com elevada frequência de utilização.

Acoso escolar en los centros educativos del distrito 5 de Zaragoza

La investigación que se muestra a continuación se contextualiza en la zona escolar 5 de Zaragoza. Esta investigación de carácter cualitativo tiene como objetivo principal realizar una comparativa entre centros públicos y concertados sobre cómo abordan el acoso escolar. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se han realizado entrevistas a los orientadores o trabajadores sociales de los centros públicos IES Miguel Servet e IES Blecua así como a los centros concertados Colegio Escolapias Pompiliano y Colegio Compañía de María, para conocer la realidad sobre el acoso escolar, así como el protocolo a seguir para la resolución del mismo, en adolescentes en edades comprendidas entre los doce y dieciséis años. La realización de las entrevistas ha permitido conocer cuál es la realidad acerca de esta problemática así como exponer que los centros escolares ya sean públicos o concertados tienen más similitudes que diferencias. Cada centro lleva a cabo un protocolo de actuación acerca de las medidas educativas de acuerdo con la normativa vigente que se plasman en el Plan de Convivencia de cada centro

Igf-1 facilitates extinction of conditioned fear

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and anxiety-like behavioral processes. While IGF-1 regulates neuronal firing and synaptic transmission in many areas of the central nervous system, its signaling and consequences on excitability, synaptic plasticity, and animal behavior dependent on the prefrontal cortex remain unexplored. Here, we show that IGF-1 induces a long-lasting depression of the medium and slow post-spike afterhyperpolarization (mAHP and sAHP), increasing the excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the rat infralimbic cortex. Besides, IGF-1 mediates a presynaptic long-term depression of both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in these neurons. The net effect of this IGF-1-mediated synaptic plasticity is a long-term potentiation of the postsynaptic potentials. Moreover, we demonstrate that IGF-1 favors the fear extinction memory. These results show novel functional consequences of IGF-1 signaling, revealing IGF-1 as a key element in the control of the fear extinction memor

MKP1 mediates chemosensitizer effects of E1a in response to cisplatin in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells

The adenoviral gene E1a is known to enhance the antitumor effect of cisplatin, one of the cornerstones of the current cancer chemotherapy. Here we study the molecular basis of E1a mediated sensitivity to cisplatin in an experimental model of Non-small cell lung cancer. Our data show how E1a blocks the induction of autophagy triggered by cisplatin and promotes the apoptotic response in resistant cells. Interestingly, at the molecular level, we present evidences showing how the phosphatase MKP1 is a major determinant of cisplatin sensitivity and its upregulation is strictly required for the induction of chemosensitivity mediated by E1a. Indeed, E1a is almost unable to promote sensitivity in H460, in which the high expression of MKP1 remains unaffected by E1a. However, in resistant cell as H1299, H23 or H661, which display low levels of MKP1, E1a expression promotes a dramatic increase in the amount of MKP1 correlating with cisplatin sensitivity. Furthermore, effective knock down of MKP1 in H1299 E1a expressing cells restores resistance to a similar extent than parental cells. stores resistance to a similar extent than parental cells. In summary, the present work reinforce the critical role of MKP1 in the cellular response to cisplatin highlighting the importance of this phosphatase in future gene therapy approach based on E1a gene

Long-Term Dabigatran Treatment Delays Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis in the TgCRND8 Mouse Model

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with important vascular and hemostatic alterations that should be taken into account during diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates whether anticoagulation with dabigatran, a clinically approved oral direct thrombin inhibitor with a low risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, ameliorates AD pathogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of AD. METHODS: TgCRND8 AD mice and their wild-type littermates were treated for 1 year with dabigatran etexilate or placebo. Cognition was evaluated using the Barnes maze, and cerebral perfusion was examined by arterial spin labeling. At the molecular level, Western blot and histochemical analyses were performed to analyze fibrin content, amyloid burden, neuroinflammatory activity, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. RESULTS: Anticoagulation with dabigatran prevented memory decline, cerebral hypoperfusion, and toxic fibrin deposition in the AD mouse brain. In addition, long-term dabigatran treatment significantly reduced the extent of amyloid plaques, oligomers, phagocytic microglia, and infiltrated T cells by 23.7%, 51.8%, 31.3%, and 32.2%, respectively. Dabigatran anticoagulation also prevented AD-related astrogliosis and pericyte alterations, and maintained expression of the water channel aquaporin-4 at astrocytic perivascular endfeet of the BBB. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term anticoagulation with dabigatran inhibited thrombin and the formation of occlusive thrombi in AD; preserved cognition, cerebral perfusion, and BBB function; and ameliorated neuroinflammation and amyloid deposition in AD mice. Our results open a field for future investigation on whether the use of direct oral anticoagulants might be of therapeutic value in AD.This work was funded by a Proof-of-Concept Award from the Robertson Therapeutic Development Fund (Dr. Cortes-Canteli), The Rockefeller University; NINDS/NIH grant NIS106668 (Drs. Norris and Strickland); European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF), grant agreement n PIIF-GA-2013-624811 (Drs. Cortes-Canteli and Fuster), CNIC, Madrid, Spain; Miguel Servet type I research contract (CP16/00174 and MS16/00174 [Dr. Cortes-Canteli]), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CNIC; Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil (PEJ16/MED/TL-1231 [A. Marcos-Diaz] and PEJ-2018-AI/BMD-11477 [C. Ceron]) from Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid; European Regional Development Funds (FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”) and European Social Funds (FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”); and with the support of the Marie Curie Alumni Association (Dr. Cortes-Canteli). The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCNU), and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). CIC biomaGUNE is a Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2017-0720). Dr. Sanchez-Gonzalez is an employee of Philips Healthcare. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.S

Outcomes and effect of somatic mutations after erythropoiesis stimulating agents in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes

Background: Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) are the first-line therapy in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR-MDS). Some predictive factors for ESAs response have been identified. Type and number of somatic mutations have been associated with prognosis and response to therapies in MDS patients.Objectives: The objective was to evaluate the outcomes after ESAs in patients with LR-MDS and to address the potential predictive value of somatic mutations in ESAs-treated patients.Design: Multi-center retrospective study of a cohort of 722 patients with LR-MDS included in the SPRESAS (Spanish Registry of Erythropoietic Stimulating Agents Study) study. Retrospective analysis of 65 patients with next generation sequencing (NGS) data from diagnosis.Methods: ESAs' efficacy and safety were evaluated in patients receiving ESAs and best supportive care (BSC). To assess the potential prognostic value of somatic mutations in erythroid response (ER) rate and outcome, NGS was performed in responders and non-responders.Results: ER rate for ESAs-treated patients was 65%. Serum erythropoietin (EPO) level = 3; p = 0.170). The presence of >= 3 mutated genes was also significantly associated with worse OS (hazard ratio, 2.8; p= 0.015), even in responders. A higher cumulative incidence of acute myeloid leukemia progression at 5 years was also observed in patients with >= 3 mutated genes versus<3 (33.3% and 10.7%, respectively; p< 0.001).Conclusion: This large study confirms the beneficial effect of ESAs and the adverse effect of somatic mutations in patients with LR-MDS

Efeitos da incorporação de vegetação em telhados de zona urbana em clima tropical continental

Na maioria das áreas urbanizadas existem poucos espaços residuais para serem convertidos em áreas verdes. Uma possível solução para incorporação da vegetação na área urbana é a transformação dos telhados existentes em telhados vegetados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar se a incorporação de vegetação nos telhados de edificações localizadas em zonas urbanas de baixo adensamento construtivo altera as condições termo higrométricas ao nível do pedestre. A metodologia consiste de realização de simulação computacional de cenários, em zona urbana de cidade de clima Tropical Continental (Cuiabá-MT), com incorporação de vegetação com 10%, 50% e 100% dos telhados existentes na área pesquisada. Observa-se a existência de associação com interferência entre a densidade de ocupação dos telhados pela vegetação e o fenômeno de arrefecimento e umidificação do ar ao nível do pedestre, em condições urbanas de baixo adensamento construtivo. Os efeitos mais expressivos ocasionados pelo telhado vegetado na temperatura e umidade absoluta do ar estão contidos na região dos quintais a sotavento das casas que incorporaram a vegetação