Seismotectonics zoning of Morocco and adjacent region

In the present work, a new seismotectonics zoning of the Morocco and adjacent region is proposed. It is supported on a new database including recent geological (active faults, slip rates, geometrical characteristics, chronology of some recent tectonic phases) and geophysical (both instrumental and historical seismicity, focal mechanisms, nature of the crust) studies. In addition, the geodynamic context of the convergence of the Africa-Europe plates in the area, going from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar, has been taken into account. The newly suggested seismotectonics zoning is not limited to the borders of northern Morocco. It considers all the seismic sources (up to 400 km of distance) able to generate large and destructive earthquakes, such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, located in the Azores-Gibraltar transforming fault. New catalogues including the historical and instrumental seismicity since 1045 to 2005, and active faults were elaborated and used in this work. The most influential parameters having effects on the definition of the source area characteristics were determined with a suitable accuracy. The new performed zoning includes 12 shallow seismotectonics sources, each one corresponding to a certain volume of the Earth’s crust, whose known data were used to determine its static and dynamic conditions. Each seismotectonics zone has been analysed and interpreted, presenting certain homogeneity in the seismic potential and mode of deformation, obtained from the seismicity data, the strain and the stresses. For zones including faults, we have specified the geometrical characteristics, the chronology of the different movements corresponding to the successive tectonic episodes, and the associated seismicity. This new zoning will provide an improved contribution for both future probabilistic studies on seismic hazard, determining the ground acceleration, and seismic risk in the north of Morocco

The 7 June 2007 mbLg 4.2 escopete earthquake : An event with significant ground motion in a stable zone (Central Iberian Peninsula)

An earthquake occurred on 7 June 2007 at 01h:42m:09.5s (UTC) with geographical coordinates 40°.41N, 2°.98W and magnitude mbLg = 4.2 according to the Seismic national network (RSN) of Madrid's Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN). The epicenter was located close to the town of Escopete, where the earthquake was felt with intensity IV, waking up inhabitants and causing widespread alarm. Historically, rare but similar events have been felt in the area, near the towns of Pastrana (1922) and Duron (1982). Nevertheless, this part of Iberia experiences very low seismic activity. The earthquake with the largest magnitude recorded to date by the RSN since the mid-1920s was 4.1. Due to low seismicity values, the hazard map of the Norma de la Construcción Sismorresistente Española (Spanish seismic building code; NCSE-02) establishes a basic acceleration value of less than 0.04 g, which is the threshold value for the application of the earthquake-resistant building code. However, this value was exceeded in strong-motion recordings during the 2007 event. An important consideration is the existence of two nuclear power plants in the Guadalajara administrative province: José Cabrera and Trillo. Strong-motion instruments at the José Cabrera nuclear power plant (JCNPP) recorded a peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 0.07g. This is the first acceleration recording made from central Iberia and also one of the highest values read from instruments to date for the whole of the Iberian peninsula. This paper presents an overview of the results of our multidisciplinary analysis of the earthquake, which we researched in terms of its regional and local tectonic setting, local seismicity, focal mechanics, strong-motion records, and macroseismic effects.Universidad Complutense de MadridMinisterio de Educación y CienciaDepto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Consenso mexicano sobre el síndrome de intestino irritable

Antecedentes: Desde la publicación de las guías de diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome del intestino irritable (SII) de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología en el 2009 (Guías 2009) se han producido avances significativos en el conocimiento de la epidemiología, fisiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Objetivos: Presentar una revisión consensuada del estado actual de los conocimientos sobre el SII que actualicen las Guías 2009, integrando las nuevas evidencias científicas publicadas a nivel mundial con énfasis en estudios realizados en México. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía en PubMed de enero del 2009 a marzo del 2015, que se complementó en forma manual. Se incluyeron todas las publicaciones en inglés y español, con preferencia por los consensos, guías, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Se generaron enunciados en los diferentes aspectos de la enfermedad que fueron votados por 24 gastroenterólogos con el método Delphi. Una vez consensuado cada enunciado, se calificó el nivel de la evidencia y se otorgó la fuerza de la recomendación utilizando el sistema GRADE. Resultados: Se generaron 48 enunciados que actualizaron la información sobre el SII y complementaron la información que no había sido incluida en las Guías 2009 con referencia al papel del ejercicio y la dieta, las estrategias diagnósticas, así como alternativas de tratamiento existentes que fueron evaluadas con mayor rigor o que surgieron en los 5 últimos años. Conclusiones: Presentamos una revisión consensuada de los progresos más relevantes en el SII, que actualizan y complementan las Guías 2009. Se incluyen diversos estudios realizados en México