“Kooperatiben Euskal Legea Nazioarteko Zuzenbide Kooperatiboaren Testuinguruan” Jardunaldiaren Kronika

Urriaren 1ean, "Kooperatiben Euskal Legea Nazioarteko Zuzenbide Kooperatiboaren Testuinguruan" deitutako Jardunaldia izan genuen Joxe Maria Korta Auditoriumean, UPV/EHUko Donostiako Campusean. Jardunaldiak Euskadiko Kooperatiben Goren-Kontseiluaren (CSCE-EKGK) babesa izan zuen, eta Gizarte Ekonomia eta Zuzenbide Kooperatiboaren Institutuak (GEZKI) antolatu zuen. Jardunaldiak kontinente guztietako 13 hizlari bildu zituen eta 40 ikusle baino gehiagok jarraitu zuten bai presentzialki, bai birtualki. Parte-hartzaileen artean dibertsitate handia aurkitu ahal izan zen: kooperatiben arloko akademiko, profesional, jurista eta erakunde publikoetako ordezkariak besteak beste. Jardunaldia hiru atalen barruan kokatu zen: Jardunaldiaren aurkezpena, nazioarteko ikuspegiak zuzenbide konparatuaren bidez, eta Euskal Kooperatiba Lege berria

Activist teachers and School diversity in a globalized and complex world.

Creemos que hay poca investigación sobre cómo la interacción de profesores con estudiantes étnica y lingüísticamente diferentes puede mejorar o generar en futuros profesoras y profesores un "comportamiento socialmente responsable" o puede promover una identidad activista (Sachs, 2001). En esta investigación la metodología elegida fue la investigación narrativa (Conle, 2000; Clandinin, 2007). Las entrevistas narrativas con un futuro maestro, una profesora de educación primaria con experiencia en el País Vasco y otra maestra de educación infantil, nos han permitido analizar sus experiencias profesionales sacudidas por las transformaciones sociales, económicas, tecnológicas y movimientos migratorios en un mundo en permanente cambio y globalización. En estas entrevistas en profundidad, los investigadores se centraron en "incidentes críticos" que los profesores optaron por narrar. Como conclusión podemos avanzar que vemos a estas maestras, en formación, a las principiantes y las expertas tan comprometidas unas como otras. Tan motivadas por cuestiones muy semejantes y relacionadas con la justicia social. Por último destacar que la puede aportar una herramienta fundamental en la toma de conciencia social dando visibilidad de historias silenciadas y de historias de vida de maestros y maestras activistas donde reflejar el sueño de mayor justicia social y el poder transformador de la utopía y de la lucha por un mundo mas igualitario y mejor

Leaf Traits Drive Plant Diversity Effects On Litter Decomposition And FPOM Production In Streams

Biodiversity loss in riparian forests has the potential to alter rates of leaf litter decomposition in stream ecosystems. However, studies have reported the full range of positive, negative and no effects of plant diversity loss on decomposition, and there is currently no explanation for such inconsistent results. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether plant diversity loss affects other ecological processes related to decomposition, such as fine particulate organic matter production or detritivore growth, which precludes a thorough understanding of how detrital stream food webs are impacted by plant diversity loss. We used a microcosm experiment to examine the effects of plant diversity loss on litter decomposition, fine particulate organic matter production, and growth of a dominant leaf-shredding detritivore, using litter mixtures varying in species composition. We hypothesized that plant diversity loss would decrease the rates of all studied processes, but such effects would depend on the leaf traits present in litter mixtures (both their average values and their variability). Our findings partly supported our hypotheses, showing that plant diversity loss had a consistently negative effect on litter decomposition and fine particulate organic matter production (but not on detritivore growth) across litter mixtures, which was mediated by detritivores. Importantly, the magnitude of the diversity effect and the relative importance of different mechanisms underlying this effect (i.e., complementarity vs. selection) varied depending on the species composition of litter mixtures, mainly because of differences in litter nutritional quality and trait variability. Complementarity was prevalent but varied in size, with positive selection effects also occurring in some mixtures. Our results support the notion that loss of riparian plant species is detrimental to key stream ecosystem processes that drive detrital food webs, but that the magnitude of such effects largely depends on the the order of species loss.This study was funded by the ‘BIOFUNCTION’ project (CGL2014-52779-P) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and FEDER to LB and JPo, Basque Government funds (IT302-16) to JPo, and Ikerbasque start-up funds to LB. NLR and AM were supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Basque Government and a postdoctoral contract from the University of the Basque Country, respectively. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Temperature Sensitivity of Microbial Litter Decomposition in Freshwaters: Role of Leaf Litter Quality and Environmental Characteristics

Ongoing global warming is expected to alter temperature-dependent processes. Nevertheless, how co-occurring local drivers will influence temperature sensitivity of plant litter decomposition in lotic ecosystems remains uncertain. Here, we examined the temperature sensitivity of microbial-mediated decomposition, microbial respiration, fungal biomass and leaf nutrients of two plant species varying in litter quality. We also assessed whether the type of microbial community and stream water characteristics influence such responses to temperature. We incubated alder (Alnus glutinosa) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) litter discs in three streams differing in autumn–winter water temperature (range 4.6–8.9 °C). Simultaneously, in laboratory microcosms, litter discs microbially conditioned in these streams were incubated at 5, 10 and 15 °C with water from the conditioning stream and with a water control from an additional stream. Both in the field and in the laboratory, higher temperatures enhanced litter decomposition rates, except for eucalypt in the field. Leaf quality modified the response of decomposition to temperature in the field, with eucalypt leaf litter showing a lower increase, whereas it did not in the laboratory. The origin of microbial community only affected the decomposition rates in the laboratory, but it did not modify the response to temperature. Water quality only defined the phosphorus content of the leaf litter or the fungal biomass, but it did not modify the response to temperature. Our results suggest that the acceleration in decomposition by global warming will be shaped by local factors, mainly by leaf litter quality, in headwater streams.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government (CGL2010-22129-C04-01). S. Monroy was supported by a predoctoral grant by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2012–060743) and a postdoctoral grant from the University of the Basque Country (DOKBERRI 2018 I)

Evaluation of the ACR SmartButton thermometer and a low-cost protective case for continuous stream temperature measurement

Water temperature is a common variable of interest in stream ecology studies. In this paper, the performance of the ACR SmartButton thermometer and a low-cost protective case were evaluated for stream temperature measurement. The accuracy of the SmartButtons at 0, 10 and 15ºC was well within the ± 1ºC range specified by the manufacturer. For 50-60 % of the readings performed, the error was greater than the ± 0.2ºC correction factor accepted for meteorological temperature measurements. However, the observed level of accuracy is most likely sufficient for most biological applications if the loggers arecalibrated against a reference standard. Themetallic case that we usedhad a negligible effect on temperature measurements and offers a reliable way to protect the SmartButton during use in small streams.La temperatura del agua es una variable de interés en los estudios de ecología fluvial. En este trabajo,se evalúa el rendimiento de los termómetros ACR SmartButton y de una carcasa protectora de bajo coste para la medida de la temperatura en ríos. La precisión de los SmartButton a 0, 10 y 15ºC se encuentra dentro del rango de ± 1ºC que especifica el fabricante. El error observado en las lecturas sobrepasa el factor máximo de corrección de ± 0.2ºC que se acepta para la medida meteorológica de la temperatura en el 50-60 % de los datos recogidos. Sin embargo, la precisión observada es probablemente suficiente para otras aplicaciones biológicas, si los termómetros se calibran frente a una referencia estándar. Las carcasas protectoras que hemos utilizado tienen un efecto despreciable en las medidas de temperatura y representan un método seguro para instalar los SmartButtons en arroyos

Leaf litter decomposition of native and introduced tree species of contrasting quality in headwater streams: How does the regional setting matter?

Terrestrial plant litter is important in sustaining stream food webs in forested headwaters. Leaf litter quality often decreases when native species are replaced by introduced species, and a lower quality of leaf litter inputs may alter litter decomposition at sites afforested with non-native species. However, since detritivore composition and resource use plasticity may depend on the prevalent litter inputs, the extent of the alteration in decomposition can vary between streams. We tested 2 hypotheses using 2 native and 3 introduced species of tree differing in quality in 4 Iberian regions with contrasting vegetational traits: 1) decomposition rates of all plant species would be higher in regions where streams normally receive litter inputs of lower rather than higher quality; 2) a higher resource-use plasticity of detritivores in regions vegetated with plants of lower litter quality will cause a greater evenness in decomposition rates among plant species compared to regions where streams normally receive higher-quality plant litter inputs. Results showed a highly consistent interspecific ranking of decomposition rates across regions driven by litter quality, and a significant regional effect. Hypothesis 1 was supported: decomposition rates of the five litter types were generally higher in streams from regions vegetated with species producing leaf litter of low quality, possibly due to the profusion of caddisfly shredders in their communities. Hypothesis 2 was not supported: the relative differences in decomposition rates among leaf litter species remained essentially unaltered across regions. Our results suggest that, even in regions where detritivores can be comparatively efficient using resources of low quality, caution is needed particularly when afforestation programs introduce plant species of lower litter quality than the native species

Early-Career Coordinated Distributed Experiments: Empowerment Through Collaboration

Este artículo contiene 7 páginas, 1 tabla, 3 figuras.Coordinated distributed experiments (CDEs) enable the study of large-scale ecological patterns in geographically dispersed areas, while simultaneously providing broad academic and personal benefits for the participants. However, the effective involvement of early-career researchers (ECRs) presents major challenges. Here, we analyze the benefits and challenges of the first CDE exclusively led and conducted by ECRs (i.e. ECR-CDE), which sets a baseline for similar CDEs, and we provide recommendations for successful CDE execution. ECR-CDEs achieve most of the outcomes identified in conventional CDEs as well as extensive benefits for the young cohort of researchers, including: (i) receiving scientific credit, (ii) peer-training in new concepts and methods, (iii) developing leadership and communication skills, (iv) promoting a peer network among ECRs, and (v) building on individual engagement and independence. We also discuss the challenges of ECR-CDEs, which are mainly derived from the lack of independence and instability of the participants, and we suggest mechanisms to address them, such as resource re-allocation and communication strategies. We conclude that ECR-CDEs can be a relevant tool to empower ECRs across disciplines by fostering their training, networking and personal well-being.The authors were supported by the following founding: NC the support of the Beatriu de Pinós postdoctoral program of the Government of Catalonia’s Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge (BP2016- 00215), EE by a predoctoral grant from the Basque Government (2014-2017), AB by a Generalitat de Catalunya—Beatriu de Pinós (BP-00385-2016), AMG-F by a predoctoral research grant (BES-2013-065770) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MAr by a postdoctoral grant from the Basque Government, MIA by a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant (FJCI-2015-26192), PR-L by a Margalida Comas postdoctoral contract (PD/031/2018) funded by the Government of the Balearic Islands and the European Social Fund, AP by a Ramón Areces Foundation Postdoctoral Scholarship, and AL by a Kempe Foundation stipend. DOMIPEX project was founded by the First Call of Collaborative Projects among Young Researchers of the Iberian Association of Limnology (AIL; 2013-2015).Peer reviewe

River ecosystem processes: A synthesis of approaches, criteria of use and sensitivity to environmental stressors

River ecosystems are subject to multiple stressors that affect their structure and functioning. Ecosystem structure refers to characteristics such as channel form, water quality or the composition of biological communities, whereas ecosystem functioning refers to processes such as metabolism, organic matter decomposition or secondary production. Structure and functioning respond in contrasting and complementary ways to environmental stressors. Moreover, assessing the response of ecosystem functioning to stressors is critical to understand the effects on the ecosystem services that produce direct benefits to humans. Yet, there is more information on structural than on functional parameters, and despite the many approaches available to measure river ecosystem processes, structural approaches are more widely used, especially in management. One reason for this discrepancy is the lack of synthetic studies analyzing river ecosystem functioning in a way that is useful for both scientists and managers. Here, we present a synthesis of key river ecosystem processes, which provides a description of the main characteristics of each process, including criteria guiding their measurement as well as their respective sensitivity to stressors. We also discuss the current limitations, potential improvements and future steps that the use of functional measures in rivers needs to face.Science of The Total Environment (2017), 596-597: 465-48

Matxin: moving towards language independence

This paper describes some of the issues found when adapting and extending the Matxin free-software machine translation system to other language pairs. It sketches out some of the characteristics of Matxin and offers some possible solutions to these issues.This research was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (OpenMT, TIN2006-15307-C03-01)