Análisis estadístico de datos textuales: Aplicación al estudio de las declaraciones del Libertador Simón Bolívar

In this investigation a methodological strategy based on the analysis of textual data of chronological corpus is presented. Diverse instruments related to this analysis are used, such as methods of descriptive multidimensional statistics and methods derived from lexical statistics. The statistical analysis of textual data allows, among other things, a reading of the data substantially different and complementary to the readings carried out from most qualitative approaches. We consider that this application is original since it has been rarely applied to deal with declarations and to infer mental conceptions of individuals as well as to analyze changes progressively.En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia metodológica basada en el Análisis Estadístico de Datos Textuales de corpus cronológicos. Se emplean distintas herramientas tales como: los métodos estadísticos multidimensionales descriptivos y métodos derivados de la estadística léxica. La utilización del Análisis Estadístico de Datos Textuales permite, entre otras posibilidades, una lectura de los textos sustancialmente distinta y complementaria a las lecturas realizadas desde un enfoque más cualitativo. Consideramos que esta aplicación es novedosa ya que la misma ha sido escasamente empleada para tratar declaraciones e inferir las concepciones mentales de los sujetos y analizar cambios evolutivos.Neste trabalho se apresenta uma estratégia metodológica baseada na Análise Estatística de Dados Textuais de corpus cronológicos. Utiliza-se distintas ferramentas, tais como: os métodos estatísticos multidimensionais descritivos e métodos derivados da estatística léxica. A utilização da Análise Estatística de Dados Textuais permite, entre outras possibilidades, uma leitura dos textos substancialmente distinta e complementaria às leituras realizadas a partir de um enfoque mais qualitativo. Consideramos que esta aplicação é uma novidade já que a mesma foi escasamente utilizada para tratar declarações e inferir as concepções mentais dos sujeitos e analisar mudanças evolutivas

¿Es posible conseguir la lealtad de los clientes de establecimientos de comida rápida? Una aproximación con PLS

En la literatura sobre fast-food restaurants (FFRs), las investigaciones realizadas no han encontrado suficientes evidencias relacionadas con la lealtad en servicios de comida rápida debido principalmente a su carácter económico, rápido y de conveniencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es verificar la existencia de lealtad en consumidores de fast-food y su dependencia de la calidad percibida, diferenciando entre la calidad de la comida, la calidad del servicio ofrecido y/o la atmósfera presente en el local. Para ello, se propone un modelo compuesto estimado en modo B para analizar los elementos que constituyen la calidad del establecimiento, ya que esta variable ha sido utilizada previamente en la literatura como un constructo multidimensional compuesto de tres dimensiones correlacionadas. Además, se estudia el papel directo y mediador de constructos como la satisfacción y la confianza para la formación de lealtad en FFRs. Los resultados de este estudio aportarán recomendaciones para los responsables de restaurantes fast-food en el objetivo de mejorar la lealtad de los usuarios.Throughout the literature on fast-food restaurants (FFRs), existing studies have not found sufficient evidence of the role of loyalty in fast-food services, mainly due to their economical, quick, and convenient nature. The objective of this research is to verify the existence of loyalty in fast-food consumers and its dependence on perceived quality, differentiating between the quality of the food, the quality of the service provided, and/or the atmosphere present in the store. To that end, we propose a composite model estimated by mode B to analyze the elements that constitute establishment quality; this variable has been previously used in the literature as a multidimensional construct consisting of three dimensions that are correlated. Furthermore, we study the direct and mediating role of constructs such as satisfaction and trust in creating loyalty in FFRs. The results of this study will provide recommendations for those responsible for fast food restaurants in order to improve the loyalty of the consumers

Recent Contributions of Elastin-Like Recombinamers to Biomedicine and Nanotechnology

Abstract: The emergence of the new scientific field known as nanomedicine is being catalyzed by multiple improvements in nanoscience techniques and significant progress in materials science, especially as regards the testing of novel and sophisticated biomaterials. This conjuncture has furthered the development of promising instruments in terms of detection, bioanalysis, therapy, diagnostics and imaging. Some of the most innovative new biomaterials are protein-inspired biomimetic materials in which modern biotechnology and genetic-engineering techniques complement the huge amount of information afforded by natural protein evolution to create advanced and tailor-made multifunctional molecules. Amongst these protein-based biomaterials, Elastin-like Recombinamers (ELRs) have demonstrated their enormous potential in the fields of biomedicine and nanoscience in the last few years. This broad applicability derives from their unmatched properties, particularly their recombinant and tailor-made nature, the intrinsic characteristics derived from their elastin-based origin (mainly their mechanical properties and ability to self-assemble as a result of their stimuli-responsive behavior), their proven biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as their versatility as regards incorporating advanced chemical or recombinant modifications into the original structure that open up an almost unlimited number of multifunctional possibilities in this developing field. This article provides an updated review of the recent challenges overcome by using these recombinant biomaterials in the fields of nano- and biomedicine, ranging from nanoscale applications in surface modifications and self-assembled nanostructures to drug delivery and regenerative medicine.Este trabajo forma parte de Proyectos de Investigación financiados por la Comisión Europea a través del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ERDF), por el del MINECO (MAT2010-15982, MAT2010-15310, PRI-PIBAR-2011-1403 and MAT2012-38043), la Junta de Castilla y León (VA049A11, VA152A12 y VA155A12) y el Instituto de Salud Carlos III bajo el Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León

Complications associated with the use of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery: A systemic review and meta‐analysis

Producción CientíficaSilicone oil (SO) still represents the main choice for long-term intraocular tamponade in complicated vitreoretinal surgery. This review compared the complications associated with the use of SO and other vitreous substitutes after pars plana vitrectomy in patients with different underlying diseases. Meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We retrieved randomized clinical trials (RCTs), retrospective case–control and cohort studies evaluating the risk of using SO, published between 1994 and 2020, conducting a computer-based search of the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase. Primary outcome was the rate of complications such as intraocular hypertension, retinal re-detachment, unexpected vision loss or hypotony. Secondary outcome was to compare the rate of adverse events of different SO viscosities, especially emulsification. Forty-three articles were included. There were significant differences in intraocular hypertension (p = 0.0002, OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.27–2.18) and the rate of retinal re-detachment (p < 0.0009, OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.50–0.64) between SO and other agents, including placebo. However, there were no differences in other complication rates. Silicone oil (SO)-emulsification rate was non-significantly higher in low than high SO viscosity, and results from other complications were comparable in both groups. The high quality of most of the studies included in this study is noteworthy, which provides some certainty to the conclusions. Among them is the high variability of the SO residence time. The fact that ocular hypertension and not hypotension is related to SO use. A clear relationship is not found for the so-called unexplained vision loss, which affects a significant percentage of eyes. Re-detachment cases are less if SO is used and that surprisingly there does not seem to be a relationship in the percentage of emulsification between the low- and high-viscosity silicones. All these data warrant more standardized prospective studies

How material, visual and verbal cues on packaging influence consumer expectations and willingness to buy: The case of crisps (potato chips) in Spain

[EN] This paper analyses the influence that certain aspects of packaging design have on the consumer expectations of a series of sensory and non-sensory attributes and on willingness to buy for a bag of crisps in Spain. A two-part experiment was conducted in which 174 people evaluated the attributes for different stimuli using an online survey. In the first part, four stimuli were created in which two factors were varied: the packaging material and the image displayed. Interaction was identified between both factors for the attributes Crunchy, High quality and Artisan. For the attributes Salty, Crunchy and Willingness to buy, the image was the only significant factor, with the image displaying crisps ready for consumption being the only one that obtained higher scores. For the attribute Intense flavour, no statistically significant differences were identified among the stimuli. In general terms, the image displayed on the bag had a greater influence than the material from which the bag was made. In the second part, an analysis was made of the most effective way (visual cues versus verbal cues) to transmit the information that the crisps were fried in olive oil. To this end, two stimuli were designed: one displaying an image of an oil cruet and another with an allusive text. For all the attributes (Intense flavour, Crunchy, Artisan, High quality, Healthy and Willingness to buy), higher scores were obtained with the image than with the text. These results have important implications for crisps producers, marketers and packaging designers

Hypertrophy of the Trochlearis Calcanei: Etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment

El diagnóstico de una hipertrofia de la tróclea o tuberosidad peroneal del calcáneo se asocia a una tenosinovitis estenosante del tendón del músculo Peroneo Largo o Corto. Hay autores que plantearon que la hipertrofia de la tróclea del calcáneo no provocaba dolor por si misma sino que se produce una exacerbación del dolor cuando el paciente utiliza un zapato que comprime el pie afecto, lo cual produce una irritación en la piel por la compresión a la que ésta estaba sometida, acompañada muchas veces por una afectación sensitiva superficial por atrapamiento del nervio Dorso Cutáneo Lateral.The diagnosis of troclear hypertrophy or fibular tuberosity of calcaneus is associated to stenotic tenosinovitis of long or short the peroneal tendon. There are authors states that troclear hypertrophy of calcaneus did not cause pain by itself but the pain increase when the patient uses a tight shoe that compresses the area affected, this compression produces skin irritation under the area affected accompanied often a sensorial affectation at level of the superficial nerve due to entrapment of dorso cutaneous lateral nerve

Influencia de la reserva cognitiva en la calidad de vida en sujetos con enfermedad de Alzheimer

La calidad de vida (CV) se define como la percepción personal que un individuo tiene de su situación vital. Dentro de los factores que pueden influir en la CV, se encuentra la Reserva Cognitiva (RC), que podría entenderse como la capacidad del cerebro para hacer frente al daño cerebral generado por la patología, mediante procesos cognitivos preexistentes o compensatorios. El objetivo principal de este estudio, consiste en analizar, como influye la RC en la auto-percepción subjetiva de la CV en sujetos diagnosticados de Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y comprobar si existen perfiles diferenciales en función de la sintomatología depresiva y el estado cognitivo de los mismos. La muestra utilizada estaba formada por 112 sujetos que se distribuyeron en dos grupos: uno de 74 sujetos diagnosticados de EA, y otro de 38 sujetos sanos. Se ha utilizado el cuestionario SF-36 para evaluar la CV. En relación a la variable RC, destacar que los sujetos con mayor RC, puntuaron más alto en cada una de las dimensiones del SF-36. La RC podría ser una fuente de influencia en la percepción de la CV de las personas con EA, en la medida en que sus diversos componentes conducirían a la consecución de una capacidad funcional más óptima y una aceptación del estado cognitivo

Creación de un banco de preguntas y cuestionarios online con feedback automático para la autoevaluación de los estudiantes en las prácticas con SPSS de las asignaturas de Estadística de los grados de la Facultad de CC. Químicas de la Universidad de Salamanca

Memoria ID-064. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Hair cortisol level as a molecular biomarker in retinitis pigmentosa patients

Producción CientíficaPurpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients commonly experience negative psychological states due to their progressive and unpredictable loss of vision and visual variations related to stress. The aim of this study was to examine hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs), which is usually associated with chronic stress, pretending to unveil possible associations between underlying psychological factors and disease severity in RP patients. Methods: Seventy-eight RP patients and 148 healthy controls were included in this study. A complete ophthalmological exam was performed in all patients to grade into severity disease groups. Perceived stress and trait-anxiety were measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. Results: Fifty-two (67%) patients had severe RP and 26 (33%) mild-moderate RP. Fifty-eight (58,9%) patients reported severely levels of stress and 18 (23.,1%) highly levels assessed by STAI questionnaire. RP patients exhibited higher HCCs (500.04 ± 120.99 pg/mg) than in controls (136.17 ± 60.51 pg/mg; p < 0.001). Severe RP patients had significant higher HCCs than mild-moderate patients differing in 274.27 pg/mg (p < 0.001). RP severity grade and perceived anxiety levels in the questionaries were not associated. Group differences were not affected by relevant covariates (age, grade of severity, stress status, and gender). Conclusions: HCC seems an effective biomarker associated with chronic stress in RP patients. This study shows that HCC in patients with RP are elevated compared to population-based controls, and association between HCC and RP severity was found. Future research is needed to characterize the effect of untreated negative psychological states on progression of the disease if any.Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (GRS, 1932/A/19)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grant PID2020-114585RA-I00

Hacia un análisis de la gestión de ecoeficiencia minera : un estudio de seis empresas mineras en el Perú

La presente investigación se focalizó en la descripción del estado de la gestión ecoeficiente de seis empresas mineras en el Perú pertenecientes a la gran y mediana minería mediante el análisis de la gestión de los insumos, procesos y exsumos. La muestra utilizada consistió en empresas polimetálicas, cupríferas y auríferas. El instrumento de investigación tomó como base la Guía de Ecoeficiencia para Empresas del Ministerio del Ambiente y la Guía para la Implementación de Producción Más Limpia del Instituto Nacional de Defensa para la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual que fue adaptado al sector minero de acuerdo a los Reportes de Sostenibilidad publicados por las empresas mineras durante el periodo 2013 y 2014. Con respecto a la gestión ecoeficiente de los insumos, se analizaron los indicadores de ecoeficiencia de agua, energía, combustible y materiales. Se encontró que el indicador de agua captada fue en promedio 54 m3 por unidad de producción para ambos años, sin embargo, el factor de agua reutilizada presento una mejora debido a la reutilización de hasta cuatro veces del agua captada. En cuanto al indicador de energía y combustible, presentaron un incremento de 2% y 14%, obteniendo un consumo promedio en el 2014 de 2, 274 KwH y 55 Gls por unidad de producción respectivamente. Se observó que las mejores prácticas de ecoeficiencia se dieron en el insumo agua habiéndose logrado en la mayoría de las empresas una tasa de reutilización entre 60% a 100%. Finalmente, en materia de la gestión de exsumos se encontró una importante reducción en los vertimientos líquidos debido a que la mitad de las empresas tuvieron vertimiento cero. Sin embargo, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero se incrementaron. En resumen, para los años 2013 y 2014 las empresas de la muestra realizaron en mayor medida prácticas ecoeficientes relacionadas al agua, observando en menor medida prácticas ecoeficientes a la energía, combustible y emisionesThis research focused on the description of the state of the eco-efficient management of six mining companies in Peru belonging to the large and medium scale mining by analyzing the management of inputs, processes and exsumos. The sample consisted of polymetallic, copper and gold companies. The research instrument was based on the Ecoeficiency Guide for businesses by the Ministry of Environment and the Implementation Guide for a Cleaner Production by the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property, which was adapted to the mining sector according to Sustainability Reports published by mining companies during the period 2013 and 2014. Regarding to the eco-efficient management of inputs, eco-efficiency indicators of water, energy, fuel and main materials were analyzed. It was found that the water collected indicator was on average 54 m3 per unit of production for both years; however, reused water factor showed an improvement due to the reuse of up to four times the collected water. As for the energy and fuel indicator, showed an increase of 2% and 14%, obtaining an average consumption in 2014 2, and 55 Gls 274 KwH per unit of production respectively. It was observed that the best practices of eco-efficiency occurred in the input water reuse rate, which reached 100% in most companies. Finally, regarding to management output a significant reduction was found in the liquid discharges because half of the companies had zero discharge. However, emissions of greenhouse gases increased. In summary for the years 2013 and 2014 the companies in the sample performed eco-efficient practices related to water in greater extent, and observing eco-efficient practices to energy, fuel and emissions in lesser extentTesi