Eco-physiological response of vine varieties during the growing season of 2011

Climatic changes, characterized by extreme weather conditions, particularly influences plant growth and development. Extreme meteorological conditions acting on both biological cycle and their productive potential. In recent years global warming has produced many disturbances in ecosystems vine, vine varieties being forced to change their conduct annual cycle of vegetation, with consequences often negative for the quality and quantity, including the grape wines production results. The research aimed at the effect of the meteorological conditions of 2011, on physiological processes represented the intensity of photosynthesis, transpiration rate and water use efficiency in red wine cultivars, Coarnă neagră, Gelu, Moldova and Purpuriu, grown in the vineyards of Copou, Iasi

Salinity Stress Effects on the Growing Rates of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

The objectif of this study was to observe the effect of salinity on the tomato plant’s height, leaf area, root lenght and fruit production. The biological material used in this study was represented by five local races of tomato cultivated in east side of Romania. The seeds was collected from areas with saline soils from Moldavia region and compared with commercial type salt-tolerant tomato. The bifactorial experience was conducted in a pots experiment in randomized blocks with four repetitions. Five tomato genotypes studied were subjected to salt stress for a period of 30 days is constantly wetted with saline solution to a concentration of 100 mM and 200 mM. After 30 days salt stress is manifested difference in the growth rate of the untreated variants as a result of the biological characteristics of each cultivar, but also differences in the variants treated, due to salt stress

Dynamics of the Foliar Pigments Content in some Tomato Cultivars from East Romania under Salt Stress

The biological material was represented by ten local tomatoes populations collected from areas with saline soils from Moldavia region and compared with commercial type salt-tolerant tomato Determination of photosynthetic pigments of leaves was done by the spectrophotometric method. For determination of photosynthetic pigments of leaves we used a UV spectrophotometer type - 1800. The content of chlorophyll pigments was assessed by light absorption ability of the acetone extract of pigments (1%) in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm). Tomato genotypes in the study were subjected to salt stress for a period of 30 days is constantly wetted with saline solution to a concentration of 100 mM and 200 mM. The pigment content was analyzed at 15 days and 30 days after the saline treatment. After 15 days when the tomato genotypes was subjected to constant stress salt the content of chlorophyll a 662-663 chlorophyll a 431-432 , chlorophyll b 453-454 and chlorophyll b 616-617 showed higher values compared with analyzes performed after 30 days. Analyzed the results based on biphasic model of growth response under salt stress proposed by Munns (1993), and found that tomatoes reacted similarly. The transition from phase I (osmotic stress) to phase II (ions toxicity), is done by salt stress intensity, but mostly by cultivated genotype

The Influence of Biostimulants on the Growth and Some Physiological Processes of Three Bean Cultivars

Biostimulants contribute to plant nutrition, they have positive effects on plant growth. Research has focused on the influence of biostimulators on germination capacity, the height of stem, also we determined the total chlorophyll content with the CCM plus 200 and the stomatal conductance with SC1 leaf porometer.The bifactorial experience was conducted in a pots experiment in randomized blocks with three repetitions. The application of biostimulants (Cropmax and Atonik) was done every ten days by foliar spraying throughout the vegetation period.Biostimulants in this study had a positive influence of the physiological processes followed in the three cultivars of beans. These products can be used successfully for both and the treatment of seed and the treatments applied to the phases of the growing season. The best results were recorded of bean plants treated with Cropmax

Dynamics of the Foliar Pigments Content in Some Bean Genotypes, from North-East Romania, under Salt Stress

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a salt-sensitive species. For this reason, the purpose of the face work was to determine the effect of excess NaCl on the content of the chlorophyll pigments as an indicator of salt stress tolerance. Therefore, in the present study, of the influence of saline solutions of 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl was studied on the content of assimilatory pigments, to 7 local populations of common beans, collected from areas with saline soils, from Nord-East of Romania and grown under greenhouse conditions, at the pots. The experiment is part of a broader research, and the determination of pigment content is only one stage of this research, because and other physiological and biochemical parameters are analyzed. 15 days after treatment the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids pigments showed higher values compared with analyzes performed after 30 days. The overall objective of the research is to contribute to a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in the saline stress tolerance of Phaseolus vulgaris L., identification of local populations of salinity-tolerant beans and their use in breeding programs of this species. As novelty, in the current study, new genotypes were found of bean, from Nord-East of Romania, tolerant to this factor

Cercetări fiziologice privind influenţa stresului salin la unele populaţii locale de fasole(phaseolus vulgarisl.)

Saline stress affects seeds germination, reduces the chlorophyll content in the plant leaves and the photosynthesis activity, changes that have prompted the researchers around the world, also in Romania, to study this abiotic factor with interest.The success of the research could provide the extension of plant cultivation to areas affected by salinisation or as well as the possibility of using sea and ocean water, a vast resource, for irrigation of crops, and as a result, the increase in world biomass production.The present research investigated the influence of saline solutions (100 mM and 200 mM NaCl) on the chlorophyll pigments content in 10 local populations of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in pots, in greenhouse conditions. The main objective of this study was to identify the salinity tolerant genotypes, knowing that this attribute is also conferred by a high chlorophylls concentration. Also tolerant genotypes could be used in plant breeding, as these local populations are adapted to the environmental conditions of the NE of Romania

Research on the eco - physiological reaction of some vine varieties during the 2011 growing season in the Copou, Iasi area

Extreme weather events adversely affect the normal growth cycle of crops and productivity of agricultural systems. Recent research shows that the vine production efficiency could be reduced by abiotic stress represented by the drought, freezing temperatures and soil salinity. Various modern research projects aim to test models of abiotic stress resistance genes expression in order to discover the mechanisms of tolerance to stress and to stimulate understanding the genetic basis of this reaction, with implications for wine quality (Cramer, et al., 2005, Burzo I. şi colab., 1999, Jităreanu Carmen Doina şi colab., 2004). In this context, due to genotype - phenotype interrelations, phenotypic manifestations research (morpho-anatomical, physiological, biochemical and behavioral) related to resistance to stress abiotic vine from global warming is an urgent topicality. Water scarcity is one of the most important abiotic stress factors and is generally accompanied by heat stress. It inhibits photosynthesis by disrupting biochemical processes of synthesis of pigments from the reaction center (Bertamini et al., 2007, Guan et al, 2004) and the photobreathing protects the photosynthetic apparatus against photodegradation in drought conditions (Guan et al., 2004 ). In this paper we intended to study issues regarding the eco - physiological response to climatic conditions of 2011 of the following vine varieties: Gelu, Coarna Neagra, Moldova and Purpuriu. For this purpose, investigations regarding some indicators of the photosynthesis process were carried out: leaf morphogenesis – the leaf being the main organ of photosynthesis - and photosynthetic pigment content during growth and ripening processes of grains

The action of growth regulators on the process of photosynthesis in tomato plants

This research was conducted to determine the effects of two biostimulants on photosynthesis processes of two tomato cultivars, in greenhouse conditions. This study was carried in 2021 at the ICAM Iasi under greenhouse condition. The biological material was represented by two tomato cultivars (Drорs and Chiquitа). The bifactorial experience was conducted in a pots experiment in randomized blocks with three repetitions. The application of biostimulants (Bactamil and Agromax-Cap) was done every seven days by foliar spraying throughout the vegetation period. Research was focused on the influence of biostimulants on the photosynthesis process. It has been shown that the chlorophyll content of the leaves is closely related to the mineral nutrition of the plant. The value of chlorophyll content increases with the amount of nitrogen in the leaves, which is why the high values indicated by SРАD show a healthy growth from a nutritional point of view. Plants treated with biostimulants had higher values of the total chlorophyll content compared to the control group, which demonstrates an intensification of the photosynthesis process. The yield of the Agomax – Cap stimulator gives better results in terms of the increase in chlorophyll content in the varieties studied and as a result, will also increase the production efficiency.

Research on the influence of climate change on the photosynthesis process in maize

The general objective is the study of the photosynthesis process in corn plants, the necessary basis for the great adaptation capacity of plants to climate changes. These studies are important because they participate in the identification of solutions involved in increasing corn production and its quality. The experience was organized at the farm "Vasile Adamachi" within the USV Iasi, in the spring of 2021 and the analyzes on the collected physiological material were carried out in the plant physiology laboratory of the USV Iasi. The research material was represented by the hybrid DKC 4598 produced by the Bayer Group with the FAO 350-390 group. The analysis of the photosynthesis process in maize in the context of the climatic conditions specific to the growing season of 2021 was carried out by quantitatively determining of the content of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results obtained by the analyse of the photosynthesis process were correlated with the production obtained. The results obtained from the fluorescence analysis show us that the corn plants studied had the highest light quantification capacity in the 6 and 8 node phenophases. The recorded differences do not show an effort in the ability of the plants to adapt to the weather conditions of 2021 in North-Eastern Moldova

The effect of biostimulants on the process of photosynthesis at the lettuce

This study followed the effect of two organic biostimulants on the photosynthesis process in two salad varieties grown in the greenhouse. At the same time, the aim was to establish the most effective way to apply biostimulants to increase production. Application of growth regulators was done every ten days by foliar spraying and root application. The first application being made at the appearance of the first leaves, and the last application was made ten days before harvest. The biostimulants used in this study were Wuxal Ascofol with a high content of algae extract and Black Jack based on humic acids. The photosynthesis process was evaluated by determining the total chlorophyll content and by evaluating the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves. The study showed that the applied organic treatments stimulated the photosynthesis process in both varieties of salad, which was correlated with an increase in head of salad. Chlorophyll content of 431 nm and chlorophyll b 453 nm, components of the absorption center that capture light energy and transfer it to the reaction center recorded the highest values in the variant treated with Wuxal Ascofol, which shows an intense transport of assimilated to foliar system. It was also noted that the foliar application of biostimulants to lettuce gives much better results than the application at the root level