Optimal Power Dispatch in a Microgrid

This paper is concerned with the power dispatch in a microgrid. The dispatch problem is formulated as linear program. Thus, the proposed solution is the application of neural network that solves linear programming on-line. This proposal in motivated by the increasing electric energy demand and the rising need to incorporate sustainable energy sources to the power grid in a reliable scheme. A microgrid is an interconnection of distributed energy sources (DES), with the tendency to include renewable energies that offer many advantages to customers and utilities. The different DES that compose the microgrid are controlled independently to track the optimal reference provided by the proposed method in order to supply a demanded power output minimizing the consumed power from the main grid.ITESO, A.C.CINVESTAV-IP

A simple recurrent neural network for solution of linear programming: Application to a Microgrid

The aim of this paper is to present a simple new class of recurrent neural networks, which solves linear programming. It is considered as a sliding mode control problem, where the network structure is based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions, and the KKT multipliers are the control inputs to be implemented with finite time stabilizing terms based on the unit control, instead of common used activation functions. Thus, the main feature of the proposed network is the fixed number of parameters despite of the optimization problem dimension, which means, the network can be easily scaled from a small to a higher dimension problem. The applicability of the proposed scheme is tested on real-time optimization of an electrical Microgrid prototype.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

A Fixed Time Convergent Dynamical System to Solve Linear Programming

The aim of this paper is to present a new dynamical system which solves linear programming. Its design is considered as a sliding mode control problem, where its structure is based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions, and its multipliers are the control inputs to be implemented by using fixed time stabilizing terms with vectorial structure, based on the unit control, instead of common terms used in other approaches. Thus, the main features of the proposed system are the fixed convergence time to the programming solution and the fixed parameters number despite of the optimization problem dimension. That is, there is a time independent to the initial conditions in which the system converges to the solution and, the proposed structure can be easily scaled from a small to a higher dimension problem. The applicability of the proposed scheme is tested on real-time optimization of an electrical Microgrid prototype.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

A recurrent neural network for real time electrical microgrid prototype optimization

The aim of this paper is to present a new class of recurrent neural networks, which solve linear programming. It is considered as a sliding mode control problem, where the network structure is based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions, and the KKT multipliers are the control inputs to be implemented with fixed time stabilizing terms, instead of common used activation functions. Thus, the main feature of the proposed network is its fixed convergence time to the solution, which means, there it is a time independent to the initial conditions in which the network converges to the optimization solution. The applicability of the proposed scheme is tested on real-time optimization of an electrical microgrid prototype.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

His452Tyr polymorphism in the human 5-HT2A receptor affects clozapine-induced signaling networks revealed by quantitative phosphoproteomics

Antipsychotic drugs remain the current standard for schizophrenia treatment. Although they directly recognize the orthosteric binding site of numerous monoaminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), these drugs, and particularly second-generation antipsychotics such as clozapine, all have in common a very high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT receptor (5-HTR). Using classical pharmacology and targeted signaling pathway assays, previous findings suggest that clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics behave principally as 5-HTR neutral antagonists and/or inverse agonists. However, more recent findings showed that antipsychotics may also behave as pathway-specific agonists. Reversible phosphorylation is a common element in multiple signaling networks. Combining a quantitative phosphoproteomic method with signaling network analysis, we tested the effect of clozapine treatment on the overall level of protein phosphorylation and signal transduction cascades in vitro in mammalian cell lines induced to express either the human 5-HTR or the H452Y variant of the gene encoding the 5-HTR receptor. This naturally occurring variation within the 5-HTR gene was selected because it has been repeatedly associated with schizophrenia patients who do not respond to clozapine treatment. Our data show that short time exposure (5 or 10 min) to clozapine (10 M) led to phosphorylation of numerous signaling components of pathways involved in processes such as endocytosis, ErbB signaling, insulin signaling or estrogen signaling. Cells induced to express the H452Y variant showed a different basal phosphoproteome, with increases in the phosphorylation of mTOR signaling components as a translationally relevant example. However, the effect of clozapine on the functional landscape of the phosphoproteome was significantly reduced in cells expressing the 5-HTR-H452Y construct. Together, these findings suggest that clozapine behaves as an agonist inducing phosphorylation of numerous pathways downstream of the 5-HTR, and that the single nucleotide polymorphism encoding 5-HTR-H452Y affects these clozapine-induced phosphorylation-dependent signaling networks

Evolución de la sensibilidad y de los aislados productores de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido en microorganismos gramnegativos en el estudio SMART en España (2011-2015)

SMART-Spain Working Group.[Objective] The SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) surveillance study monitors antimicrobial susceptibility and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Gram-negative bacilli recovered from intra-abdominal infections (IAI).[Methods] Antimicrobial susceptibility of 5,343 isolates from IAI recovered in 11 centres during the 2011-2015 SMART-Spain program was analysed by standard microdilution (EUCAST criteria) and compared with that from 2002-2010. ESBLs were phenotypically detected.[Results] Escherichia coli, the most common isolate, significantly decreased in community acquired IAI (60.9% 2002-2010 vs. 56.1% 2011-2015, P=0.0003). It was followed in prevalence by Klebsiella pneumoniae that increased both in the community (8.9% vs. 10.8%, P=0.016) and nosocomial (9.2% vs. 10.8%, P=0.029) IAI and P. aeruginosa, which significantly increased in community acquired IAI (5.6% vs. 8.0%, P=0.0003). ESBLs were more prevalent in K. pneumoniae (16.3%) than in E. coli (9.5%) of nosocomial origin and were more frequently isolated from elderly patients (>60 years). Considering all Enterobacteriaceae, ertapenem (92.3-100%) and amikacin (95.5%-100%) were the most active antimicrobials. Ertapenem activity, unlike amoxicillin-clavulanate or piperacillin-tazobactam, remained virtually unchanged in ESBL (100%) and non-ESBL (98.8%) E. coli producers. Its activity decreased in ESBL-K. pneumoniae (74.7%) but was higher than that of amoxicillin-clavulanate (14.0%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (24.0%). Interestingly, ertapenem susceptibility was maintained in >60% of ESBL isolates that were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam or fluoroquinolones.[Conclusions] SMART-Spain results support current guidelines which include ertapenem as empiric treatment in mild-moderate community-acquired IAI, particularly with ESBL producers. These recommendations will need to be updated with the recently introduction of new antimicrobials.[Introducción] El estudio SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) monitoriza la sensibilidad antimicrobiana y las β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en bacilos gramnegativos obtenidos de infecciones intraabdominales (IIA).[Material y Métodos] Se ha analizado la sensibilidad antimicrobiana (microdilución estándar, criterios EUCAST) y las BLEE (detección fenotípica) de 5.343 aislados de IIA en 11 centros del programa SMART-España durante 2011-2015 en comparación con 2002-2010.[Resultados] Escherichia coli, el microorganismo más prevalente, disminuyó significativamente en las IIA de origen comunitario (60,9% 2002-2010 vs. 56,1% 2011-2015, P=0,0003). Fue seguido en prevalencia por Klebsiella pneumoniae que aumentó tanto en IIA comunitaria (8,9% vs. 10,8%, P=0,016) como nosocomial (9,2% vs. 10,8%, P=0,029) y por P. aeruginosa que aumentó en la IIA comunitaria (5,6% vs. 8,0%, P=0,0003). Las BLEE fueron más prevalentes en la IIA nosocomial por K. pneumoniae (16,3%) que por E. coli (9,5%), siendo más frecuentes en pacientes de mayor edad (>60 años). Considerando todas las Enterobacteriaceae, ertapenem (92,3-100%) y amikacina (95,5%-100%) fueron los antimicrobianos más activos. La sensibilidad a ertapenem, al contrario que a amoxicilina-clavulánico o piperacilina-tazobactam, se mantuvo sin cambios en E. coli con (98,8%) y sin BLEE (100%). Su sensibilidad disminuyó en BLEE-K. pneumoniae(74,7%) pero fue mayor que la de amoxicilina-clavulánico (14,0%) o piperacilina-tazobactam (24,0%). Es de resaltar que esta actividad se mantuvo >60% en los aislados con BLEE resistentes a amoxicilina-clavulánico, piperacilina-tazobactam o fluoroquinolonas.[Conclusiones+ El estudio SMART-España sustenta las guías actuales que incluyen al ertapenem como tratamiento empírico en la IIA leve-moderada comunitaria, en particular con BLEE. Estas recomendaciones precisaran actualizarse con la reciente introducción de nuevos antimicrobianos.Peer reviewe

Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero (2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16-0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26-0·57; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). Interpretation: The presence of a so-called viral storm is associated with increased all-cause death in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe COVID-19. Preventing this viral storm could help to reduce poor outcomes. Viral storm could be an enrichment marker for treatment with antivirals or purification devices to remove viral components from the blood.This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FONDO-COVID19, COV20/00110, CIBERES, 06/06/0028; AT), Proyectos de Investigación en Salud (PI19/00590; JFB-M), Miguel Servet (CP20/00041; DdG-C), Sara Borrell (CD018/0123; APT), and Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud (FI20/00278; AdF). We also received funds from Programa de Donaciones Estar Preparados, UNESPA (Madrid, Spain), and from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR OV2–170357; DJK and JFB-M), Research Nova Scotia, Li-Ka Shing Foundation (DJK), and finally by a Research Grant 2020 from ESCMID (APT). COV20/00110, PI19/00590, CP20/00041, CD018/0123, FI20/00278 were co-funded by European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund (A way to make Europe, and Investing in your future). We thank the IRB-Lleida Biobank 119 (B.0000682) and Plataforma Biobancos PT17/0015/0027 in Lleida, the Hospital Clinic Barcelona (HCB)-IDIBAPS biobank in Barcelona, and the National DNA Bank and the Hospital Universitario de Salamanca biobank (both in Salamanca) for their logistical support with sample processing and storage. We are indebted to the Fundació Glòria Soler for its contribution and support to the COVIDBANK of HCBIDIBAPS Biobank. This work was not supported by any pharmaceutical company or other agency.S

Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero ([removed]2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16–0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26–0·57; p[removed]11 página

Cut-offs and response criteria for the Hospital Universitario la Princesa Index (HUPI) and their comparison to widely-used indices of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To estimate cut-off points and to establish response criteria for the Hospital Universitario La Princesa Index (HUPI) in patients with chronic polyarthritis. Methods Two cohorts, one of early arthritis (Princesa Early Arthritis Register Longitudinal PEARL] study) and other of long-term rheumatoid arthritis (Estudio de la Morbilidad y Expresión Clínica de la Artritis Reumatoide EMECAR]) including altogether 1200 patients were used to determine cut-off values for remission, and for low, moderate and high activity through receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The areas under ROC (AUC) were compared to those of validated indexes (SDAI, CDAI, DAS28). ROC analysis was also applied to establish minimal and relevant clinical improvement for HUPI. Results The best cut-off points for HUPI are 2, 5 and 9, classifying RA activity as remission if =2, low disease activity if >2 and =5), moderate if >5 and <9 and high if =9. HUPI''s AUC to discriminate between low-moderate activity was 0.909 and between moderate-high activity 0.887. DAS28''s AUCs were 0.887 and 0.846, respectively; both indices had higher accuracy than SDAI (AUCs: 0.832 and 0.756) and CDAI (AUCs: 0.789 and 0.728). HUPI discriminates remission better than DAS28-ESR in early arthritis, but similarly to SDAI. The HUPI cut-off for minimal clinical improvement was established at 2 and for relevant clinical improvement at 4. Response criteria were established based on these cut-off values. Conclusions The cut-offs proposed for HUPI perform adequately in patients with either early or long term arthritis