2,921 research outputs found

    Diagenetic processes in a partially dolomitized carbonate reservoir: Casablanca oil field, Mediterranean Sea, offshore Spain

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    Mesozoic and Neogene carbonates located in the Valencia Trough (offshore Spain, western Mediterranean Sea) are oil reservoirs. This paper investigates the diagenetic evolution of the Upper Jurassic limestones, currently dolomitized, that constitute the main reservoir of the Casablanca oil field. Core samples from Casablanca-1A well have been studied to determine the diagenetic products and their relation with porosity evolution, and to reconstruct the fluid flow history prior to and during oil emplacement. On the basis of petrological observations and geochemical analyses (major, minor and trace element composition and oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope composition), a major dolomitization event is recognized postdating subaerial exposure, erosion and karstification. The dolomitization event originated two replacive dolomites (RD1 and RD2) and two dolomite cements (saddle dolomite cement, SDC, and milky-white dolomite cement, MDC) which are partially cogenetic. RD1, RD2 and SDC precipitated at increasing temperatures (over 60ºC and below 110ºC), probably from meteoric water mixed with marine water. The last dolomite type (milky-white dolomite cement) precipitated with increasing burial conditions and by arrival of hydrothermal fluids during the Miocene. The post-dolomitization sequence comprises precipitation of calcite cement and partial calcitization of all previous dolomites. The oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope compositions suggest that this calcite cementation occurred from meteoric waters mixed with Burdigalian - Langhian marine waters trapped in the sediments and expelled by compaction in the moderate to deep burial realm. Normal faults were the conduits for upward migration of these fluids as well as for later oil expulsion from the Burdigalian - Langhian source rocks. Late corrosion associated with organic acid-enriched fluids took place prior or simultaneously to oil migration during the Pliocene, enhancing porosity and increasing reservoir quality

    Mercury and selenium binding biomolecules in terrestrial mammals (Cervus elaphus and Sus scrofa) from a mercury exposed area

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    Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (PCC-05-004-2, PAI06-0094, PCI-08-0096, PEII09-0032-5329) and the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CTQ2013-48411-P) for financial support. M.J. Patiño Ropero acknowledges the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha for her PhD. fellowship.Peer reviewedPostprin

    Creative and collective writing in the context of the new cultural practices

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    Se plantea en este artículo el cambio profundo que, en la nueva cultura del siglo XXI, ha sufrido el concepto de creación colectiva, por influencia de Internet. Las redes sociales, la cultura participativa, la convergencia de los medios y otros factores han favorecido nuevos modos de expresión, al margen de la escritura académica o profesional, como ha sido el caso de la ficción-manía. Sobre el concepto de creación colectiva se está escribiendo mucho, a propósito de la épica y de otros temas literarios y debe ser “iluminado” a la luz de lo que Internet o los nuevos fenómenos, como el auge de las sagas fantásticas o la ficción-manía, están suponiendo. Así, lo que actualmente se denomina escritura colaborativa es en realidad un concepto que ha ido evolucionando de forma acompasada con las poéticas y las prácticas sociales de la lectura en los últimos tiempos. Revisamos los rasgos de estas nuevas prácticas y se analizan las implicaciones para la educación del siglo XXI.The deep change that, in the new culture of the 21st century, has suffered the concept of collective creation, under the influence of the Internet is proposed in this article. Social networking, participatory culture, the convergence of media and other factors have favored new ways of expression, apart from academic or professional writing, as it has been the case of the fan fiction. There is a lot of studies nowadays on the concept of collective creation, with regard to epic and other literary topics and should be “enlightened” in the light of what Internet or new phenomena, such as the rise of fantasy sagas or the fan fiction, are involving. So, what is currently referred to as collaborative writing is actually a concept that has evolved in a measured way with the poetic and social practices of reading in last times. We review the features of these new practices and examine the implications for the education of the 21st century.peerReviewe

    Au-Cu/SBA(Ti) based catalysts for photocatalytic applications

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    Comunicación a congresoIn this work, it has been synthesized several Au and Au-Cu alloy photocatalysts supported on two different mesoporous supports: a non-commercial SBA-15 and a post-synthesis TiO2 modified SBA-15 (TiSBA-15), with which a high dispersion of TiO2 species have been achieved maintaining the SBA-15 structure. In addition, it has also been obtained highly dispersed Au nanoparticles confined in SBA-15 pore channels, as can be observed in Figure 1. The photocatalysts have been preliminary tested in the preferential CO oxidation in a H2-rich stream (CO-PROX) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure under simulated solar light irradiation. In spite of the very low gold and copper loading (1.5 wt% and 0.5wt% respectively), the catalysts resulted active and selective in the low temperature photo-CO-PROX.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

    Digital models of stone samples for didactical purposes

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    This paper presents a v irtual methodology based on the generation of virtual models of stones in the context of the virtual laboratories for the acquisition and evaluation of competences in stones identification. The generation of the models is carried out using a procedure based on close-range photogrammetry that allows to obtain a scaled mesh models with radiometric information and low file weight. The proposed methodology has been designed ad-hoc following the economy, quality and reality criteria to ensure a good adequacy, guaranteeing an adequate adaptation to the teaching-learning process and the integration of the models into working packages, which can be easily integrated in earning management system (LMS) platforms. The generated 3D models have a high level of detail and enable the interaction to take measurements, make cross sections and use specific tools that allow the student to perform a thorough analysis and identification of the stone using free/open source software.- (undefined

    Computed tomography angiography, perforator flaps, surgeon and OsiriX

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    Desde la introducción de la transferencia cutánea basada en perforantes, la angiotomografía computerizada ha emergido como una técnica de gran valor en la planificación preoperatoria de los colgajos de perforante. Sin embargo, parece probable que el aprovechamiento de la técnica sea menor del deseable. Evaluamos, a través de la experiencia en 144 pacientes, la utilidad del visor gratuito de imágenes DICOM OsiriX para Mac en la planificación preoperatoria de los colgajos de perforante con tres objetivos: 1) ampliar los conocimientos actuales relacionados con la aplicación de la angiotomografía computerizada en la planificación preoperatoria de los colgajos de perforante, 2) evaluar la aplicación OsiriX en el post-procesamiento de imágenes en la planificación preoperatoria de colgajos de perforante y 3) evaluar el rendimiento obtenible de la angiotomografía considerando que el postprocesamiento es realizado por un cirujano (no especialista en Radiodiagnóstico). La experiencia permite afirmar que el postprocesamiento de las imágenes DICOM por el cirujano con la aplicación Osirix permite habitualmente evaluar de manera adecuada diversas estructuras y parámetros de gran interés en la cirugía de colgajos de perforante: 1) arteria principal, origen de la perforante, 2) diámetro de arteria y vena/s en el hipotético sitio de anastomosis microquirúrgica, 3) recorrido y patrón de ramificación del pedículo del colgajo, 4) disposición de la perforante en la grasa subcutánea (teórico eje de diseño del colgajo), 5) medición del grosor cutáneo en el punto de perforación de la fascia profunda por la rama perforante (teórico grosor de colgajo), 6) medición de la distancia entre el punto de perforación de la fascia profunda por la rama perforante y el origen de la arteria principal (teórica longitud máxima posible de pedículo) y 7) medición del diámetro, en el punto de perforación de la fascia profunda, de la perforante. En consecuencia, parece aconsejable que el cirujano plástico relacionado con los colgajos de perforante se involucre decididamente en el postprocesamiento de las imágenes de angiotomografía computerizada. El visor de imágenes DICOM gratuito OsiriX es una alternativa eficiente, comparable a aplicaciones más profesionales sólo disponibles en servicios de Radiología.With the advent of perforator-based skin transfer, computed tomography angiography has emerged as an invaluable tool in the preoperative planning of perforator flaps. But most likely, the exploitation of the technique is less than desirable. Through our experience with 144 patients, we evaluate the use of the free DICOM viewer OsiriX for Mac in the preoperative planning of perforator flaps with three objectives: 1) increase the present knowledge related with the preoperative planning of perforator flaps with computed tomography angiography, 2) evaluate the OsiriX application in the image post-processing of perforator flaps and 3) evaluate the performance of the procedure when performed by a surgeon (not specialized in Radiology). The experience has shown that the image post-processing performed by the surgeon with the OsiriX application usually allows an adequate evaluation of different structures and parameters of great preoperative interest in perforator flap surgery: 1) source artery, 2) diameter of artery and vein/s at the hypothetical site of microsurgical anastomoses, 3) course and branching pattern of the flap pedicle, 4) perforator course in the subcutaneous fat (theoretical flap axis), 5) measurement of the skin and fat where the perforator pierces the deep fascia (theoretical flap thickness ), 6) measurement of the distance between the point of entrance of the perforator in the subcutaneous fat to the source artery (theoretical maximal pedicle length) and 7) measurement of the perforator diameter where it pierces the deep fascia. Ultimately, in the authors’ opinion, those plastic surgeons involved in perforator flap surgery would largely benefit from incorporating the image post-processing into their routine practice. The free DICOM viewer OsiriX is an efficient alternative, comparable to the more professional software only available in Radiology service

    Técnicas SIG aplicadas al estudio del relieve de los Montes de León (NO de la Península Ibérica)

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    En este trabajo se presenta un método basado en el análisis de modelos digitales de elevación (MDE) a través de SIG, encaminado a realizar una cartografía preliminar de antiguas superficies de aplanamiento en los relieves que bordean la cuenca del Bierzo (oeste de la provincia de León, noroeste de la Península Ibérica). El área de estudio es un complejo sistema escalonado de niveles de aplanamiento elaborados sobre el basamento del Macizo Ibérico, constituyente de los relieves montañosos de la zona, deformado por la Orogenia Alpina durante el Cenozoico, en donde las superficies se encuentran elevadas, basculadas, fragmentadas y muy degradadas. Partiendo del MDE con paso de malla de 25 m del PNOA se realizó una caracterización general de la zona de estudio mediante la obtención de mapas derivados: pendientes, orientaciones de pendiente y sombreado, así como de la red de drenaje. Empleando la extensión EZ Profile para ArcGIS 9.3 se generaron 213 perfiles topográficos, sobre los principales cordales e interfluvios, con los que se localizaron y correlacionaron los elementos culminantes (indicios y restos de superficies de aplanamiento) presentes en toda la zona de estudio, lo que permitió reconstruir el relieve previo al desmantelamiento por parte de la red de drenaje. Una vez delimitadas las superficies de aplanamiento se procedió a su caracterización, agrupación y jerarquización, mediante el estudio de superficies de tendencia, el análisis de la red de drenaje y la relación con la actividad tectónica. Se realizó una reconstrucción teórica de cada uno de los aplanamientos a través de la interpolación de los puntos pertenecientes al antiguo relieve, generando así una superficie de tendencia de primer orden, de donde se obtuvo la orientación y pendiente de cada una de ellas. A su vez, se buscaron anomalías en los cauces de los ríos que atraviesan los aplanamientos, que pudieran indicar actividad tectónica reciente. Asimismo, se llevó a cabo un estudio de las cuencas de drenaje, sobre las que se realizaron cálculos de hipsometría y de asimetría (Factor de Asimetría). Por último, se calculó la incisión del drenaje sobre las superficies de aplanamiento cartografiadas. Como resultado se obtuvieron veinte superficies clasificadas en ocho niveles, desde los 1000m a los 2100m, en donde se observa cómo los distintos elementos de un mismo nivel se encuentran en extremos opuestos de la zona de estudio, ubicados en forma de orla perdiendo altura hacia la cuenca del Bierzo.Trabajo financiado por el proyecto de la Junta de Castilla y León LE311A12-2 y por el proyecto Consolider Ingenio 2006 CSD-2006, TopoIberia Geociencias en Iberia

    Geochemical Anomalies in Soils and Surface Waters in an Area Adjacent to a Long-Used Controlled Municipal Landfill

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    Municipal landfills, even when controlled, are potential sources of soil and water pollution in surrounding areas, due to the migration of pollutants through water and air. This research assesses geochemical anomalies of heavy elements and rare earth elements in soils and surface waters in an adjacent area to a controlled municipal landfill near Madrid (Central Spain), under long-term operation. Twenty soil and eighteen water samples were collected in 2017 and 2018 and analyzed for this purpose. Spatial distribution and concentrations of heavy elements (Ag, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn) and rare Earth elements (La, Ce, and Gd) are heterogeneous and significantly higher than soil background levels, but below the legal limits to consider intervention. Accumulation of heavy and rare Earth elements in soil nearest the landfill is attributed to occur via wind and wind-driven rain transport, while their accumulation in sediments is attributed to water transport through the creeks. Surface waters show large contamination by organic and inorganic compounds and influence geochemical anomalies in sediments. The water quality is below allowable concentrations for drinking water. The combined evaluation of the soil and water samples performed in the present work is proposed as a pilot study that may be applicable to similar surrounding landfill areas worldwideThe work has been partially financed by the Faculty of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Madrid
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