The comovement between height and some economic development indicators in Spain

This paper investigates the relationship between height and some measures of human welfare in Spain for the period 1850-1978. For that purpose, we employ several filtering methods to measure the correlation between variables such as first order differences, deterministic trends, the Hodrick and Prescott filter, the band-pass filter or den Haan (2000)’s methodology which uses a new set of statistics to characterize the co-movement between variables to capture the dynamic between variables. We always find a strong and positive correlation between height and GDP per cápita, height and the weight of health services in total consumption, and height and openness. By contrast, we have a negative correlation between height and the mortality rate and height and the ratio between the deflator of private consumption and the GDP deflator. By applying den Haan (2000)’s method, we find that the comovement between height and GDP per cápita is always positive, increasing in the medium and long-run. This correlation is higher after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). We also observe that height and mortality rate have a negative correlation in the medium-run. Other health indicators such as the weight of health services in total consumption and the ratio between the deflator of private consumption and the GDP deflator show a positive and negative co-movement in the short-run, respectively. Nevertheless, they change their sign of correlation in the long-run. Finally, we observe a positive co-movement between height and illiteracy rate in the short-run, a negative one in the long-run, and a strong and positive comovement between height and the grade of openness.Height, physical stature, anthropometrics, education, economic development, VAR forecast errors

La enseñanza del metabolismo: retos y oportunidades

En el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Educativa de la Universidad de Málaga PIE15-163, cuya descripción y resultados incluimos, decidimos que esta era una excelente oportunidad para reflexionar acerca de la enseñanza del metabolismo y de poner por escrito dichas reflexiones en un libro. Quisimos y pudimos contar con la colaboración de buena parte de los compañeros del Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica que apoyaron con su firma el proyecto PIE15-163 y extendimos nuestra invitaciones a otros compañeros de dentro y fuera de la Universidad de Málaga. Del Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica de la Universidad de Málaga hemos recibido aportaciones de los catedráticos Victoriano Valpuesta Fernández, Ana Rodríguez Quesada y Antonio Heredia Bayona, los profesores titulares María Josefa Pérez Rodríguez, José Luis Urdiales Ruiz e Ignacio Fajardo Paredes y la investigadora postdoctoral y profesora sustituta interina Beatriz Martínez Poveda. De otros departamentos de la Universidad de Málaga hemos contado con las aportaciones de la catedrática del Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología Pilar Morata Losa, del catedrático del Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación José Francisco Aldana Montes y los componentes de su grupo de investigación Khaos Ismael Navas Delgado, María Jesús García Godoy, Esteban López Camacho y Maciej Rybinski, del catedrático Ángel Blanco López, del Área de Conocimiento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y del Doctor en Ciencias Químicas y actual doctorando del Programa de Doctorado "Educación y Comunicación Social" Ángel Luis García Ponce. De fuera de la Universidad de Málaga, hemos contado con las aportaciones del catedrático de la Universidad de La Laguna Néstor V. Torres Darias, de la catedrática de la Universitat de les Illes Balears Pilar Roca Salom y de sus compañeros los profesores Jorge Sastre Serra y Jordi Oliver, de los catedráticos de la Universidad de Granada Rafael Salto González y María Dolores Girón González y su colaborador el Dr. José Dámaso Vílchez Rienda, del profesor titular de la Universidad de Alcalá Ángel Herráez, del investigador postdoctoral de la Universidad de Erlangen (Alemania) Guido Santos y del investigador postdoctoral de la empresa Brain Dynamics Carlos Rodríguez Caso.Hemos estructurado los contenidos del libro en diversas secciones. La primera presenta el Proyecto en cuyo marco se ha gestado la iniciativa que ha conducido a la edición del presente libro. La segunda sección la hemos titulado "¿Qué metabolismo?" e incluye diversas aportaciones personales que reflexionan acerca de qué metabolismo debe conocer un graduado en Bioquímica, en Biología, en Química, en Farmacia o en Medicina, así como una aportación acerca de qué bioquímica estructural y enzimología son útiles y necesarias para un estudiante que vaya a afrontar el estudio del metabolismo. La tercera sección, "Bases conceptuales", analiza las aportaciones del aprendizaje colaborativo, el contrato de aprendizaje y el aprendizaje basado en la resolución de casos prácticos a la mejora del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje dentro del campo de la Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, más concretamente en el estudio del metabolismo. La cuarta sección se titula "Herramientas", es la más extensa e incluye las diversas aportaciones centradas en propuestas concretas de aplicación relevantes y útiles para la mejora de la docencia-aprendizaje del metabolismo. Sigue una sección dedicada a presentar de forma resumida los "Resultados" del proyecto PIE15-163. El libro concluye con una "coda final" en la que se reflexiona acerca del aprendizaje de la Química a la luz de la investigación didáctica.Patrocinado por el Proyecto de Innovación Educativa de la Universidad de Málaga PIE15-16

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 10

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 10, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Cross-sectional associations of objectively-measured sleep characteristics with obesity and type 2 diabetes in the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

To examine independent and combined associations of sleep duration and sleep variability with body composition, obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in elders at high cardiovascular risk. Cross-sectional analysis of 1986 community-dwelling elders with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus trial. Associations of accelerometry-derived sleep duration and sleep variability with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body composition were assessed fitting multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for obesity and T2D were obtained using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with constant time. "Bad sleepers" (age-specific non-recommended sleep duration plus sleep variability above the median) and "good sleepers" (age-specific recommended sleep duration plus sleep variability below the median) were characterized by combining sleep duration and sleep variability, and their associations with these outcomes were examined. One hour/night increment in sleep duration was inversely associated with BMI (β -0.38 kg/m2 [95% CI -0.54, -0.23]), WC (β -0.86 cm [95% CI -1.25, -0.47]), obesity (PR 0.96 [95% CI 0.93, 0.98]), T2D (PR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88, 0.98]) and other DXA-derived adiposity-related measurements (android fat and trunk fat, all p This study revealed cross-sectional associations of sleep duration with adiposity parameters and obesity. Sleep duration and sleep variability were associated with T2D. Considering simultaneously sleep duration and sleep variability could have additional value, particularly for T2D, as they may act synergistically

Dietary folate intake and metabolic syndrome in participants of PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional study.

We examined the association between dietary folate intake and a score of MetS (metabolic syndrome) and its components among older adults at higher cardiometabolic risk participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A cross-sectional analysis with 6633 with overweight/obesity participants with MetS was conducted. Folate intake (per 100 mcg/day and in quintiles) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We calculated a MetS score using the standardized values as shown in the formula: [(body mass index + waist-to-height ratio)/2] + [(systolic blood pressure + diastolic blood pressure)/2] + plasma fasting glucose-HDL cholesterol + plasma triglycerides. The MetS score as continuous variable and its seven components were the outcome variables. Multiple robust linear regression using MM-type estimator was performed to evaluate the association adjusting for potential confounders. We observed that an increase in energy-adjusted folate intake was associated with a reduction of MetS score (β for 100 mcg/day = - 0.12; 95% CI: - 0.19 to - 0.05), and plasma fasting glucose (β = - 0.03; 95% CI: - 0.05 to - 0.02) independently of the adherence to Mediterranean diet and other potential confounders. We also found a positive association with HDL-cholesterol (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04-0.10). These associations were also observed when quintiles of energy-adjusted folate intake were used instead. This study suggests that a higher folate intake may be associated with a lower MetS score in older adults, a lower plasma fasting glucose, and a greater HDL cholesterol in high-risk cardio-metabolic subjects

Relation of Lipoprotein(a) Levels to Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Modification by Alirocumab Treatment

none1691siOBJECTIVE: In observational data, lower levels of lipoprotein(a) have been associated with greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Whether pharmacologic lowering of lipoprotein(a) influences incident type 2 diabetes is unknown. We determined the relationship of lipoprotein(a) concentration with incident type 2 diabetes and effects of treatment with alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial alirocumab was compared with placebo in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Incident diabetes was determined from laboratory, medication, and adverse event data. RESULTS: Among 13,480 patients without diabetes at baseline, 1,324 developed type 2 diabetes over a median 2.7 years. Median baseline lipoprotein(a) was 21.9 mg/dL. With placebo, 10 mg/dL lower baseline lipoprotein(a) was associated with hazard ratio 1.04 (95% CI 1.02-1.06, P < 0.001) for incident type 2 diabetes. Alirocumab reduced lipoprotein(a) by a median 23.2% with greater absolute reductions from higher baseline levels and no overall effect on incident type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.85-1.05). At low baseline lipoprotein(a) levels, alirocumab tended to reduce incident type 2 diabetes, while at high baseline lipoprotein(a) alirocumab tended to increase incident type 2 diabetes compared with placebo (treatment-baseline lipoprotein(a) interaction P = 0.006). In the alirocumab group, a 10 mg/dL decrease in lipoprotein(a) from baseline was associated with hazard ratio 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.12; P = 0.0002) for incident type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute coronary syndrome, baseline lipoprotein(a) concentration associated inversely with incident type 2 diabetes. Alirocumab had neutral overall effect on incident type 2 diabetes. However, treatment-related reductions in lipoprotein(a), more pronounced from high baseline levels, were associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Whether these findings pertain to other therapies that reduce lipoprotein(a) is undetermined.restrictedSchwartz G.G.; Szarek M.; Bittner V.A.; Bhatt D.L.; Diaz R.; Goodman S.G.; Jukema J.W.; Loy M.; Manvelian G.; Pordy R.; White H.D.; Steg P.G. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Committees and Investigators: Gregory G Schwartz, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Deepak L Bhatt, Vera A Bittner, Rafael Diaz, Shaun G Goodman, Robert A Harrington, J Wouter Jukema, Michael Szarek, Harvey D White, Andreas M Zeiher, Pierluigi Tricoci, Matthew T Roe, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Jay M Edelberg, Corinne Hanotin, Guillaume Lecorps, Angèle Moryusef, Robert Pordy, William J Sasiela, Jean-François Tamby, Philip E Aylward, Heinz Drexel, Peter Sinnaeve, Mirza Dilic, Renato D Lopes, Nina N Gotcheva, Juan-Carlos Prieto, Huo Yong, Patricio López-Jaramillo, Ivan Pećin, Zeljko Reiner, Petr Ostadal, Margus Viigimaa, Markku S Nieminen, Vakhtang Chumburidze, Nikolaus Marx, Nicolas Danchin, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Pablo Carlos Montenegro Valdovinos, Hung-Fat Tse, Robert Gabor Kiss, Denis Xavier, Doron Zahger, Marco Valgimigli, Takeshi Kimura, Hyo Soo Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Andrejs Erglis, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Sasko Kedev, Khalid Yusoff, Gabriel Arturo Ramos López, Marco Alings, Sigrun Halvorsen, Roger M Correa Flores, Andrzej Budaj, Joao Morais, Maria Dorobantu, Yuri Karpov, Arsen D Ristic, Terrance Chua, Jan Murin, Zlatko Fras, Anthony J Dalby, José Tuñón, H Asita de Silva, Emil Hagström, Ulf Landmesser, Chern-En Chiang, Piyamitr Sritara, Sema Guneri, Alexander Parkhomenko, Kausik K Ray, Patrick M Moriarty, Robert Vogel, Bernard Chaitman, Sheryl F Kelsey, Anders G Olsson, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Maarten L Simoons, Karen Alexander, Chiara Meloni, Robert Rosenson, Eric J G Sijbrands, Pierluigi Tricoci, John H Alexander, Luciana Armaganijan, Akshay Bagai, Maria Cecilia Bahit, J Matthew Brennan, Shaun Clifton, Adam D DeVore, Shalonda Deloatch, Sheila Dickey, Keith Dombrowski, Grégory Ducrocq, Zubin Eapen, Patricia Endsley, Arleen Eppinger, Robert W Harrison, Connie Ng Hess, Mark A Hlatky, Joseph Dedrick Jordan, Joshua W Knowles, Bradley J Kolls, David F Kong, Sergio Leonardi, Linda Lillis, David J Maron, Jill Marcus, Robin Mathews, Rajendra H Mehta, Robert J Mentz, Humberto Graner Moreira, Chetan B Patel, Sabrina Bernardez-Pereira, Lynn Perkins, Thomas J Povsic, Etienne Puymirat, William Schuyler Jones, Bimal R Shah, Matthew W Sherwood, Kenya Stringfellow, Darin Sujjavanich, Mustafa Toma, Charlene Trotter, Sean Van Diepen, Matthew D Wilson, Andrew T Yan, Lilia B Schiavi, Marcelo Garrido, Andrés F Alvarisqueta, Sonia A Sassone, Anselmo P Bordonava, Alberto E Alves De Lima, Jorge M Schmidberg, Ernesto A Duronto, Orlando C Caruso, Leonardo P Novaretto, Miguel Angel Hominal, Oscar R Montaña, Alberto Caccavo, Oscar A Gomez Vilamajo, Alberto J Lorenzatti, Luis R Cartasegna, Gustavo A Paterlini, Ignacio J Mackinnon, Guillermo D Caime, Marcos Amuchastegui, Oscar Salomone, Oscar R Codutti, Horacio O Jure, Julio O E Bono, Adrian D Hrabar, Julio A Vallejos, Rodolfo A Ahuad Guerrero, Federico Novoa, Cristian A Patocchi, Cesar J Zaidman, Maria E Giuliano, Ricardo D Dran, Marisa L Vico, Gabriela S Carnero, Pablo N Guzman, Juan C Medrano Allende, Daniela F Garcia Brasca, Miguel H Bustamante Labarta, Sebastian Nani, Eduardo D S Blumberg, Hugo R Colombo, Alberto Liberman, Victorino Fuentealba, Hector L Luciardi, Gabriel D Waisman, Mario A Berli, Ruben O Garcia Duran, Horacio G Cestari, Hugo A Luquez, Jorge A Giordano, Silvia S Saavedra, Gerardo Zapata, Osvaldo Costamagna, Susana Llois, Jonathon H Waites, Nicholas Collins, Allan Soward, Chris L S Hii, James Shaw, Margaret A Arstall, John Horowitz, Daniel Ninio, James F Rogers, David Colquhoun, Romulo E Oqueli Flores, Philip Roberts-Thomson, Owen Raffel, Sam J Lehman, Constantine Aroney, Steven G M Coverdale, Paul J Garrahy, Gregory Starmer, Mark Sader, Patrick A Carroll, Ronald Dick, Robert Zweiker, Uta Hoppe, Kurt Huber, Rudolf Berger, Georg Delle-Karth, Bernhard Frey, Franz Weidinger, Dirk Faes, Kurt Hermans, Bruno Pirenne, Attilio Leone, Etienne Hoffer, Mathias C M Vrolix, Luc De Wolf, Bart Wollaert, Marc Castadot, Karl Dujardin, Christophe Beauloye, Geert Vervoort, Harry Striekwold, Carl Convens, John Roosen, Emanuele Barbato, Marc Claeys, Frank Cools, Ibrahim Terzic, Fahir Barakovic, Zlatko Midzic, Belma Pojskic, Emir Fazlibegovic, Mehmed Kulić, Azra Durak-Nalbantic, Dusko Vulic, Adis Muslibegovic, Boris Goronja, Gilmar Reis, Luciano Sousa, Jose C Nicolau, Flavio E Giorgeto, Ricardo P Silva, Lilia Nigro Maia, Rafael Rech, Paulo R F Rossi, Maria José A G Cerqueira, Norberto Duda, Renato Kalil, Adrian Kormann, José Antonio M Abrantes, Pedro Pimentel Filho, Ana Priscila Soggia, Mayler O N de Santos, Fernando Neuenschwander, Luiz C Bodanese, Yorghos L Michalaros, Freddy G Eliaschewitz, Maria H Vidotti, Paulo E Leaes, Roberto V Botelho, Sergio Kaiser, Euler Roberto Fernandes Manenti, Dalton B Precoma, Jose C Moura Jorge, Pedro G Silva, Jose A Silveira, Wladmir Saporito, Jose A Marin-Neto, Gilson S Feitosa, Luiz Eduardo F Ritt, Juliana A de Souza, Fernando Costa, Weimar K S B Souza, Helder J L Reis, Leandro Machado, José Carlos Aidar Ayoub, Georgi V Todorov, Fedya P Nikolov, Elena S Velcheva, Maria L Tzekova, Haralambi O Benov, Stanislav L Petranov, Haralin S Tumbev, Nina S Shehova-Yankova, Dimitar T Markov, Dimitar H Raev, Mihail N Mollov, Kostadin N Kichukov, Katya A Ilieva-Pandeva, Raya Ivanova, Maryana Gospodinov, Valentina M Mincheva, Petar V Lazov, Bojidar I Dimov, Manohara Senaratne, James Stone, Jan Kornder, Stephen Pearce, Danielle Dion, Daniel Savard, Yves Pesant, Amritanshu Pandey, Simon Robinson, Gilbert Gosselin, Saul Vizel, Gordon Hoag, Ronald Bourgeois, Anne Morisset, Eric Sabbah, Bruce Sussex, Simon Kouz, Paul MacDonald, Ariel Diaz, Nicolas Michaud, David Fell, Raymond Leung, Tycho Vuurmans, Christopher Lai, Frank Nigro, Richard Davies, Gustavo Nogareda, Ram Vijayaraghavan, John Ducas, Serge Lepage, Shamir Mehta, James Cha, Robert Dupuis, Peter Fong, Sohrab Lutchmedial, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Hussein Fadlallah, David Cleveland, Thao Huynh, Iqbal Bata, Adnan Hameed, Cristian Pincetti, Sergio Potthoff, Monica Acevedo, Arnoldo Aguirre, Margarita Vejar, Mario Yañez, Guillermo Araneda, Mauricio Fernandez, Luis Perez, Paola Varleta, Fernando Florenzano, Laura Huidobro, Carlos A Raffo, Claudia Olivares, Leonardo Nahuelpan, Humberto Montecinos, Jiyan Chen, Yugang Dong, Weijian Huang, Jianzhong Wang, Shi'An Huang, Zhuhua Yao, Xiang Li, Lan Cui, Wenhua Lin, Yuemin Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Jianping Li, Xuelian Zhang, Hong Zhu, Dandan Chen, Lan Huang, Shaohong Dong, Guohai Su, Biao Xu, Xi Su, Xiaoshu Cheng, Jinxiu Lin, Wenxia Zong, Huanming Li, Yi Feng, Dingli Xu, Xinchun Yang, Yuannan Ke, Xuefeng Lin, Zheng Zhang, Zeqi Zheng, Zhurong Luo, Yundai Chen, Chunhua Ding, Yi Zhong, Yang Zheng, Xiaodong Li, Daoquan Peng, Shuiping Zhao, Ying Li, Xuebo Liu, Meng Wei, Shaowen Liu, Yihua Yu, Baiming Qu, Weihong Jiang, Yujie Zhou, Xingsheng Zhao, Zuyi Yuan, Ying Guo, Xiping Xu, Xubo Shi, Junbo Ge, Guosheng Fu, Feng Bai, Weiyi Fang, Xiling Shou, Xiangjun Yang, Jian'An Wang, Meixiang Xiang, Yingxian Sun, Qinghua Lu, Ruiyan Zhang, Jianhua Zhu, Yizhou Xu, Zhongcai Fan, Tianchang Li, Chun Wu, Nicolas Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Diana C Luna Botia, Rodrigo Botero Lopez, Dora I Molina De Salazar, Alberto J Cadena Bonfanti, Carlos Cotes Aroca, Juan Diego Higuera, Marco Blanquicett, Sandra I Barrera Silva, Henry J Garcia Lozada, Julian A Coronel Arroyo, Jose L Accini Mendoza, Ricardo L Fernandez Ruiz, Alvaro M Quintero Ossa, Fernando G Manzur Jatin, Aristides Sotomayor Herazo, Jeffrey Castellanos Parada, Rafael Suarez Arambula, Miguel A Urina Triana, Angela M Fernandez Trujillo, Maja Strozzi, Siniša Car, Melita Jerić, Davor Miličić, Martina Lovrić Benčić, Hrvoje Pintarić, Đeiti Prvulović, Jozica Šikić, Viktor Peršić, Dean Mileta, Kresimir Štambuk, Zdravko Babić, Vjekoslav Tomulic, Josip Lukenda, Stanka Mejic-Krstulovic, Boris Starcevic, Jindrich Spinar, David Horak, Zdenek Velicka, Josef Stasek, David Alan, Vilma Machova, Ales Linhart, Vojtech Novotny, Vladimir Kaucak, Richard Rokyta, Robert Naplava, Zdenek Coufal, Vera Adamkova, Ivo Podpera, Jiri Zizka, Zuzana Motovska, Ivana Marusincova, Premysl Svab, Petr Heinc, Jiri Kuchar, Petr Povolny, Jiri Matuska, Steen H Poulsen, Bent Raungaard, Peter Clemmensen, Lia E Bang, Ole May, Morten Bøttcher, Jens D Hove, Lars Frost, Gunnar Gislason, John Larsen, Peter Betton Johansen, Flemming Hald, Peter Johansen, Jørgen Jeppesen, Tonny Nielsen, Kjeld S Kristensen, Piotr Maria Walichiewicz, Jens D Lomholdt, Ib C Klausen, Peter Kaiser Nielsen, Flemming Davidsen, Lars Videbaek, Mai Soots, Veiko Vahula, Anu Hedman, Üllar Soopõld, Kaja Märtsin, Tiina Jurgenson, Arved Kristjan, Juhani K Airaksinen, Saila Vikman, Heikki Huikuri, Pierre Coste, Emile Ferrari, Olivier Morel, Gilles Montalescot, Jacques Machecourt, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Jacques Mansourati, Yves Cottin, Florence Leclercq, Abdelkader Belhassane, Nicolas Delarche, Franck Boccara, Franck Paganelli, Jérôme Clerc, Francois Schiele, Victor Aboyans, Vincent Probst, Jacques Berland, Thierry Lefèvre, Bernard Citron, Irakli Khintibidze, Tamaz Shaburishvili, Zurab Pagava, Ramaz Ghlonti, Zaza Lominadze, George Khabeishvili, Rayyan Hemetsberger, Kemala Edward, Ursula Rauch-Kröhnert, Matthias Stratmann, Karl-Friedrich Appel, Ekkehard Schmidt, Heyder Omran, Christoph Stellbrink, Thomas Dorsel, Emmanouil Lianopoulos, Hans Friedrich Vöhringer, Roger Marx, Andreas Zirlik, Detlev Schellenberg, Thomas Heitzer, Ulrich Laufs, Christian Werner, Nikolaus Marx, Stephan Gielen, Sebastian Nuding, Bernhard Winkelmann, Steffen Behrens, Karsten Sydow, Mahir Karakas, Gregor Simonis, Thomas Muenzel, Nikos Werner, Stefan Leggewie, Dirk Böcker, Rüdiger Braun-Dullaeus, Nicole Toursarkissian, Michael Jeserich, Matthias Weißbrodt, Tim Schaeufele, Joachim Weil, Heinz Völler, Johannes Waltenberger, Mohammed Natour, Susanne Schmitt, Dirk Müller-Wieland, Stephan Steiner, Lothar Heidenreich, Elmar Offers, Uwe Gremmler, Holger Killat, Werner Rieker, Sotiris Patsilinakos, Athanasios Kartalis, Athanassios Manolis, Dimitrios Sionis, Geargios Chachalis, Ioannis Skoumas, Vasilios Athyros, Panagiotis Vardas, Frangkiskos Parthenakis, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Georgios Hahalis, John Lekakis, Apostolos Hatzitolios, Sergio R Fausto Ovando, Juan L Arango Benecke, Edgar R Rodriguez De Leon, Bryan P Y Yan, David C W Siu, Tibor Turi, Bela Merkely, Imre Ungi, Geza Lupkovics, Lajos Nagy, András Katona, István Édes, Gábor Müller, Iván Horvath, Tibor Kapin, Zsolt Szigeti, József Faluközy, Mukund Kumbla, Manjinder Sandhu, Sharath Annam, Naveen Reddy Proddutur, Reddy Regella, Rajendra K Premchand, Ajaykumar Mahajan, Sudhir Pawar, Atul D Abhyanakar, Prafulla Kerkar, Ravishankar A Govinda, Abraham Oomman, Dhurjati Sinha, Sachin N Patil, Dhiman Kahali, Jitendra Sawhney, Abhijeet B Joshi, Sanjeev Chaudhary, Pankaj Harkut, Santanu Guha, Sanjay Porwal, Srimannarayana Jujjuru, Ramesh B Pothineni, Minguel R Monteiro, Aziz Khan, Shamanna S Iyengar, Jasprakash Singh Grewal, Manoj Chopda, Mahesh C Fulwani, Aparna Patange, Patil Sachin, Vijay K Chopra, Naresh K Goyal, Rituparna Shinde, Gajendra V Manakshe, Nitin Patki, Sumeet Sethi, Vengatesh Munusamy, Sunil Karna, Sunil Thanvi, Srilakshmi Adhyapak, Chandrakant Patil, Ulhas Pandurangi, Rishabh Mathur, Jugal Gupta, Suhas Kalashetti, Ajit Bhagwat, Bagirath Raghuraman, Shiv Kumar Yerra, Prasant Bhansali, Rohidas Borse, Patil Rahul, Srihari Das, Vinay Kumar, Jabir Abdullakutty, Shireesh Saathe, Priya Palimkar, Shireesh Sathe, Shaul Atar, Michael Shechter, Morris Mosseri, Yaron Arbel, Chorin Ehud, Havakuk Ofer, Chaim Lotan, Uri Rosenschein, Amos Katz, Yaakov Henkin, Adi Francis, Marc Klutstein, Eugenia Nikolsky, Robert Zukermann, Yoav Turgeman, Majdi Halabi, Alon Marmor, Ran Kornowski, Michael Jonas, Offer Amir, Yonathan Hasin, Yoseph Rozenman, Shmuel Fuchs, Vered Zvi, Osamah Hussein, Dov Gavish, Zvi Vered, Yoseph Caraco, Mazen Elias, Naveh Tov, Efrat Wolfovitz, Michael Lishner, Nizar Elias, Giancarlo Piovaccari, Annamaria De Pellegrin, Raffaella Garbelotto, Gabriele Guardigli, Valgimigli Marco, Giovanni Licciardello, Carla Auguadro, Filippo Scalise, Claudio Cuccia, Alessandro Salvioni, Giuseppe Musumeci, Michelle Senni, Paolo Calabrò, Salvatore Novo, Pompilio Faggiano, Marco Metra, Nicoletta B De Cesare, Sergio Berti, Claudio Cavallini, Enrico Puccioni, Marcello Galvani, Maurizio Tespili, Piermarco Piatti, Michela Palvarini, Giuseppe De Luca, Roberto Violini, Alessandro De Leo, Zoran Olivari, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Maurizio Ferratini, Vittorio Racca, Kazuoki Dai, Yuji Shimatani, Haruo Kamiya, Kenji Ando, Yoshihiro Takeda, Yoshihiro Morino, Yoshiki Hata, Kazuo Kimura, Koichi Kishi, Ichiro Michishita, Hiroki Uehara, Toshinori Higashikata, Atsushi Hirayama, Keiji Hirooka, Yasuji Doi, Satoru Sakagami, Shuichi Taguchi, Akihiro Koike, Hiroyuki Fujinaga, Shinji Koba, Ken Kozuma, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Yujiro Ono, Masatoshi Shimizu, Yousuke Katsuda, Atsuyuki Wada, Toshiro Shinke, Takeshi Kimura, Junya Ako, Kenshi Fujii, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Koichi Nakao, Yutaka Furukawa, Hiroshi Sugino, Ritsu Tamura, Toshiaki Mano, Masaaki Uematsu, Noriaki Utsu, Kashima Ito, Takuya Haraguchi, Katsuhiko Sato, Yasunori Ueda, Akira Nishibe, Kazuteru Fujimoto, Motomaru Masutani, Jung Han Yoon, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Hun Sik Park, In-Ho Chae, Moo Hyun Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Seungwoon Rha, Chongjin Kim, Hyo-Soo Kim, Hae Young Kim, Taekjong Hong, Seung-Jea Tahk, Youngkwon Kim, Arija Busmane, Natalija Pontaga, Aldis Strelnieks, Iveta Mintale, Iveta Sime, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Roma Kavaliauskiene, Ruta Jurgaitiene, Gintare Sakalyte, Rimvydas Slapikas, Sigute Norkiene, Nerijus Misonis, Aleksandras Kibarskis, Raimondas Kubilius, Stojko Bojovski, Nensi Lozance, Aleksandar Kjovkaroski, Snezana Doncovska, Tiong Kiam Ong, Sazzli Kasim, Oteh Maskon, Balachandran Kandasamy, Houng B Liew, Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed, Armando García Castillo, Jorge Carrillo Calvillo, Pedro Fajardo Campos, Juan Carlos Núñez Fragoso, Edmundo Alfredo Bayram Llamas, Marco Antonio Alcocer Gamba, Jaime Carranza Madrigal, Luis Gerardo González Salas, Enrique López Rosas, Belinda González Díaz, Eduardo Salcido Vázquez, Alfredo Nacoud Ackar, Guillermo Antonio Llamas Esperón, Carlos Rodolfo Martínez Sánchez, María Guerrero De Leon, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Guillermo Fanghänel Salmón, Jesús Antonio Pérez Ríos, José Angel Garza Ruíz, Robert W Breedveld, Margriet Feenema-Aardema, Alida Borger-Van Der Burg, Pieter A M Hoogslag, Harry Suryapranata, Antonius Oomen, Paulus Van Haelst, Jacobijne J Wiersma, Dirk Basart, Ruud M A Van Der Wal, Peter Zwart, Pascalle Monraats, Henricus Van Kesteren, Ioannis Karalis, Johan Jukema, Gerardus J E Verdel, Bart R G Brueren, Roland P T Troquay, Eric P Viergever, Nadea Y Y Al-Windy, Gerard L Bartels, Jan H Cornel, Walter R M Hermans, Johannes P R Herrman, Robert J Bos, Reginald G E J Groutars, Coenraad C Van Der Zwaan, Refik Kaplan, Raymond Lionarons, Eelko Ronner, Bjorn E Groenemeijer, Patrick N A Bronzwaer, Anho A H Liem, Bernard J W M Rensing, Marcel J J A Bokern, Remco Nijmeijer, Ferry M R J Hersbach, Frank F Willems, Antonius T M Gosselink, Saman Rasoul, John Elliott, Gerard Wilkins, Raewyn Fisher, Douglas Scott, Hamish Hart, Ralph Stewart, Scott Harding, Ian Ternouth, Nicholas Fisher, Samuel Wilson, Denise Aitken, Russell Anscombe, Laura Davidson, Tadeusz Tomala, Ottar Nygård, Jon Arne Sparby, Kjell Andersen, Lars Gullestad, Jarle Jortveit, Peter S Munk, Erlend Gyllensten Singsaas, Ulf Hurtig, Jorge R Calderon Ticona, Julio R Durand Velasquez, Sandra A Negron Miguel, Enrique S Sanabria Perez, Jesus M Carrion Chambilla, Carlos A Chavez Ayala, Reynaldo P Castillo Leon, Rolando J Vargas Gonzales, Jose D Hernandez Zuniga, Luis A Camacho Cosavalente, Jorge E Bravo Mannucci, Javier Heredia Landeo, Nassip C Llerena Navarro, Yudy M Roldan Concha, Víctor E Rodriguez Chavez, Henry A Anchante Hernandez, Carlos A Zea Nunez, Walter Mogrovejo Ramos, Arthur Ferrolino, Rosa Allyn G Sy, Louie Tirador, Rody G Sy, Generoso Matiga, Raul Martin Coching, Alisa Bernan, Gregorio Rogelio, Dante D Morales, Edgar Tan, Dennis Jose Sulit, Adrian Wlodarczak, Krystyna Jaworska, Grzegorz Skonieczny, Lidia Pawlowicz, Pawel Wojewoda, Benita Busz-Papiez, Janusz Bednarski, Aleksander Goch, Pawel Staneta, Elzbieta Dulak, Krzysztof Saminski, Wlodzimierz Krasowski, Wanda Sudnik, Aleksander Zurakowski, Marcin Skorski, Beata Miklaszewicz, Jacek Kubica, Jan Andrzej Lipko, Edyta Kostarska-Srokosz, Marek Piepiorka, Anna Drzewiecka, Ryszard Sciborski, Arkadiusz Stasiewski, Tomasz Blicharski, Leszek Bystryk, Michal Szpajer, Marek Korol, Tomasz Czerski, Ewa Mirek-Bryniarska, Jacek Gniot, Andrzej Lubinski, Jerzy Gorny, Edward Franek, Grzegorz Raczak, Hanna Szwed, Pedro Monteiro, Jose Mesquita Bastos, Helder H Pereira, Dinis Martins, Filipe Seixo, Carlos Mendonça, Ana Botelho, Francisca Caetano, Bogdan Minescu, Octavian Istratoaie, Dan N Tesloianu, Gabriel Cristian, Silviu Dumitrescu, Cristian G C Podoleanu, Mircea C A Constantinescu, Cristina M Bengus, Constantin Militaru, Doina Rosu, Irinel R Parepa, Adrian V Matei, Tom M Alexandru, Mihaela Malis, Ioan Coman, Rodica Stanescu-Cioranu, Doina Dimulescu, Yury Shvarts, Olga Orlikova, Zhanna Kobalava, Olga L Barbarash, Valentin Markov, Nadezhda Lyamina, Alexander Gordienko, Konstantin Zrazhevsky, Alexander Y Vishnevsky, Victor Gurevich, Raisa Stryuk, Nikita V Lomakin, Igor Bokarev, Tatiana Khlevchuk, Sergey Shalaev, Larisa Khaisheva, Petr Chizhov, Inna Viktorova, Natalya Osokina, Vladimir Shchekotov, Evgenia Akatova, Galina Chumakova, Igor Libov, Mikhail I Voevoda, Tatyana V Tretyakova, Evgeny Baranov, Sergey Shustov, Sergey Yakushin, Ivan Gordeev, Niiaz Khasanov, Olga Reshetko, Tatiana Sotnikova, Olga Molchanova, Konstantin Nikolaev, Liudmila Gapon, Elena Baranova, Zaur Shogenov, Elena Kosmachova, Yuriy Karpov, Anton Povzun, Liudmila Egorova, Vadim V Tyrenko, Igor G Ivanov, Masterov Ilya, Sergey Kanorsky, Dragan Simic, Nikola Ivanovic, Goran Davidovic, Nebojsa Tasic, Milika R Asanin, Stevo Stojic, Svetlana R Apostolovic, Stevan Ilic, Biljana Putnikovic Tosic, Aleksandar Stankovic, Aleksandra Arandjelovic, Slavica Radovanovic, Branislava Todic, Jovan Balinovac, Dragan V Dincic, Petar Seferovic, Ana Karadzic, Slobodan Dodic, Sinisa Dimkovic, Tamara Jakimov, Kian-Keong Poh, Hean Yee Ong, Justin Tang I-Shing, Karol Micko, Jan Nociar, Daniel Pella, Peter Fulop, Marian Hranai, Juraj Palka, Juraj Mazur, Ivan Majercák, Andrej Dzupina, František Fazekas, Jozef Gonsorcik, Viliam Bugan, Juraj Selecky, Gabriel Kamensky, Jaroslava Strbova, Rudolf Smik, Andrej Dukat, Peter Olexa, Ivan Žuran, Janez Poklukar, Nataša Černič Šuligoj, Matija Cevc, Henry P Cyster, Naresh Ranjith, Clive Corbett, Junaid Bayat, Ellen Makoali Makotoko, Hendrik du Toit Theron, Ilse E Kapp, Matthys M de V Basson, Hanlie Lottering, Dina Van Aswegen, Louis J Van Zyl, Peter J Sebastian, Thayabran Pillay, Jan A Saaiman, Patrick J Commerford, Soraya Cassimjee, Garda Riaz, Iftikhar O Ebrahim, Mahomed Sarvan, Joseph H Mynhardt, Helmuth Reuter, Rajendran Moodley, Manuel Vida, Angel R Cequier Fillat, Vicente Bodí Peris, Francisco Fuentes Jimenez, Francisco Marín, Jose M Cruz Fernández, Rafael Jesus Hidalgo Urbano, Blas Gil-Extremera, Pablo Toledo, Fernando Worner Diz, David Garcia-Dorado, Andres Iñiguez, José Tuñón Fernández, Jose R Gonzalez-Juanatey, Javier Fernandez Portales, Fernando Civeira Murillo, Laia Matas Pericas, Jose Luis Zamorano, Manuel De Mora Martin, Jordi Bruguera Cortada, Joaquin J Alonso Martin, Jose Maria Serrano Antolin, José R De Berrazueta Fernández, José Antonio Vázquez de Prada, Jose Francisco Díaz Fernández, José Alberto García Lledó, Juan Cosín Sal

Lipoprotein(a) and Benefit of PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Nominally Controlled LDL Cholesterol

International audienceBackground: Guidelines recommend nonstatin lipid-lowering agents in patients at very high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) if low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains ≥70 mg/dL on maximum tolerated statin treatment. It is uncertain if this approach benefits patients with LDL-C near 70 mg/dL. Lipoprotein(a) levels may influence residual risk.Objectives: In a post hoc analysis of the ODYSSEY Outcomes (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) trial, the authors evaluated the benefit of adding the proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab to optimized statin treatment in patients with LDL-C levels near 70 mg/dL. Effects were evaluated according to concurrent lipoprotein(a) levels.Methods: ODYSSEY Outcomes compared alirocumab with placebo in 18,924 patients with recent acute coronary syndromes receiving optimized statin treatment. In 4,351 patients (23.0%), screening or randomization LDL-C was 13.7 mg/dL or ≤13.7 mg/dL; corresponding adjusted treatment hazard ratios were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72-0.92) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.75-1.06), with Pinteraction = 0.43.Conclusions: In patients with recent acute coronary syndromes and LDL-C near 70 mg/dL on optimized statin therapy, proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition provides incremental clinical benefit only when lipoprotein(a) concentration is at least mildly elevated. (ODYSSEY Outcomes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab; NCT01663402)

Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomised controlled trial

Background After acute coronary syndrome, diabetes conveys an excess risk of ischaemic cardiovascular events. A reduction in mean LDL cholesterol to 1.4-1.8 mmol/L with ezetimibe or statins reduces cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome and diabetes. However, the efficacy and safety of further reduction in LDL cholesterol with an inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) after acute coronary syndrome is unknown. We aimed to explore this issue in a prespecified analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab, assessing its effects on cardiovascular outcomes by baseline glycaemic status, while also assessing its effects on glycaemic measures including risk of new-onset diabetes

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele