INDICATORS OF URBAN SUSTAINABILITY IN MEXICO

The principal objective of this project is to summarize the characteristics that define urban sustainability in Mexican cities; its basic principles and the advantages of their application in the development of future cities, as well as the description of the indicators of urban sustainability that directly affect the development of communities, from households, colonies or neighbourhoods to cities or regions. The project’s method is based on the analysis of bibliographical information and the revision of some practical cases that refer to the development of sustainable indicators in urban environment.Indicators, sustainability, urbanism, development, cities.

¿Cómo se comporta Andalucía en la globalización del siglo XXI?

Después de tres décadas de autogobierno, y tras ser la región europea que más fondos comunitarios ha recibido, es una evidencia que Andalucía no ha convergido con el resto de regiones europeas, y continua en posiciones de retraso relativo. Este artículo plantea la necesidad de trascender una explicación “exógena” de esta situación, y vuelve la mirada tanto hacia el carácter extractivo y oligárquico de las élites andaluzas, en todas sus modalidades. Se propone tanto un cambio del modelo productivo y especialización en la globalización, como un cambio en las condiciones institucionales, de mayor inclusividad y competitividad empresarial.After three decades of self-government and having become the European region that has received the most community funds, Andalusia has evidently not converged with the other European regions and remains in positions that lag relatively behind. This article poses the need to move beyond an ‘exogenous’ explanation for this situation and rather looks at the extractive and oligarchic nature of the Andalusian elites, in all respective modalities. A change of production model and specialisation in globalisation is proposed along with a change in institutional conditions to foster more business competitiveness and inclusion

Sevilla en la primera década del siglo XXI: transformaciones urbanas hacia un nuevo modelo de ciudad

Este artículo ofrece una interpretación del proceso urbano contemporáneo de una ciudad, Sevilla, a partir del análisis de lo acontecido en la urbe en la primera década del siglo XXI. El caso de Sevilla es muy significativo y útil como caso-ejemplo de ciudad histórica capaz de optar a transformaciones urbanas y cambios en sistemas urbanos importantes como el espacio público o la movilidad, y las tensiones y contradicciones que dichos procesos suelen conllevar, y también de la posibilidad de encontrar caminos para actualizar las funciones de la ciudad a los nuevos retos sociales, económicos y políticos en los que la situación de fuerte crisis actual está situando a muchas ciudades

Características geológicas y metalogénicas de la mineralización de Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag de Congostrina, Sistema Central.

Las investigaciones realizadas en la zona de Congostrina han consistido en la descripción de las características morfológicas de la mineralización y su encuadre dentro del contexto de la metalogenia de la plata del Sistema Central. Asimismo se han estudiado los aspectos mineralógicos y texturales de los principales minerales de plata, estableciéndose la paragénesis y sucesión mineral del yacimiento

Estudio geoquímico de los materiales encajantes de las mineralizaciones de plata del sector oriental del Sistema Central

En este trabajo se han estudiado las características geoquímicas de los materiales que constituyen el medio encajante de las mineralizaciones de La Bodera, Congostrina y Hiendelaenclna. En las tres zonas se ha realizado un estudio lito-geoquímico, en relación con los filones, a partir del cual se ha podido determinar la distribución de los principales elementos metalogénicos y el "contenido metal" de los materiales encajantes. Por otro lado, en la zona de La Bodera. se ha realizado una prospección geoquímica de suelos, para conocer las posibles prolongaciones filonianas y el efecto de las fracturas que afectan al filón principal de la zona

Las agregaciones espaciotemporales entre especies no descartan la competencia interespecífica en los ensambles de arañas de las oquedades arbóreas

1. A community's biological diversity reflects coexistence between species. This often depends, to some extent, on whether there is competition for resources and how it is dealt with. 2. The nature of old-growth tree hollows is confined and relatively isolated, which makes them ideal for investigating the competition phenomena between their inhabitants, such as Araneae. 3. The existence of interspecific competition in the structuring of tree hollow spider assemblages in Mediterranean forests was inferred by spatial co-occurrence pattern analyses with null models at both the community and pairwise levels. The analysis included 36 spider species collected monthly with emergence traps for 1 year. The distribution of four ecological traits, body size and phenology on the resulting pattern type was discussed. 4. The analyses showed spatial segregation at the community level and spatial aggregations between species with different traits predominated at the pairwise level. Hunting strategy and body size were the main differential traits to facilitate these aggregations. In addition, only the aggregations led by Amaurobius scopolii–Scotophaeus scutulatus and Eratigena atrica–Liocranum majus also showed an overlap during their main activity period. 5. Community segregation and spatio-temporal aggregations of species with differential traits suggest that interspecific competition is a very likely structuring factor of tree hollow spider assemblages. Instead, segregations at the pairwise level seem to result from other factors, for example, habitat preferences.We are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness for contributing financial support to Project CGL2016-78181-R. This reserach forms part of Gerard Martínez Devesa's PhD studies granted by 'Ministerio de Universidades'(REF. FPU21/00249

Sexual Harassment in a Higher Education Institution

Sexual harassment is a type of gender violence, which is generally naturalized and rarely reported. The aim of this qualitative study was to analyze the experiences of female university students who have been victims of sexual harassment. The intentional sample consisted of 10 participants between the ages of 22 and 24 years from a university in the southeast of Mexico. Interviews were analyzed through different categories, such as the perception of the interviewee, about the harassment, the consequences, and facing the event. The analysis was based on the QSR 6 (NVivo) software. It was found that students perceive harassment as something normal and even romantic, but subsequently there are feelings of humiliation and guilt. Those who reported the incident did not obtain help, in all of them there was a feeling of learned helplessness. In addition, harasser professors have a special language to communicate when they want sexual favors: "you have to take an equivalence test”, language that the students know and understand

Nonparametric Estimation of Functional Dynamic Factor Model

For many phenomena, data are collected on a large scale, resulting in high-dimensional and high-frequency data. In this context, functional data analysis (FDA) is attracting interest. FDA deals with data that are defined on an intrinsically infinite-dimensional space. These data are called functional data. However, the infinite-dimensional data might be driven by a small number of latent variables. Hence, factor models are relevant for functional data. In this paper, we study functional factor models for time-dependent functional data. We propose nonparametric estimators under stationary and nonstationary processes. We obtain estimators that consider the time-dependence property. Specifically, we use the information contained on the covariances at different lags. We show that the proposed estimators are consistent. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we find that our methodology outperforms the common estimators based on functional principal components. We also apply our methodology to monthly yield curves. In general, the suitable integration of time-dependent information improves the estimation of the latent factors.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figure

Sarcopenic osteoporosis, sarcopenic obesity, and sarcopenic osteoporotic obesity in the Camargo cohort (Cantabria, Spain)

Summary The associations of sarcopenia with osteoporosis or obesity have a very low prevalence. No trend towards an association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia is observed. Sarcopenia and obesity tend not to coincide, as if they were antagonistic disorders. Purpose To know (a) the prevalence in our region of sarcopenic osteoporosis (association of sarcopenia and osteoporosis (T-score<2.5)), sarcopenic obesity, and the association of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity; (b) the tendency of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity to associate with each other; and (c) the bone mineral density (BMD), the components of sarcopenia, and the prevalence of fragility fractures in these associations. Methods The study was performed in the Camargo cohort. Osteoporosis was diagnosed by DXA, sarcopenia by the EWGSOP-1 criteria, and obesity by body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage. Fractures were verified radiographically or by consulting the medical records. Results The prevalence of sarcopenic osteoporosis was 2.8% and the OR for this association 1.03 (p=0.89). The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity by BMI was 1.4% and by fat percentage 5.9% (corresponding ORs: 0.18 (p<0.0001) and 0.58 (p<0.003) respectively). The prevalence of the association of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity was 0.0% when assessed by BMI and 0.8% when assessed by fat percentage. Patients with sarcopenic osteoporosis have less muscle mass and more fragility fractures than sarcopenic patients overall. In patients with sarcopenic obesity by fat percentage, muscle mass and strength, as well as physical performance, were similar to those of sarcopenic patients overall. Neither BMD nor fracture prevalence showed differences between patients with sarcopenic obesity and patients with sarcopenia or obesity in general. Conclusion Our study supports the idea that the prevalence of the mixed disorders studied is low. No significant association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia was found. Sarcopenia and obesity seem to tend to occur in different people, as if suffering from one of them hinders suffering from the other.Funding: Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was funded by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/00762), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain, which included FEDER funds from the EU

Bone turnover markers in Spanish adult men The Camargo Cohort Study

BACKGROUND. This cross-sectional study was performed to determine the reference ranges for two bone turnover markers -aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (-CTX)- in normal adult Spanish men as measured in serum by automated methods. METHODS. A community-based population of 660 healthy men ≥ 50 years was evaluated. Fasting serum levels of P1NP, -CTX, 25-hydroxivitamin D, and intact parathyroid hormone were measured on the Elecsys 2010 automated analyzer (Roche). BMD at lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip was determined by DXA. RESULTS. Mean age of participants was 65±9 yrs. Logarithmic transformation of both markers was performed to allow for normal distribution. Mid-95% ranges for P1NP and -CTX were 15-78 ng/ml and 0.069-0.760 ng/ml, respectively. Median and interquartile range of serum P1NP and -CTX were 33.5 [25.5;44.4] ng/ml and 0.27 [0.19;0.38] ng/ml, respectively. Mean values of P1NP (37.1±16.7 ng/ml) were similar to those previously described. -CTX mean values (0.300±0.171 ng/ml) were also similar to those quoted by the manufacturers in men younger than 70 yrs, but slightly lower than those reported in subjects older than 70 yrs. Both markers were higher among osteoporotic men. After excluding from the analysis those men who were found to have BMD below -2.5 T-score, 25OHD serum level below 30 ng/ml or serum PTH above 65 pg/ml, P1NP and -CTX ranges were 17-71 ng/ml and 0.070- 0.681 ng/ml, again respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Values obtained from this well-characterized population study provide reference ranges for serum automated P1NP and -CTX in normal Spanish adult men