Effects of humic acid addition via drinking water on the performance of broilers fed diets containing fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of humic acid addition via drinking water on the performance of broiler fed diets containing fermented (FPKC) and non-fermented palm kernel cake (PKC) in a completely randomized design experiment involving treatments with 4 replicate. The treatments were arranged as follows: 1) 0% basic ration (0% PKC/FPKC), 2) 0% basic ration + humic acid, 3) 15% PKC, 4) 15% PKC + humic acid, 5) 15% FPKC, 6) 15% FPKC + humic acid. The rations were formulated to contain 22% crude protein and and 3000 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and carcass percentage were response variables. The result showed that the parameters were highly significant affected (P<0.01) by any treatment. In conclusion the PKC fermented (15% FPKC) and the addition of humic acid of 100 ppm in water can improve broilers performance as observed from feed consumption (1748.89 g/head), body weight gain (1074.70 g/head), feed conversion (1.63) and carcass percentage (73.15%)

Fermentation of Blood Meal with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as Broiler Feeding

Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the best combination of bovine blood and agri-industrial waste which fermented by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with different fermentation time to increase the quality of blood mixtures such as protein content, fiber content, nitrogen retention, amino acid compositionandenzyme activity. Methodology: Bovinebloodandagri-industrial wasteobtained from a slaughterhouse and traditional markets. The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial using three factors. Results: The results showed that there was a highly significant interaction (p<0.01) between blood concentrations, types of agricultural waste and fermentation time on crude protein, nitrogen retention and energy metabolism which the best results was mixtures blood (300/250 mL) and coconut pulp with fermentation time 120 h whereas, the crude protein content, nitrogen retention and enzyme activity (protease and mannanase) were 50.70 and 55.60%, protease 37.34 U gG1 and mannanase 0.992 U gG1, respectively. Meanwhile, the mixtures of blood (300/250 mL) and PKC had the best amino acid composition. Conclusion: The study can be concluded that the best results were mixture of blood meal (300 mL) with coconut pulp and fermentation time 120 h

Suplementasi Mineral Sulfur pada Ransum Tongkol Jagung Amoniasi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kecernaan secara In Vitro

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect supplementation of mineral sulphur on the digestibility of ammoniated corn cobs ration. The objective of this experiment is to determine the optimum level of sulphur supplementation to in vitro digestibility of rations. Rations consisted of 50% ammoniated corn cobs and 50% concentrate. As treatments, was various levels of sulphur at0, 0,13, 0,16, 0,21 and 0,32% of DM basis. Parameters measured included: digestibility of DM, OM, CP and fiber fractions. Data were statistically analyzed by variance analysis in a block randomized design. Results showed that the treatments gave highly significant (P<0,01) effect on the digestibility. Digestibility of DM. OM, CP and fibers fractions increased as increasing level of sulphur supplementation. The best digestibility was found on 0,16% level of sulphur supplementation

Suplementasi Mineral Sulfur pada Ransum Tongkol Jagung Amoniasi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kecernaan secara In Vitro

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect supplementation of mineral sulphur on the digestibility of ammoniated corn cobs ration. The objective of this experiment is to determine the optimum level of sulphur supplementation to in vitro digestibility of rations. Rations consisted of 50% ammoniated corn cobs and 50% concentrate. As treatments, was various levels of sulphur at0, 0,13, 0,16, 0,21 and 0,32% of DM basis. Parameters measured included: digestibility of DM, OM, CP and fiber fractions. Data were statistically analyzed by variance analysis in a block randomized design. Results showed that the treatments gave highly significant (P<0,01) effect on the digestibility. Digestibility of DM. OM, CP and fibers fractions increased as increasing level of sulphur supplementation. The best digestibility was found on 0,16% level of sulphur supplementation

Penggunaan Urea Sebagai Sumber Nitrogen Pada Proses Biodegradasi Substrat Lumpur Sawit Oleh Jamur Phanerochaete Chrysosporium

The research was conducted to study the biodegradation capability on palm oil sludge substrate by Phanerochaete chrysosporium with increasing urea as nitrogen source. The experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications, namely : U-0 = 0,0 % Urea, U-1= 0,5 % Urea, U-2 = 1,0 % Urea, U-3 = 1,5 % Urea and U-4 = 2,0 % Urea. The observed variables were the amount of spore, C/N ratio, pH, crude fiber, crude protein, lignin, cellulose and enzyme activities. The result of this study showed that added urea were significantly (P&lt;0.01) crude fiber, crude protein, lignin, cellulose and enzyme activities. The use of urea on the first level amounting to 1.5 % in palm oil sludge can help Phanerochaete chrysosporium to reduce crude fiber to (30,71%), lignin (29.89 %), cellulose (36.42 %) and it can increase the content of crude protein to (34.50 %), reduction sugar and enzyme activities

Effects of Amino Acid Composition in a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-fermented Mixture of Bovine Blood and Coconut Pulp on Growth Performance, Blood Cholesterol of Broilers

BackgroundandBackground: Bovine blood is a livestock by-product that can be used as a protein source for livestock, particularly when incorporatedin broiler rations. This studywas conductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsof aminoacids inBacillus amyloliquefaciens-fermented mixtures of bovine blood and coconut pulp (blood meal) on growth performance, blood cholesterol and erythrocyte content in broilers. Methodology: A total of 100 six day-old CP 707 (Strain Cobb) broilers were divided into 5 experimental groups with 4 replicates of 5 broilers. The experimental groups received rations supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% blood meal that substituted for fish meal or soybean meal. The experimental period was 5 weeks. Treatment effects on broiler performance parameters such as final body weight, final weight gain, average daily gain, feed intake, average abdominal fat and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), total serum cholesterol and erythrocyte count, as well as the return on investment were determined. Results: The group fed rations supplemented with 10% blood meal showed final body weight, final weight gain and FCR of 1,172, 1,035 and 1.75 g, respectively, which was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that for the other treatments. Rations with 10% blood meal also had the best return on investment ($0.92) relative to the other groups. Conclusion: A mixture of 10% bovine blood and coconut pulp fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can be used in broiler feed without adversely affecting broiler performance and can replace 47% of total fishmeal and 53% of soybean meal in broiler rations

Peningkatan Kualitas Limbah Buah Kopi dengan Phanerochaete Chrysosporium sebagai Pakan Alternatif

Limbah buah kopi bisa digunakan sebagai pakan alternatif berdasarkan potensi ketersediaannya dan kandungan nutrisinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi limbah buah kopi melalui fermentasi dengan Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Metode eksperimen yang digunakan adalah dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 3 x 2 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama, dosis inokulum yaitu: 4%, 7% dan 10% dari jumlah substrat. Faktor kedua, lama fermentasi: 7 hari dan 10 hari. Peubah yang diamati adalah protein kasar, serat kasar, retensi nitrogen dan kecernaan serat kasar. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah interaksi antara dosis inokulum 7% dan lama fermentasi dengan Phanerochaete chrysosporium 10 hari dapat menurunkan serat kasar dan meningkatkan protein kasar, retensi nitrogen dan kecernaan serat kasar limbah buah kopi fermentasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah fermentasi dengan Phanerochaete chrysosporium dengan dosis inokulum 7% dan lama fermentasi 10 hari merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk peningkatan kualitas nutrisi dari limbah buah kopi

Evaluation of Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein Balance on Productivity and Income on Male Kamang Ducks

Male Kamang ducks are one of the local ducks in West Sumatran germplasm originating from Tilatang Kamang and Kamang Magek Districts, Agam Regency, West Sumatera. The balance of metabolizable energy and crude protein (EM/P) in preparing the ration for Kamang ducks must be considered because it is closely related to the efficiency and growth of the ducks. Preparing the feed formulation for Kamang ducks with the right energy and protein balance will support their productivity. The research used male Kamang ducks in the grower phase, which is 3 to 7 weeks of age. Feed Treatment was metabolizable energy of 2800 kcal/kg with 17%, 18%, and 19% crude protein levels. The design used was completely randomized, with 3 treatments and 6 replications. The research showed no significant effect of treatments on feed consumption, body weight gain, or conversion ratio of male Kamang ducks in the grower phase; however, from the treatments, the highest income based on the IOFC value was ration B. In male Kamang ducks, good performance in balance of ME/P are 147.37 to 164.71 with the highest Income Over Feed and Cost (IOFC) value and lower fat abdominal at ME/P 155.55

Daya Simpan Konsentrat Sapi Potong Dengan Jenis Kemasan Berbeda Terhadap Kualitas Nutrisi, Ketengikan, dan Kandungan Aflatoksin

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh jenis kemasan dan waktu penyimpanan pakan konsentrat sapi potong yang terbaik berdasarkan kualitas nutrisi, ketengikan dan kandungan aflatoksin. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2x3x3 dengan dua faktor. Faktor A yaitu Jenis Kemasan (A1 = woven bag; A2 = woven bag dilapisi plastik PE (polyethylene)) dan Faktor B yaitu Waktu Penyimpanan (B1 = 1 bulan; B2 = 2 bulan, B3 = 3 bulan) dengan ulangan 3 kali. Peubah yang diamati adalah kualitas nutrisi (bahan kering, lemak kasar, protein kasar), ketengikan, dan kandungan aflatoksin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara faktor A (jenis kemasan) dan faktor B (lama penyimpanan) terhadap penurunan bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar namun terjadi peningkatan tingkat ketengikan dan kandungan aflatoksin. Jenis kemasan woven bag yang dilapisi plastik menunjukkan kandungan nutrisi yang lebih baik dibandingkan kemasan woven bag berdasarkan kandungan nutrisi, ketengikan, dan kandungan aflatoksin selama penyimpanan 2 bulan

Potensi Antibakterial Bakteri Asam Laktat Proteolitik dari Bekasam Sebagai Biopreservatif Daging Sapi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi antibacterial bakteri asam laktat proteolitik dari bekasam sebagai biopreservatif daging sapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 isolat bakteri asam laktat proteolitik dengan cara merendam daging dalam substrat antibakterial dari isolat BAL tersebut kemudian disimpan pada suhu dingin. Pengamatan utama pada penelitian ini adalah : (1) kualitas fisik daging, (2) kualitas mikrobiologi. Penelitian  ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor A adalah jenis BAL proteolitik yaitu a1 =  Lactobacillus pentosus BS15, a2 = Lactobacillus plantarum 1 BS22 dan a3 = Lactobacillus plantarum 1 BL12 dan faktor B adalah  penyimpanan daging pada suhu dingin selama 2, 4 dan 6 hari. Kualitas fisik daging menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH daging yang diberi substrat antibakterial Lactobacillus pentosus BS15 lebih rendah dibandingkan  dengan Lactobacillus plantarum 1 BS22 dan Lactobacillus plantarum 1 BL12 sedangkan lama penyimpanan tidak berbeda. Daya ikat air daging yang diberi substrat antibakterial  ketiga jenis bakteri tidak berbeda sedangkan lama penyimpanan 2 hari dan 4 hari lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 6 hari. Susut masak daging yang diberi substrat antibakterial  Lactobacillus pentosus BS15 lebih kecil dari pada  Lactobacillus plantarum 1 BS22 dan Lactobacillus plantarum 1 BL12, penyimpanan 2 hari dan 4 hari lebih besar susut masaknya dibandingkan 6 hari. Kualitas mikrobiologi menunjukkan bahwa total mikroba daging yang diberi substrat antibakterial  Lactobacillus pentosus BS15 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Lactobacillus plantarum 1 BS22 dan Lactobacillus plantarum 1 BL12 dan penyimpanan 2 hari lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 4 hari dan 6 hari. Total E. coli dan total S. aureus menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan sedangkan lama penyimpanan 2 hari lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 4 hari dan 6 hari. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini penggunaan substrat antibakterial dari BAL proteolitik dan penyimpanan pada suhu dingin dapat mempengaruhi kualitas fisik dan mikrobiologis daging yang lebih baik