Cuidados familiares prestados por los ancianos del ámbito rural a distintas generaciones

Objectives: To describe the profile of caregivers higher in rural areas, to analyze sociodemographic differences in health and social relations between family caregivers and non-caregivers, and service needs unmet. Methodology: We surveyed 787 people over 64 noninstitutionalized belonging to the Basic Health Area of Zaragoza. Variables were collected through the questionnaire OARS-MAFQ (OARS): sociodemographic, need for services, assessment of social, economic and physical health. Other variables were: functional capacity for activities of daily living, basic and instrumental, body mass index and physical activity undertaken. Results: All caregivers of children/grandchildren were independent for activities of daily living, performed more physically active, had good physical and so perceived. Noncaregivers had the highest proportion of dependence and depression. The three groups had good social and economic resources, although significantly higher in those who care for children/grandchildren in which needs were perceived as more public transport and travel more. Non-caregivers reported more need for help with bathing, dressing, household chores and meal preparation. Caregivers of spouses/parents needed more treatment to personal or family problems. There was a great need for nursing care in the three groups. Conclusions: The profile, characteristics and needs of caregiver and no-caregiver were different, coinciding only in high need for nursing care

Adquisición de un trauma acústico por multiexposición a tabaco y ruido laboral en la industria del metal

OriginalesEl presente artículo forma parte de un amplio estudio sobre pérdida auditiva laboral en condiciones de multiexposición, es decir, por influencia conjunta de agentes físicos y químicos. Se analiza la influencia del consumo de tabaco y exposición a ruido, si bien es cierto que parte de la población analizada también está sometida a la influencia de otros humos y de otros ruidos extralaborales. Se analiza esta población en exposición múltiple, partiendo de una metodología basada en las "técnicas de seguimiento estadístico", en nuestro caso de seguimiento-resistencia, basadas en la obtención y contraste de las distribuciones logísticas. En trabajadores expuestos a ruido industrial, el hábito de fumar parece potenciar la probabilidad de adquisición de las afecciones TAI y TAA. Teniendo los peores resultados los fumadores de mas de 20 cigarrillos diarios y 20 años o mas de exposición laboral.N

Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomas

Elevated CO2 (eCO2) experiments provide critical information to quantify the effects of rising CO2 on vegetation. Many eCO2 experiments suggest that nutrient limitations modulate the local magnitude of the eCO2 effect on plant biomass, but the global extent of these limitations has not been empirically quantified, complicating projections of the capacity of plants to take up CO2. Here, we present the first data-driven global quantification of the eCO2 effect on biomass based on 138 eCO2 experiments. The strength of CO2 fertilization is primarily driven by nitrogen (N) in ~65% of global vegetation, and by phosphorus (P) in ~25% of global vegetation, with N- or P-limitation modulated by mycorrhizal association. Our approach suggests that CO2 levels expected by 2100 can potentially enhance plant biomass by 12±3% above current values, equivalent to 59±13 PgC. The global-scale response to eCO2 we derive from experiments is similar to past changes in greenness9 and biomass10 with rising CO2, suggesting that CO2 will continue to stimulate plant biomass in the future despite the constraining effect of soil nutrients. Our research reconciles conflicting evidence on CO2 fertilization across scales and provides an empirical estimate of the biomass sensitivity to eCO2 that may help to constrain climate projections