Different long-term trends of the oxygen red 630.0 nm line nightglow intensity as the result of lowering the ionosphere F2 layer

Long-term observations of total nightglow intensity of the atomic oxygen red 630.0 nm line at Abastumani (41.75° N, 42.82° E) in 1957–1993 and measurements of the ionosphere F2 layer parameters from the Tbilisi ionosphere station (41.65° N, 44.75° E) in 1963–1986 have been analyzed. It is shown that a decrease in the long-term trend of the mean annual red 630.0 nm line intensity from the pre-midnight value (+0.770±1.045 R/year) to its minimum negative value (−1.080±0.670 R/year) at the midnight/after midnight is a possible result of the observed lowering of the peak height of the ionosphere F2 layer electron density <I>hm</I>F2 (−0.455±0.343 km/year). A theoretical simulation is carried out using a simple Chapman-type layer (damping in time) for the height distribution of the F2 layer electron density. The estimated values of the lowering in the <I>hm</I>F2, the increase in the red line intensity at pre-midnight and its decrease at midnight/after midnight are close to their observational ones, when a negative trend in the total neutral density of the upper atmosphere and an increase in the mean northward wind (or its possible consequence – a decrease in the southward one) are assumed

SYSTEM OF VISUALIZATION IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

The article is devoted to the use of visual materials in the process of teaching foreign languages. The problem of adequate presentation of visual educational information is analyzed. The types and formats of tasks that are aimed at the assimilation of data of similar kind are considered

ASPECTS OF ELECTRODYNAMICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS

On discute les bases du formalisme de la réponse électromagnétique, et le rôle des modes collectifs en électrochimie interfaciale. Ces concepts sont utilisés pour développer un point de vue sur les problèmes optico-électrochimiques des modes collectifs ou mettant en jeu une particule individuelle, en volume et à l'interface, ainsi que pour réunir quelques idées sur les effets physiques possibles.Fundamentals of electromagnetic response formalism and the role of collective modes in interfacial electrochemistry are discussed. These concepts are used to derive a point of view on the optico-electrochemical problems of bulk and interfacial collective and single-particle modes and to collect some ideas on the possible physical effects