Mouse p53-deficient cancer models as platforms for obtaining genomic predictors of human cancer clinical outcomes

Mutations in the TP53 gene are very common in human cancers, and are associated with poor clinical outcome. Transgenic mouse models lacking the Trp53 gene or that express mutant Trp53 transgenes produce tumours with malignant features in many organs. We previously showed the transcriptome of a p53-deficient mouse skin carcinoma model to be similar to those of human cancers with TP53 mutations and associated with poor clinical outcomes. This report shows that much of the 682-gene signature of this murine skin carcinoma transcriptome is also present in breast and lung cancer mouse models in which p53 is inhibited. Further, we report validated gene-expression-based tests for predicting the clinical outcome of human breast and lung adenocarcinoma. It was found that human patients with cancer could be stratified based on the similarity of their transcriptome with the mouse skin carcinoma 682-gene signature. The results also provide new targets for the treatment of p53-defective tumours

Fenton-like oxidation of Orange II solutions using heterogeneous catalysts based on saponite clay

Fe-clay catalysts have been prepared and tested for Orange II oxidation with H2O2 in aqueous solution. Thereaction is carried out in a batch reactor, using different hydrogen peroxide concentrations, and in a wide range oftemperature and pH values. Twelve samples were prepared, with three different iron loads (7.5, 13.0 and 17.0 %,w/w), and using four iron salts as precursors, namely Fe(II) acetate, Fe(II) oxalate, Fe(II) acetylacetonate and Fe(III)acetylacetonate. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy andadsorption of nitrogen at 77K. The catalytic results show that these solids present good catalytic properties for thedegradation and mineralization of Orange II solutions, allowing to reach, in the best conditions and after 4h ofoxidation, 99% of dye degradation with 91% of TOC (Total Organic Carbon) reduction (at 70ºC), using only ca. 90 mgof clay catalyst per litre of solution. Nevertheless, 96% of dye removal with 82% of mineralization were also reachedat 30ºC. Besides, the amount of iron released into the final solution is lower than 1 ppm, in the worst of the cases,and 0.09 ppm in the best case

Active study: undetected prevalence and clinical inertia in the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP)

Aims To prove if there is clinical inertia in the identification and treatment of episodes of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP), comparing actual results from clinical practice with clinical oncologists’ prior perception. Design Observational and descriptive study, using information collected by practising medical oncologists, at three moments: (a) questionnaire regarding their professional judgement of the handling of patients with BTcP in their practice, (b) cross-sectional clinical screening, to detect possible existing cases of BTcP in a representative sample of their patients, (c) retrospective self-audit of clinical case histories of patients diagnosed with BTcP to find out about how it has been handled. Participants and study period A random sample on a state level of 108 specialists in medical oncology. 540 patients who suffer some type of cancer pain on the designated study date for each specialist (July–December 2016). Results The global prevalence of BTcP in the study sample covered 91.3% of the patients who were suffering some type of cancer pain. Barely 2% of the doctors surveyed suspected figures around this mark. 40.9% of the cases had not been previously detected as BTcP by their doctors. Although 90% of the patients who had previously been diagnosed with BTcP received a specific analgesic treatment for the symptoms, 42% of those patients with known BTcP were not able to control their episodes of pain. Conclusions Clinical inertia is a serious problem in the handling of BTcP in medical oncology services, where it is the subject of a significantly low level of detection and treatment, despite the contrasting perception of specialists.pre-print339 K

Industrial, Collaborative and Mobile Robotics in Latin America: Review of Mechatronic Technologies for Advanced Automation

Mechatronics and Robotics (MaR) have recently gained importance in product development and manufacturing settings and applications. Therefore, the Center for Space Emerging Technologies (C-SET) has managed an international multi-disciplinary study to present, historically, the first Latin American general review of industrial, collaborative, and mobile robotics, with the support of North American and European researchers and institutions. The methodology is developed by considering literature extracted from Scopus, Web of Science, and Aerospace Research Central and adding reports written by companies and government organizations. This describes the state-of-the-art of MaR until the year 2023 in the 3 Sub-Regions: North America, Central America, and South America, having achieved important results related to the academy, industry, government, and entrepreneurship; thus, the statistics shown in this manuscript are unique. Also, this article explores the potential for further work and advantages described by robotic companies such as ABB, KUKA, and Mecademic and the use of the Robot Operating System (ROS) in order to promote research, development, and innovation. In addition, the integration with industry 4.0 and digital manufacturing, architecture and construction, aerospace, smart agriculture, artificial intelligence, and computational social science (human-robot interaction) is analyzed to show the promising features of these growing tech areas, considering the improvements to increase production, manufacturing, and education in the Region. Finally, regarding the information presented, Latin America is considered an important location for investments to increase production and product development, taking into account the further proposal for the creation of the LATAM Consortium for Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics, which could support and work on roboethics and education/R+D+I law and regulations in the Region. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-04-025 Full Text: PD

Síntesis green y caracterización biológica de AgNPs empleando extracto de alcaparras

La búsqueda de procesos sintéticos «verde» que se valgan de la biotecnología como una opción viable para la síntesis de nanopartículas metálicas y el interés por extractos vegetales acuosos como «fábrica de materiales nanoestructurados» han recibido enorme atención durante la última década. Ello es en respuesta a las innumerables y particulares propiedades fisicoquímicas de estos nanomateriales y sus consecuentes aplicaciones en diferentes sectores económicos, como la catálisis, la electrónica, la tecnología analítica, la ingeniería de alimentos, médica y farmacéutica. En el presente trabajo se describe la novedosa biosíntesis de nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) a partir de la reducción de iones Ag+ con el extracto acuoso de hojas frescas de alcaparra (Capparis spinosa L). El proceso de síntesis se llevó a cabo adicionando 2 mL del extracto a 25 mL de solución de AgNO3 10 mM y llegando luego a microondas por 2 minutos. La formación de las AgNPs fue visualizada por el cambio de color de la solución de AgNO3 de incolora a marrón amarillento luego del agregado del extracto acuoso y confirmada vía espectrocopia UV-vis por la presencia de un pico de absorción de SPR a ~425 nm. Las características morfológicas de las AgNPs biosintetizadas fueron analizadas por microscopía electrónica de transmisión y su estabilidad electrostática por análisis de potencial Zeta. Si bien las AgNPs biosintetizadas no fijaron actividad antioxidante, ellas mostraron actividad biológica como potencial agente antibacteriano no convencional debido a su destacada actividad bactericida de amplio espectro, siendo la dosis a emplear del orden del picomolar. Además, este trabajo permitió dar valor agregado a residuos agroindustriales como fuente de compuestos bioactivos con propiedades reductoras y estabilizantes, los cuales propiciaron la síntesis sencilla y verde de nanomateriales de naturaleza metálica.Ibero-American Science and Technology Education Consortiu

Síntesis green y caracterización biológica de AgNPs empleando extracto de alcaparras

La búsqueda de procesos sintéticos «verde» que se valgan de la biotecnología como una opción viable para la síntesis de nanopartículas metálicas y el interés por extractos vegetales acuosos como «fábrica de materiales nanoestructurados» han recibido enorme atención durante la última década. Ello es en respuesta a las innumerables y particulares propiedades fisicoquímicas de estos nanomateriales y sus consecuentes aplicaciones en diferentes sectores económicos, como la catálisis, la electrónica, la tecnología analítica, la ingeniería de alimentos, médica y farmacéutica. En el presente trabajo se describe la novedosa biosíntesis de nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) a partir de la reducción de iones Ag+ con el extracto acuoso de hojas frescas de alcaparra (Capparis spinosa L). El proceso de síntesis se llevó a cabo adicionando 2 mL del extracto a 25 mL de solución de AgNO3 10 mM y llegando luego a microondas por 2 minutos. La formación de las AgNPs fue visualizada por el cambio de color de la solución de AgNO3 de incolora a marrón amarillento luego del agregado del extracto acuoso y confirmada vía espectrocopia UV-vis por la presencia de un pico de absorción de SPR a ~425 nm. Las características morfológicas de las AgNPs biosintetizadas fueron analizadas por microscopía electrónica de transmisión y su estabilidad electrostática por análisis de potencial Zeta. Si bien las AgNPs biosintetizadas no fijaron actividad antioxidante, ellas mostraron actividad biológica como potencial agente antibacteriano no convencional debido a su destacada actividad bactericida de amplio espectro, siendo la dosis a emplear del orden del picomolar. Además, este trabajo permitió dar valor agregado a residuos agroindustriales como fuente de compuestos bioactivos con propiedades reductoras y estabilizantes, los cuales propiciaron la síntesis sencilla y verde de nanomateriales de naturaleza metálica.Ibero-American Science and Technology Education Consortiu