Why Most Facebook Users Get More Than They Give

Analyzes data on Facebook user activity, including patterns in sending friend requests, adding content, and "liking" their friends' content; the interconnectedness of friends; and links between the number of friends, Facebook activity, and social support

A language-based approach to categorical analysis

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81).With the digitization of media, computers can be employed to help us with the process of classification, both by learning from our behavior to perform the task for us and by exposing new ways for us to think about our information. Given that most of our media comes in the form of electronic text, research in this area focuses on building automatic text classification systems. The standard representation employed by these systems, known as the bag-of-words approach to information retrieval, represents documents as collections of words. As a byproduct of this model, automatic classifiers have difficulty distinguishing between different meanings of a single word. This research presents a new computational model of electronic text, called a synchronic imprint, which uses structural information to contextualize the meaning of words. Every concept in the body of a text is described by its relationships with other concepts in the same text, allowing classification systems to distinguish between alternative meanings of the same word. This representation is applied to both the standard problem of text classification and also to the task of enabling people to better identify large bodies of text. The latter is achieved through the development of a visualization tool named flux that models synchronic imprints as a spring network.by Cameron Alexander Marlow.S.M

The structural determinants of media contagion

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-166).Informal exchanges between friends, family and acquaintances play a crucial role in the dissemination of news and opinion. These casual interactions are embedded in a network of communication that spans our society, allowing information to spread from any one person to another via some set of intermediary ties. Weblogs have recently emerged as a part of our media ecology and incidentally engender this process of media contagion; because weblog authors are tied by social networks of readership, contagious media events happen frequently, and in a form that is immediately measurable. The generally accepted notion of media diffusion is that it occurs through two channels: externally, as applied by a constant force such as the mass media, and internally through socio-structural means. Sitting between our traditional notions of mass media and the public, weblogs problematize this classical theory of mass media influence. This thesis aims to elucidate the role of weblogs in media contagion through a sociological study of this community in two parts: First, I will address the issues of modeling the social structure of weblogs as observed through their readership network, and the various media events that occur therein.(cont.) Using a large weblog corpus collected over a one-month period, I have constructed a model describing the structure of popularity and influence from the extracted readership network, and will show that this model more accurately describes the weblog network. I will also derive a typology of media events from collected examples using features of structural and non-structural diffusion. Second, the extent to which these data are reflective of actual social processes as opposed to artifacts of data collection and aggregation will be explored. To validate the models presented in part one, I have conducted a survey of randomly selected authors to examine their social behaviors, both in weblog use and otherwise. I will characterize the range of weblog uses and practices, presenting an analysis of personal influence in the blogging community.by Cameron Alexander Marlow.Ph.D

Biomedical engineering approaches to enhance therapeutic delivery for malignant glioma

© 2020 We review the challenges of next-generation therapeutics for both systemic and localised delivery to brain tumours and discuss how recent engineering advances may be used to enhance brain penetration of systemic delivery therapies. The unmet clinical need which drug delivery seeks to address is discussed with reference to the therapy obstacles that the intra-tumour heterogeneity of glioma present. The unmet chemistry and biomedical engineering challenge to develop controlled release therapeutics is appraised, with commentary on current success/failures in systemic carrier-mediated delivery, including receptor-targeted, cell-based, blood-brain-barrier disrupting and MRI-guided focused ultrasound. Localised therapeutic delivery is a relatively under-studied research avenue and is discussed with reference to existing technologies in preclinical development. These include convection-enhanced delivery, alternative catheter delivery, and neuro-surgically applied delivery systems such as polymeric hydrogels and interstitial spray. A myriad of nano-scale therapeutic delivery systems is emerging as potential future medicines for malignant brain tumours. Such biomedically-engineered systems will increasingly feature in next-generation neuro-oncological clinical trials to deliver repurposed and experimental therapeutics, aimed at achieving therapeutic drug concentrations in the brain, with associated mortality and morbidity benefits for patients

Detecting Emotional Contagion in Massive Social Networks

Happiness and other emotions spread between people in direct contact, but it is unclear whether massive online social networks also contribute to this spread. Here, we elaborate a novel method for measuring the contagion of emotional expression. With data from millions of Facebook users, we show that rainfall directly influences the emotional content of their status messages, and it also affects the status messages of friends in other cities who are not experiencing rainfall. For every one person affected directly, rainfall alters the emotional expression of about one to two other people, suggesting that online social networks may magnify the intensity of global emotional synchrony.Sociolog

Role of Self‐Assembly Conditions and Amphiphilic Balance on Nanoparticle Formation of PEG‐PDLLA Copolymers in Aqueous Environments

The production of well-defined and reproducible poly-meric nanoparticles (NPs), in terms of size and stability in biological environments, is undoubtedly a fundamental challenge in the formulation of novel and more effective nanomedicines. The adoption of PEGylated lactide (LA) block copolymers as biodegradable and biocompatible nanocarriers at different clinical stages has rendered these materials an attractive polymeric platform to be exploited and their formulation is further understood. In the present work, we synthesized a library of linear polyethyl-ene glycol-poly(D,L-lactide) block copolymers with different lengths of LA (15, 25, 50, and 100 LA units) via simple and metal-free ring-opening polymerization, in order to alter the amphi-philic balance of the different macromolecules. The produced polymers were formulated into NPs while varying a series of key parameters in the solvent displacement process, including solvent:nonsolvent ratios and the nature of the two media, and the effect on size and stability was assessed. In addition, stability to protein-NPs interaction and aggregation was studied, highlighting the different NP final properties according to the nature of the amphiphilic balance and nanoformulation conditions. Therefore, we have illustrated a systematic and methodo-logical process to optimize a series of NPs parameters balancing particle size, size distribution, surface charge, and stability to guide future works in the nanoformulation field