Shedding light on the chromatin changes that modulate shade responses

Altres ajuts: COST-Action INDEPTH CA16212; Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programmePerception of vegetation proximity or plant shade informs of potential competition for resources by the neighboring vegetation. As vegetation proximity impacts on both light quantity and quality, perception of this cue by plant photoreceptors reprograms development to result in responses that allow plants to compete with the neighboring vegetation. Developmental reprogramming involves massive and rapid changes in gene expression, with the concerted action of photoreceptors and downstream transcription factors. Changes in gene expression can be modulated by epigenetic processes that alter chromatin compaction, influencing the accessibility and binding of transcription factors to regulatory elements in the DNA. However, little is known about the epigenetic regulation of plant responses to the proximity of other plants. In this manuscript, we review what is known about plant shade effects on chromatin changes at the cytological level, that is, changes in nuclear morphology and high order chromatin density. We address which are the specific histone post-transcriptional modifications that have been associated with changes in shade-regulated gene expression, such as histone acetylation and histone methylation. Furthermore, we explore the possible mechanisms that integrate shade signaling components and chromatin remodelers to settle epigenetic marks at specific loci. This review aims to be a starting point to understand how a specific environmental cue, plant shade, integrates with chromatin dynamics to implement the proper acclimation responses

Plant Responses to Vegetation Proximity: A Whole Life Avoiding Shade

In high density of vegetation, plants detect neighbors by perceiving changes in light quality through phytochrome photoreceptors. Close vegetation proximity might result in competition for resources, such as light. To face this challenge, plants have evolved two alternative strategies: to either tolerate or avoid shade. Shade-avoiding species generally adapt their development by inducing hypocotyl, stem, and petiole elongation, apical dominance and flowering, and decreasing leaf expansion and yield, a set of responses collectively known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). The SAS responses have been mostly studied at the seedling stage, centered on the increase of hypocotyl elongation. After compiling the main findings about SAS responses in seedlings, this review is focused on the response to shade at adult stages of development, such as petioles of adult leaves, and the little information available on the SAS responses in reproductive tissues. We discuss these responses based on the knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and components with a role in regulating the SAS response of the hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana. The transcriptional networks involved in this process, as well as the communication among the tissues that perceive the shade and the ones that respond to this stimulus will also be briefly commented.IR-V holds a Beatriu de Pinós contract from the Agència de Gestió D’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya). Our research is supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2014-59895-P) and AGAUR (2014-SGR447 and Xarba) to JFM-G.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

Límites de la jurisdicción militar determinada en los casos mexicanos ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos que crea directrices para los Estados parte del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

28 p.La historia de América Latina ha registrado numerosos acontecimientos en los que se ven implicados miembros de las fuerzas militares y de la policía, en la comisión de graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, vulneraciones que, por demandas no solo nacionales sino regionales, exigen ser debidamente juzgadas. Estos deseos se ven menguados en la práctica por el fuero militar y por su propia jurisdicción, por esta razón resulta conveniente revisar los lineamientos regionales e internos que delimitan dichas disposiciones en pro del respeto por los derechos humanos, buscando establecer cuál de los dos resulta ser el más adecuado para cumplir la finalidad en mención; para ello, esta investigación se dividirá en tres ejes temáticos: i) un marco teórico sobre los estándares internos acerca de los límites a la jurisdicción militar, ii) limites regionales, y iii) aplicación interna de los preceptos supranacionales sobre el fuero militar.Este capítulo es resultado de los proyectos de investigación: “Justicia Multinivel y aplicabilidad del control de convencionalidad en la tutela judicial efectiva de los derechos humanos dentro de la Fuerza Pública colombiana”, que hace parte de la línea de investigación: “Relaciones internacionales, seguridad y defensa” del Grupo de Investigación: “Estudios Internacionales”, vinculado a la Facultad de Relaciones Internacionales, adscrito y financiado por la Escuela Militar de Cadetes Gral. José María Córdova, y del proyecto: “La convencionalización del derecho: el caso del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano desde la justicia multinivel y el posconflicto” que forma parte de la línea de investigación Fundamentación e implementación de los derechos humanos, del Grupo de investigación “Persona, instituciones y exigencias de justicia”, registrado con el código COL0120899 en Colciencias, vinculado al Centro de Investigaciones Socio Jurídicas (Cisjuc), adscrito y financiado por la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, con participación de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas.Estándares internos de protección (México y Colombia) Supremacía constitucional Derecho procesal constitucional Marco constitucional en materia castrenses Jurisdicción penal militar Ámbito internacional Sistemas regionales de protección de Derechos Humanos Límites regionales a la jurisdicción penal militar Control difuso de convencionalidad Aplicación del Control de Convencionalidad Difuso Reforma al Código de Justicia Militar Declaración de cumplimento Conclusione

Functional analysis of stress protein data in a flor yeast subjected to a biofilm forming condition

AbstractIn this data article, an OFFGEL fractionator coupled to LTQ Orbitrap XL MS equipment and a SGD filtering were used to detect in a biofilm-forming flor yeast strain, the maximum possible number of stress proteins under the first stage of a biofilm formation conditions (BFC) and under an initial stage of fermentation used as reference, so-called non-biofilm formation condition (NBFC). Protein functional analysis – based on cellular components and biological process GO terms – was performed for these proteins through the SGD Gene Ontology Slim Mapper tool. A detailed analysis and interpretation of the data can be found in “Stress responsive proteins of a flor yeast strain during the early stages of biofilm formation” [1]

H-P2PSIP: Interconnection of P2PSIP domains for Global Multimedia Services based on a Hierarchical DHT Overlay Network

The IETF P2PSIP WG is currently standardising a protocol for distributed mul- timedia services combining the media session functionality of SIP and the decentralised distribution and localisation of resources in peer-to-peer networks. The current P2PSIP scenarios only consider the infrastructure for the connectivity inside a single domain. This paper proposes an extension of the current work to a hierarchical multi-domain scenario: a two level hierarchical peer-to-peer overlay architecture for the interconnection of different P2PSIP domains. The purpose is the creation of a global decentralised multimedia services in enterprises, ISPs or community networks. We present a study of the Routing Performance and Routing State in the particular case of a two-level Distributed Hash Table Hierarchy that uses Kademlia. The study is supported by an analytical model and its validation by a peer-to-peer simulator.En prens

Formación e información en la meteorología y climatología

Número monográfico dedicado a la meteorología.En este artículo se pretenden exponer las principales actividades que el Instituto Nacional de Meteorología realiza en cumplimiento de las funciones que tiene encomendadas en estas dos importantes misiones de la Meteorología y la Climatología al servicio de la sociedad: formar e informar, que contribuyen al bienestar y calidad de vida de los ciudadanos

Stabilization of Polymeric Nanofibers Layers for Use as Real-Time and In-Flow Photonic Sensors

In order to increase the sensitivity of a sensor, the relationship between its volume and the surface available to be functionalized is of great importance. Accordingly, porous materials are becoming very relevant, because they have a notable surface-to-volume ratio. Moreover, they offer the possibility to infiltrate the target substances on them. Among other porous structures, polymeric nanofibers (NFs) layers fabricated by electrospinning have emerged as a very promising alternative to low-cost and easy-to-produce high-performance photonic sensors. However, experimental results show a spectrum drift when performing sensing measurements in real-time. That drift is responsible for a significant error when trying to determine the refractive index variation for a target solution, and, because of that, for the detection of the presence of certain analytes. In order to avoid that problem, different chemical and thermal treatments were studied. The best results were obtained for thermal steps at 190 °C during times between 3 and 5 h. As a result, spectrum drifts lower than 5 pm/min and sensitivities of 518 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) in the visible range of the spectrum were achieved in different electrospun NFs sensors.This work was supported by the Spanish government through the project TEC2015-63838-C3-1-ROPTONANOSENS and from the Basque government through the project KK-2019/00101 -µ4INDUSTR